SAFI INDEPENDENT POWER PROJECT (MOROCCO) DAEWOO E&C

SEISMIC STUDY AND DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL WORK

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
APPENDIX – C1
 
 
SEISMIC STUDY AND DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CIVIL AND
STRUCTURAL WORK
 PROJECT NAME : Safi Independent Power Project (Morocco)

SUBJECT : Seismic Study and

Design Criteria for
Civil and Structural Work

DOCUMENT NO. : SIPP-CC-CG-71-0001

For Construction

Kingdom of Morocco

OWNER SAFI ENERGY COMPANY

OWNER’S ENGINEER

CONTRACTOR DAEWOO E&C

2 2015.02.09 Revised As Shown SH Kim YJ Hwang MG Park

1 2014.11.28 Revised As Shown SH Kim YJ Hwang MG Park

0 2014.11.20 Issue for Information SH Kim YJ Hwang MG Park

Rev. Prepared Reviewed Approved
Date Description
No. by by by
It may NOT be used, disclosed or reproduced for other purpose pertaining to this document or its contents without specific, written

prior permission of Daewoo E&C Co., Ltd.

Safi Independent Power Project (Morocco) DAEWOO E&C
Seismic Study and Design Criteria for Civil & Structural Work SIPP-CC-CG-71-0001

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE OF WORK.......................................................................................................................................4

2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS........................................................................................................................4

2.1 Codes and Standards ................................................................................................................................4

3.0 SITE INFORMATION ...................................................................................................................................6

3.1 Site Information ..........................................................................................................................................6

3.2 Soil Data .......................................................................................................................................................7

3.3 Tide Level for Maritime Infrastructure ....................................................................................................8

4.0 DESIGN LOAD .............................................................................................................................................9

4.1 Design Loads ..............................................................................................................................................9

4.2 Load Combinations ................................................................................................................................. 13

5.0 MATERIAL................................................................................................................................................. 14

5.1 Structural Steel Material ......................................................................................................................... 14

5.2 Reinforced Concrete Material................................................................................................................ 15

6.0 SEISMIC STUDY ....................................................................................................................................... 17

6.1 Analysis of the Seismic Hazard ............................................................................................................ 17

6.2 Seismic Load ............................................................................................................................................ 18

7.0 CIVIL WORK DESIGN .............................................................................................................................. 19

7.1 Earthwork Design .................................................................................................................................... 19

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7.2 Reinforced Concrete Design ................................................................................................................. 21

7.3 Road & Paving Design ............................................................................................................................ 24

7.4 Drainage Design ...................................................................................................................................... 26

7.5 Security System Design ......................................................................................................................... 28

7.6 Circulating Water System ...................................................................................................................... 29

8.0 STRUCTURAL WORK DESIGN .............................................................................................................. 31

8.1 Design of Structural Steel Members .................................................................................................... 31

8.2 Foundation of Steam Turbines and Generators ................................................................................ 32

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Seismic Study and Design Criteria for Civil & Structural Work SIPP-CC-CG-71-0001

1.0 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work shall include all the necessary civil and structural works required for the
construction of Project SIPP in Morocco.

2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

2.1 Codes and Standards

Below is a partial listing of the codes and standards for civil and structural work which shall be
followed in design and construction of the power plant facilities. The listing is not intended to be
comprehensive and is not intended to limit the Contractor's obligation to comply with all codes and
standards. Other equivalent or better international codes and standards can be used after Owner’s
approval.
• AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials)

• ACI (American Concrete Institute)

ACI 207.2R Effect of Restraint, Volume Change, and Reinforcement on
Cracking of Mass Concrete
ACI 301 Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings
ACI 307 Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Chimneys
ACI 315 Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement

ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary
ACI 350 Code Requirements for Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures
ACI 351.2 Foundations for Static Equipment

ACI 351.3 Foundations for Dynamic Equipment

ACI 530 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures
• AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction)
AISC 303 Code of Standard Practice for Structural Steel Buildings and Bridges
AISC 325 Steel Construction Manual
AISC 348 RCSC Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts
AISC 360 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
Design Guide 7 Industrial Buildings – Roofs to Anchor Rods
• AISE (Association of Iron and Steel Engineers)
AISE TR 13 Guide for the Design and Construction of Mill Buildings
• ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

