Illipe trees on Peat

A trial by PT Tolan Tiga Indonesia

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Presentation
Objectives

to evaluate:
• the viability of Illipe
tree on peat.
• the Nut production
level on peat.
• the technical
opportunities and
risks of such a
production.

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Presentation
General Settings
• Ha: 10h of peat
• 5 800 Seedlings distributed as followed:
• Shorea stenoptera: 351
• Shorea pinanga: 1 383
• Shorea seminis: 1 974
• Shorea leprosula: 1 516
• Shorea selanica: 576
• 1 year in a shaded nursery
• Stand per Ha: 400 (5m x 5m)
• Minimal upkeep (enough to be weed
free).
• Adjustment can be done to improve the
chance of success

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Presentation
Location
• Sumatra along the Sungai Barumun
nearby Riau.
• Soil:
• hemic peat
• Ph: 4-5
• Rain:
• 2016: 3’446 mm
• Average on the last 10 year: 2’656mm
• Water level: is managed to be
maintained above 40cm

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Presentation
Illipe tree
• Family: Dipterocarpaceae
• Genus: Shorea
• Nut Producer Species:
• S. stenoptera
• S. macrophylla
• S. pinanga
• S. seminis
• S. atrovinovera

S. leprosula S. pinanga

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Presentation
Illipe Production
• Nuts:
• egg-shaped winged fruit
• “Typically about 4 cm long with a woody shell and
brown or black in colour”
• “The fruit contains the oil bearing kernel which has a
typical fat content of 45-70%. “ Nut of S. macrophylla Nut of S.seminis
• “Contain oil which is subsequently used as a
substitute for cocoa butter, as well as in soap,
candles, medicines and cosmetics.”
• Flowering (data vary a lot):
• First flowering: optimist 6 years immature;
Pessimistic 18-25years
• Normal year: 0 – 200kg/ha
• Mass flowering event:
• every 4 year (it can be longer).
• prod : 600 – 9000 kg/ha.
• Live on peat: depend on the source.
• “It has not been grown in plantation so far due to
the irregularity of its productions.”
Nut of S. stenoptera
Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017
Trial Steps

1) Seedling research; 2) Nursery preparation; 3) Seedling collection; 4) Seedling preparations; 5) Transplanting; 6) Upkeep and Monitoring

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Steps
Seedling Research

1) Very difficult to find reliable and

accessible seedling supply of Illipe in
Indonesia.
2) High genetic variability
3) Our supply: from Carita, where there
are identified species of shorea
4) We looked for Stumps.
5) Seed collection needs a precise
timing. And is technically more
complexes according to some sources.

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Steps
Nursery preparation

Preparation of : Shade, well drained area, soil & Polybag and Green House.

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Steps
Seedling Collection

The seedlings from the last fruiting season are uprooted and counted

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Steps
Seedlings Preparation

The Seedlings are prepared by cutting 50% of each leave.

The fruiting happens at different moment for each species => Leading to different size of seedlings.

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Steps
Stump Packing and Transport

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Steps
Transplanting

Root bath in Growth Hormone: 2g/l , 3min

Then Planted with NPK

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

Trial Stage
Upkeep & Monitoring

Watering: twice a day 10am & 4:30 pm;

Recording the death and the size
Green House opening: one side opened after 2 month; completely takeout after 4 months
Other Upkeep Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017
RESULTS & INTERPRETATIONS

Species Initial Number Latest Survival % Initial Size (cm) Latest % Growth
1. Shorea stenoptera 351 54 15% 69.2 74.1 7%
2. Shorea pinanga 1383 210 15% 43.3 74.5 72%
3. Shorea seminis 1974 724 37% 36.0 64.9 80%
4. Shorea leprosula 1516 678 45% 26.2 70.7 169%
5. Shorea selanica 576 253 44% 29.6 57.7 95%
Total 5800 Workshop
1919Wetland International, Bogor,
33% 18/12/2017 40.9 68.4 85%
 % Survival

0%
120%

20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Saturday, February 25, 2017

Saturday, March 4, 2017

Saturday, March 11, 2017

Saturday, March 18, 2017

Saturday, March 25, 2017

Saturday, April 1, 2017

Saturday, April 8, 2017

Saturday, April 15, 2017

the seedlings

Saturday, April 22, 2017

Non recovery of

Saturday, April 29, 2017

Saturday, May 6, 2017

RESULTS & INTERPRETATION

method:

Saturday, May 13, 2017

Saturday, May 20, 2017

Saturday, May 27, 2017

Change of counting

are counted as dead.

Saturday, June 3, 2017

all non recovered seedling

Saturday, June 10, 2017

Saturday, June 17, 2017

Saturday, June 24, 2017

Saturday, July 1, 2017

Saturday, July 8, 2017

Saturday, July 15, 2017

Saturday, July 22, 2017

Saturday, July 29, 2017

Seedling Survival Rate

Saturday, August 5, 2017

of death

Saturday, August 12, 2017

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017
Other Causes

Saturday, August 19, 2017

Saturday, August 26, 2017

Saturday, September 2, 2017

Saturday, September 9, 2017

Saturday, September 16, 2017

Some finally recovered

Saturday, September 23, 2017

Saturday, September 30, 2017

Saturday, October 7, 2017

Saturday, October 14, 2017

Saturday, October 21, 2017

Saturday, October 28, 2017

Saturday, November 4, 2017

Seminis
Pinanga

Selanica
Leprosula
Stenoptera
RESULTS & INTERPRETATIONS
Seedling growth (height)
Full opening
Elimination of (100% exposure to
90 the tallest Sunshine)
seedlings

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

Stenoptera Pinanga Seminis Leprosula Selanica

10

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

RESULTS & INTERPRETATIONS
Interpretations Picture of the roots

• The poor performance of S. Pinanga, S. Stenopterea & S. seminis can be explained by:
• The advanced size of the collected seedlings
• Their were the first to be transplanted ( as second effect served as practice)
• Their placement in the Nursery full east may also had an impact.
• The performance of S. leprosula & S. selanica can be increase even more by better practice.
• With a bit of practice we could reach 60% survival
• Basic Transplanting training (to leave not cavity)
• Increase the Shade protection at the beginning
• Better understanding of the water acidity
• We lacked an easy access to good material:
• Allow to purchase at the right moment the seedlings
• Allow to get access to the seeds (better performance, roots)
• Allow to have identified good genetic material (Already suggested by specialist)

Right now the access to the seedling is very complicated, and untrained planters may encounter at first some
failure.
If clear pool of supply are identified and accessible the nursery stage should only present moderate technical
challenge with a bit of training.
Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017
NEXT STEPS
• Planting:
• Testing the viability on peat
• From Interview: not known to work on peat.
• From recent source specially in the FAO website, Illipe are adapted
on peat.
• Production:
• Prevision 6 years – 28 years
• Observe what level we can achieve on peat, and what are
the encountered challenges.

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017

 Terima Kasih

Martin de Clermont-Tonnerre
mdctonnerre@sipef.com
Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017
• MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE SERIES 9; Towards
climate-responsible peatlands management; 15.Illipe nut plantation
on undrained peatland; Dwi T Adriyanti, Suryo Hardiwinoto, Wim
Giesen, Peter van der Meer, Quirijn Coolen and Oka Karyanto
• http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5043E/x5043E05.htm#Borneo tallow
nut
• Quirijn Coolen, 2013, The Illipe nut (Shorea spp.) as additional
resource in plantation forestry; Case Study in Sarawak, Malaysia

Workshop Wetland International, Bogor, 18/12/2017