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• API (American Petroleum Institute)

API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage with Addendums
API 653 Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration and Reconstruction

• ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)

ASCE 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
• ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineer)
• ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials)
• AWS (American Welding Society)
AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code – Steel
AWS D1.4 Structural Welding Code – Reinforcing Steel
• AWWA (American Water Works Association)
AWWA C207 Steel Pipe Flanges for Waterworks Services

AWWA C950 Fiberglass Pressure Pipe

AWWA M45 Fiberglass Pipe Design
• ICBO (International Conference of Building Officials)

UBC Uniform Building Code, 1997

• IBC (International Building Code)
• NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
NFPA 850 Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants
and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations
• OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
• SDI (Steel Deck Institute)
• SSPC (The Society for Protective Coatings)
SSPC-PA Paint Application Specification
SSPC-SP Surface Preparation Standards
• UPC (Uniform Plumbing Code)
• EM1110-2-1100 Costal Engineering Manual
• CIRIA C683 The Rock Manual (2007)
• HEC 14 Hydraulic Engineering Circular No 14 (Third Edition)
• RPS 2011 Moroccan Earthquake Code
• NM Moroccan National Standards

• KS Korean Industrial Standards

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• BS British Standards
• EN European Standards
• JIS Japanese Industrial Standards

• Technical Standards and Commentaries for Port and Harbour Facilities in Japan 2009
• Design Standards of Harbour and Fishery Port (Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, 2014)
• Shore Protection Manual (1984, Fourth Edition)

3.0 SITE INFORMATION

3.1 Site Information

The following site information shall be used in the design of civil and structural works as design
data.

3.1.1 Site Elevation

• Coal Storage Yard : EL.+26.0m (M.S.L)

• 400kV GIS Area : EL.+23.0m (M.S.L)
• Laydown Area : EL.+18.0m (M.S.L)

• Power Block : EL.+18.0m (M.S.L)

• CWP Structure Area : EL.+5.0m (M.S.L)
• All Buildings : EL.+18.1m (M.S.L)
* M.S.L = Mean Sea Level

3.1.2 Ambient Air Temperature

• Maximum : 46.4°C

• Minimum : -2.2°C
• Annual Average : 20°C
• Maximum ∆T : 26.4°C

3.1.3 Relative Humidity

• Site Reference Conditions : 80%

• Ambient Conditions : 0 to 100%

3.1.4 Wind

• Basic Wind Speed : 48m/sec (3-second gust speed)

• Main Wind Direction : North East

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• Exposure Category : Exposure C

• Importance Factor : 1.15 (Category Ⅲ)
* According to ASCE 7-05

3.1.5 Air Quality

• Saline (Close to sea)

3.1.6 Earthquake

• Earthquake Zone : Zone 2

• Site Class : S2
• Importance Factor : 1.3 (for class I) / 1.0 (for class II)
* According to RPS 2011

3.1.7 Seawater Temperature

• 12.0 ~ 25.0°C

3.1.8 Ocean Water Level for Power Plant Facilities

• High : EL.+3.00m
• Average : EL.±0.00m (M.S.L)

• Low : EL.-3.00m

3.1.9 Annual Rainfall

• Maximum : 1018.9mm

• Minimum : 136.6mm

3.2 Soil Data

The soil data shall be as follows.

Friction Uniaxial
Unit Weight Elastic
Cohesion Compressio
Layer Angle Modulus
γ t (kN/m3) c (kN/m2) n Test
Ø (˚) E (kN/m2)
qu (kN/m2)
Sand 18.0 - 30 50,000 -

Filling 19.0 10 30 50,000 -

Sandstone 22.0 100 31 600,000 5,000

Limestone 21.0 100 37 500,000 15,000

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3.3 Tide Level for Maritime Infrastructure

The variations of the seawater level are mainly due to the combination of the three following
physical factors ;
• Astronomical factor : the forces on seawater by the attraction (gravitation) of the moon and
the sun.
• Meteorological factor: variation of seawater level due to the wind and the atmospheric

pressure variation.
• Climate changes factor: there is a slow general rising of the seawater level everywhere due
to the now well-known phenomenon of global climate changes.

3.3.1 Astronomical factor

In Safi, the astronomical tide is semi-diurnal.

The typical levels reported to chart datum reference zero (0) CD are provided in the following
table and the level zero (0) NGM (General level of Morocco) is at +2.17m above the zero (0) CD
level.
Type of Tide Seawater Level

Maximum astronomical level +3.90m CD

Mean Height Water Springs MHWS(PMVE) +3.50m CD

Mean Height Water Neaps MHWN(PMME) +2.80m CD

Mean sea level (=0.00 NGM) +2.17m CD

Mean Low Water Neaps MLWN(BMME) +1.50m CD

Mean Low Water Springs MLWS(BMVE) +0.70m CD

Minimum astronomical level +0.20m CD

3.3.2 Meteorological factor

The variations of the seawater level of special meteorological factors, as wind and atmospheric

pressure, cause decreasing and increasing (surging) of the seawater level. This influence of
meteorological factors is small on the Atlantic Coast of Morocco. It have been generally
admitted the general decrease of the seawater level is about -0.2m, and the increase is varying
between +0.2 and +0.5m.
Period Surge

1 year 0.20m

10 years 0.35m

100 years 0.50m

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3.3.3 Climate changes factor

The prediction of seawater level increase values due to global warming used by report in recent
project in Safi is presented below table.
Year Increase of level Above 2010 level

2050 +0.15m

2100 +0.35m

3.3.4 Determination of design water level (HWL)

Design high water level is determined in addition to mean height water springs (MHWS), surge
effect and increase of water level.
Therefore design water level used following value
Mean height water spring (MHWS) : +3.5m (CD) = EL(+)1.33m
Surge effect value : 0.45m (50 years return period linear interpolation)

Increase of water level : 0.15m (up to 2050 year)

Design high water level (HWL): +4.1m (CD) = EL(+)1.93m

3.3.5 Design Water Level

Design
EL CD Remark
water level
HWL 50 years
(+)1.93 (+)4.10m
(High water level) return period
MSL EL(±)0.0=CD(+)2.17
(±)0.0m (+)2.17m
(Mean sea level) =NGM(±)0.0=MSL(±)0.0)
LWL
(-)1.97 (+)0.20m
(Low water level)

4.0 Design Load

4.1 Design Loads

The following design loads shall be used for the major structures and buildings.

4.1.1 Dead Load

4.1.1.1 Self-weight and Permanent Load

The permanent load shall be the self-weight of structure and foundation including backfilled
earth material on the foundation. Typical unit weights of structural materials are as follows.
• Steel = 78.5 kN/m3

• Plain Concrete = 23 kN/m3

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• Reinforce Concrete = 25 kN/m3

• Backfilled Earth = 19 kN/m3
• Water = 9.8 kN/m3
• Seawater = 10.1 kN/m3
• Armor Stone = 26 kN/m3
• Quarry Run = 18 kN/m3

4.1.1.2 Buildings

All appropriate dead loads shall be included in the design of buildings and shall include the
followings:
• Framing, walls, floors, roofs, suspended ceilings, permanent partitions and stairs.
• Fixed service equipment, machinery, electrical feeders, heating/ventilating/air conditioning,
etc. wherever their loads are transmitted to structural elements.

4.1.1.3 Structures and Foundations

The following dead loads shall be included in the design of structures and foundations for
equipment.

• Self-weight of structural elements. For steel structures, 10% shall be added to allow for
fixings, gussets, etc.
• Machinery, equipment, valves and piping where they permanently load the structure.

4.1.2 Lateral Earth Pressure Load

Underground structures such as pipe and basins shall be designed considering lateral earth
pressure load. Lateral earth pressure load is governed by the strength of ground and can be
calculated as follows.
H = 1/2×K×γ×Df2
where,
σh = Horizontal Stress
σv = Vertical Stress = γ x Df
σh = Kσv
γ = Unit Weight of Soil
Df = Depth
K = Coefficient of Lateral Earth Pressure
Ka : tan2(45 - Φ/2) for active soil pressure coefficient
Kp : tan2(45 + Φ/2) for passive soil pressure coefficient

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Ko : (1 - sinΦ) for at-rest soil pressure coefficient

Φ = Frictional Angle of Soil

4.1.3 Live Load

Floor live loads shall be based on probable area loading in addition to equipment loads, and
shall not be reduced for large floor areas.

Operation and testing load of equipment shall be considered, and all equipment loads shall be

obtained from Suppliers’ certified drawings.

Minimum floor loads other than listed below shall be in accordance with the international
standards or codes.

The following live loads shall be applied (unless otherwise noted).

Location Live Load (kPa) (1)

Ground floor (grade slab area or below grade concrete)

General 17 (2)

Concrete or grating trench covers 10 (2)

Locker rooms or general office rooms 4

Above grade (elevated floors)

General (boiler and air quality control system structures)

Concrete floor 10 (3)

Grating floor 10 (3)

Stairs 5

Elevator machinery floor 8 (3)

Roof 2.5 (10)

Access/service platform and catwalks 4 (5)

Interior roofs 5

Turbine building

Turbine operating floor

Concrete 17 (6) (3)

Grating 10 (6) (3)

Concrete 30 (6)
Turbine generator lay down area
Grating 15 (6)
Turbine mezzanine floor (below operating floor) 10 (3)

Electrical control room 10 (3)

Electrical equipment 10 (3)

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Location Live Load (kPa) (1)

Storage / special use 17 (7)

Material and coal handling conveyors and structures

Ground floor As noted above

Elevated concrete floor 5 (9)

Metal grating type floor 8 (9)

Notes:
1. Equipment dismantling, laydown loads, maintenance equipment (welders), and parts staging
maintenance loads to be used if greater than the table value. Live loads shall also provide for
movable and transitory loads such as foot traffic, portable equipment and fixtures. Use more
stringent of these loads, vendor supplied data or the Governing Building Code.
2. Vehicular traffic wheel loads from fork lift, HS20-44, Dozer etc., per consultation and
agreement with the Owner shall be used.
3. Consider equipment removal laydown area, either vehicular or non-vehicular, after

consultation and agreement with the Owner.

4. Not used.
5. Access/service platforms and catwalks are elevated partial floors accessed by ladder from

the nearest floor below or above.

6. Turbine laydown and dismantling shall be used if greater than table value.
7. Storage and Special Use examples include, but not limited to: batteries, oil drums, spare
parts, equipment, etc.
8. The minimum loading shall be based on this table per noted location or actual use intended,
whichever is greater.

9. Unless material spillage probability dictates a larger value to be used.

10. Greater value to be considered if equipments are erected on roof top.

4.1.4 Wind Load

Wind Load on structures and structural members shall be in accordance with “Analytical
Procedure (Method 2)” in section 6.5 of ASCE 7-05.
The following basic parameters shall be used;

• Basic Wind Speed = 48 m/sec (3-second gust speed)

• Exposure Category = C
• Importance Factor = 1.15 (Category III)

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4.1.5 Seismic Load

The seismic load shall be specified in section 6.0.

4.1.6 Thermal Load

The structural design of all buildings and structural components shall be based on all defined
loads where occur within the service life time of the power plant. These loads do mainly result
from erection, operation and maintenance.

Effects arising from contraction or expansion resulting from environmental temperature changes
shall be taken into account with the maximum temperature change ∆T = 26.4°C for directly
exposed to weather. (Refer to clause 3.0)
The influence of temperature effects due to environmental conditions or based on operation of
the power plant has to be superimposed with other loadings, where necessary. The adoption
shall follow the design standards as well as engineering judgement.

4.1.7 Equipment Load

All equipment loads shall be obtained from Suppliers’ certified drawings. For purposes of design,
the equipment load shall consist of the greater of the operating, flooded, or hydrostatic test

weight. The load location that produces the largest stresses and deflections shall be used in the
analysis and design. Components such as vessels, storage bins, tanks and similar components
shall be considered filled or partially filled as specified in the appropriate design codes. Short

circuit torque forces shall be included as live load in the design of equipment supports and
foundations.

4.1.8 Impact and Dynamic Load

Impact load for cranes and hoists shall be included as per the AISC specification. When
vibrating machines are supported on framed floors, the supporting members and the columns
shall be investigated for dynamic interaction based on equipment vendors’ requirements.

4.2 Load Combinations

Load combinations shall be applied in accordance with the requirements of ASCE 7-05 and the
contract document. (Exhibit B – Technical Specification Part B : 5.5.16 & 5.5.17)

4.2.1 Load Notation

The following notations are used

• D = dead load

• E = earthquake load

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• F = load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights

• H = load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure or pressure of bulk materials
• L = live load

• Lr = roof live load

• S = snow load
• T = thermal load
• W = wind load

4.2.2 Ultimate Strength Design (USD) Combinations

1. 1.4(D + F)

2. 1.2D + 1.4(F + T) + 1.6L + 1.7H + 0.5Lr

3. 1.2D + 1.6Lr + (1.0L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + 1.0L + 0.5Lr

5. 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L + 1.0Lr

6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.7H
7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.7H

4.2.3 Allowable Strength Design (ASD) Combinations

1. D + F
2. D + H + F + L + Lr + T
3. D + H + F + 0.75(L + T + Lr)
4. D + H + F + (W or 0.7E)
5. D + H + F + (W or 0.7E) + (L + Lr)
6. 0.6D + W + H
7. 0.6D + 0.7E + H
8. 0.9D + 0.7E + H

5.0 MATERIAL

5.1 Structural Steel Material

Material used for hot-rolled shapes and welded plate girders shall conform to ASTM A36, ASTM
A572 Grade 50 or equivalent. Bolting material shall conform to ASTM A36, A307 or equivalent for
normal bolts. High strength bolts shall conform to ASTM A325, A490, ASTM F1852 (Twist Off Type)

or equivalent.

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Material Technical Spec. Equivalent Code

ASTM A36 (Fy=250MPa) JIS G3101 SS400 (Fy=235MPa)

EN 10025 S235JR (Fy=235MPa)
Structural
Steel
ASTM A572 Gr.50 (Fy=345 MPa) JIS G3106 SM490A (Fy=325MPa)
EN 10025 S355JR (Fy=355 MPa)

ASTM A325 (Ft=830 MPa) JIS B1186 F8T (Ft=800MPa)

EN 14399 Class 8.8 (Ft=800MPa)

High Strength ASTM A490 (Ft=1040MPa) JIS B1186 F10T (Ft=1000MPa)

Bolt EN 14399 Class 10.9 (Ft=1000MPa)

ASTM F1852 JSS II-09

High Strength ASTM A563 JIS B1186

Nut EN 14399

JIS B1186
Washer ASTM F436
EN 14399

ASTM A36 (Fy=250MPa) JIS G3101 SS400 (Fy=235MPa)

Anchor Bolt
ASTM A307 (Ft=414 MPa) EN 10025 S235JR (Fy=235MPa)

5.2 Reinforced Concrete Material

5.2.1 Concrete

Concrete works shall, as a minimum, be designed, specified and installed in accordance with
applicable ACI requirements. Reinforced concrete structures and foundations shall be designed
in accordance with the applicable provisions of ACI 318, "Building Code Requirements for

Structural Concrete". All water retaining structures such as the sumps shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with ACI 350, BS 6349 Part 1 and BS EN 1992-1-1 or equivalent.
Minimum concrete compressive (cylindrical) strength fc’ at 28 days shall be as follows:
Area of Use fc’(MPa)
Ordinary concrete for the embedding, buffers, electrical conduit,
backfill with lean-mix concrete (including lean concrete below 15
foundation)
Maritime infrastructure – Artificial concrete Block 30
Structural concrete including foundations and miscellaneous
30
structures and equipment foundations
Block foundations, large-sized rotating equipment, Structures of C.W
35
system
Non-shrink grout 50

The cement shall be in accordance with ASTM C150 specifications for ordinary Portland cement
(Type I or V) or equivalent. Structures of C.W system made of concrete shall be executed in
watertight reinforced concrete with sulphate resistant cement, silica fume or fly ash.

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Water/cement ratio, minimum cement content and concrete protection methods of concrete
shall be as follows, considering the purpose and exposure conditions of structures.

Min.
fck-cyl fck-cube Max Fly
Structures Class Cement Coating
(MPa) (MPa) W/C Ash
(kg/m3)
Cooling Water Intake
B35 35 45 0.45 350 No Yes
Structure
FGD Absorber
B35 35 45 0.45 350 No Yes
Pump Pit & Aeration Pit

CW Outfall Seal Pit B35 35 45 0.45 350 No Yes

FGD Absorber
B35 35 45 0.45 350 No Yes
Foundation & Relay Pit
Cooling Water
U/G B35 35 45 0.45 350 No Yes
Discharge Canal
Boiler Foundation &
B30 30 37 0.45 325 No Yes
Pedestal

STG Pedestal & Fdn. B35 35 45 0.45 350 No Yes

Turbine Bldg. B30 30 37 0.45 325 No Yes

Other Bldgs. B30 30 37 0.45 325 No Yes

STG Pedestal & Deck B35 35 45 0.45 350 No No

A/G Turbine Bldg. B30 30 37 0.45 325 No No

Other Bldgs. B30 30 37 0.45 325 No No

Reinforced Concrete for

Maritime B35 35 45 0.45 350 No Yes
Crown Wall
Infra
Structure Artificial Concrete Block B30 30 37 0.45 350 No Yes

5.2.2 Reinforcement

The reinforcing bars shall conform to the requirements of Moroccan Standard NM.01.4.097

Fe500 and FeE500S with yield strength of 500Mpa or ASTM A615 Grade 60 or equivalent.
Fe500S shall be used where welding is required. Welded wire mesh shall be in conformance
with ASTM A185 or equivalent.

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6.0 SEISMIC STUDY

6.1 Analysis of the Seismic Hazard

The analysis of the seismic hazard of Jorf Lyhoudi power plant site has allowed to assess the

maximum magnitudes possible generated by local and regional sources. The maximum
magnitudes of local faults reach magnitudes between 5.5 and 6.8. Whereas Atlantic sources such
as the Gorringe ridge, may produce a maximum possible magnitude of approximately 8.5;
For the future Power Plant, the Maximum Foreseeable Loss (MFL) with a magnitude of M=5.5 at a
distance of seven kilometers from the study site. This MFL may produce a deterministic maximum
acceleration of 22 % of g on the future power plant site. This event could possibly be generated

once every ten thousand years by one of the faults passing by the immediate vicinity of the future
power plant site at an epicentral distance of a few kilometers only.
In trying to consider a much shorter life period for the structure, and using the probabilistic

approach, the data were insufficient to calculate the operating basis earthquake (OBE).
We recommend taking as maximum foreseeable loss (MFL), a magnitude of M5.5, as a reference
earthquake. If a similar event were to occur, it would be located at an epicentral distance of 7.0 km
from the center of Jorf Lyhoudi Power Plant and would generate an acceleration of approximately
of 20 % of g. We therefore suggest taking this value as maximum credible earthquake (MCF) with
an acceleration of 22% of g.
The geological study of mantlerock present in the area of Jorf Lyhoudi can be subdivided into five
different lithostratigraphic units that are from bottom to top: U1, U2, U3, U4 and U5. These
formations are essentially identical to those found in the site of Bir El Har and form continuity with

some few lateral variations of facies. These quaternary mantlerocks covering the Jurassic
substratum reach a thickness going from 20 to 25 m at the center of the study area. Apart from the
more recent unit (U5) composed of unconsolidated Aeolian sand, all units are composed of more or
less consolidated sediments and relatively compacts.
The study of seismic topography Jorf Lyhoudi site has allowed to calculate Vs30 velocities, which
made possible to classify the soil of this site in type A according to Euro-code or of type S1

according to RPS2000.
Based on accelerometer recordings of Al Hoceima earthquake, we suggest the adoption of a ratio
of ½ between the vertical and horizontal acceleration. This would indicate a maximum vertical
acceleration of 10% of g for Jorf Lyhoudi Power plant.

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6.2 Seismic Load

All buildings and structures shall be designed and adopt necessary earthquake design criteria
provided in the UBC-1997, and also comply with the Moroccan Earthquake Code (RPS2011). The
more stringent sections of each code shall apply.
According to the UBC-1997, Seismic important factor is different in each building. Seismic zone is 3
and Seismic zone factor is Z=0.30. Soil profile type is Sc.

According to the RPS 2011, Building Class is different in each building. Site Class is S2 and
Seismic Zone is 2.
The code comparison is as follows: (Site Class S2)

In case of all Period, RPS 2011 is more stringent than UBC 97.
Therefore, The Seismic Load shall be calculated in accordance with the Moroccan Earthquake
Code (RPS 2011). Based on RPS 2011, lateral seismic force (F) shall be as follows.
F = υSDIW/K
Where,
υ = The Velocity Coefficient of Areas = 0.10 (Zone2)
S = The Coefficient of the Site = 1.2 (S2)
D = Dynamic Amplification Factor
Za/Zv T ≤ 0.25 0.25 < T < 0.50 0.50 ≤ T

1 D = 2.5 D = -2.4T + 3.1 D = 1.20 / (T)2/3

T = 0.09 H / (L)0.5
Za = The Acceleration Seismic Zone = 2
Zv = The Velocity Seismic Zone = 2
Where, H = Height of the structure

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L = Length of the structure

I = The Priority Coefficient = 1.3 (Class Ⅰ)
W = Weight of the structure

K = The Behavior Factor = 2 (υ ≤ 0.10 & Class Ⅰ)

7.0 CIVIL WORK DESIGN

7.1 Earthwork Design

7.1.1 Stripping

Stripping shall include the grubbed of all stumps, large roots, other objectionable materials and
decayed vegetable matter, to the depth of 150mm (or more) below natural grade.

7.1.2 Recommended Slope Gradient and Factor of Safety for Cut & Fill Slope

Unless otherwise specified, cut and fill slope shall be in accordance with the following table.

• Cut & Fill Slope

Permanent Temporary
Type of Ground Layer
Cut Fill Cut

Sandy Soil, Sandy Clay 1.0(V) : 1.0~1.5(H) 1.0(V) : 1.5~1.8 1.0(V) : 1.0~1.5(H)

Weathered Rock 1.0(V) : 0.7~1.5(H) 1.0(V) : 1.5~1.8 1.0(V) : 0.5~1.0(H)

Sandstone, Limestone 1.0(V) : 0.5~1.5(H) 1.0(V) : 1.5~1.8 1.0(V) : 0.3~1.0(H)

• Factor of Safety
Loading
Wet Dry Seismic Temporary
Condition
Min. Safety
1.50 1.20 1.15 1.25
Factor

7.1.3 Sloping and Benching for Excavation of Underground Facility

This article contains specifications for sloping and benching when used as methods of
protecting employees working in excavations from cave-ins.
The actual slope shall not be steeper than the maximum allowable slope when there are signs
of distress. If that situation occurs, the slope shall be cut back to an actual slope which is at
least 1/2 horizontal to one vertical (0.5H:1.0V) less steep than the maximum allowable slope.
When surcharge loads from stored material or equipment, operating equipment, or traffic are
present, a competent person shall determine the degree to which the actual slope must be
reduced below the maximum allowable slope, and shall assure that such reduction is achieved.

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• Maximum Allowable Slopes

Maximum Allowable Slopes

Soil or Rock Type
for Less Than 6m Deep

Stable Rock Vertical (90o)

Soil 1.0 (V) : 0.50 (H) ~ 1.5 (H)

Notes :
1. If the cutting in soft soil is over 1.5m, a shoring will be provided.
2. Regarding the soil condition, excavation slope can be adjusted.
3. A short-term maximum allowable slope of 1.0 (V) : 0.5 (H) (63 degrees) is allowed in
excavations in soil that are 3.6m or less in depth. Short term maximum allowable slopes for
excavations greater than 3.6m in depth shall be 1.0 (V) : 0.75 (H) (53 degrees).
4. Sloping or benching for excavations greater than 6m deep shall be designed by a
professional engineer

7.1.4 Backfill

Minimum fill compaction shall be as follows

Percentage Compaction
Area
(ASTM D1557)
Structural Fills 95

Upper 3 m of fills supporting structures (See Note 1.) 95

Deeper fills supporting structures 95

Upper 1 m of fills supporting roads or pavement 95

Deeper fills supporting roads or pavement 90

Drainage facilities (dikes, ditches, etc.) 90

General Fills 90

General site fills 90

Material storage area fills 90

Spill Containment Areas 90

Dikes for ponds (See Note 2.) 90

Roads 95

Notes:
1. Structures include items such as plant equipment, buildings, switchyard equipment, tanks,
walls, retaining walls, and any other structures or equipment that are sensitive to settlement
2. Granular materials shall not be used for dike construction unless the dikes are provided with
an interior lining or other method of liquid containment

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3. For roads, apply 95% compaction or compact according to AASHTO

7.2 Reinforced Concrete Design

7.2.1 Stability

For purposes of design, every structure and foundation shall be designed to resist the
overturning, hydrostatic uplift and sliding effects caused by applied forces. Stability analyses
shall be performed by superimposing all appropriate loads for each of the conditions being

investigated in accordance with standard engineering practice as governed by applicable codes

and standards. Listed below are the required minimum factors of safety for each type of stability
analysis:
Type of Analysis S.F

Uplift (wind, seismic, hydrostatic) 1.5

Overturning (wind, seismic or other) 1.5

Sliding (wind, seismic or other) 1.5

Temporary uplift (buoyancy) 1.1

7.2.2 Friction Factor

The following coefficients for static friction shall be used for different material combinations.
Material Friction factor

Steel on steel 0.3

Steel on concrete 0.4

Concrete on concrete 0.7

Concrete on soil
(water proofing membrane laid under 0.3
foundation)
Concrete on soil
0.6
(other foundation)
Riprap on riprap 0.8

7.2.3 Settlement

1) Spread Footing and Mat Foundation

All the foundation shall be designed for the total and differential settlements not to exceed 25
mm for spread footings and 50 mm for mat foundations (J, E, Bowles (2009) Foundation
Analysis Design).

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Foundation Type Maximum Settlement, mm

Spread Footing 25

Mat Type 50

2) Tank Foundation
Uniform settlement for tank foundation creates no threat to the structural integrity of tanks.
However, differential settlement is very important to secure the tank stability. Allowable
settlement of tank foundation should be followed as below.
Differential Settlement Standard Allowable Settlement

Centre to Edge BS 7777 (Part 7.5.4) R / 300

Tilting BS 7777 (Part 7.5.4) D / 500

Tank Periphery
API 653 (Appendix B) Smax = (L2 x Ys x 11 ) / {2 ( E x H)}
(Max. 10m distance)

7.2.4 Concrete Cover

The following minimum concrete cover shall be provided for reinforcement.

• Cast-in-place Concrete

1) Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth and seawater = 80 mm

2) Concrete exposed to earth or weather:
• D20 through D40 = 50 mm

• D16, wire and smaller = 40 mm

3) Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with earth:
• Slabs, walls, joists
- D40 bar = 40mm
- D32 bar and smaller = 20mm
• Beams and columns (to primary reinforcements, ties, stirrups, spirals) = 40 mm
• Shells, Folded plate members
- D20 bar and larger = 20mm
- D16 bar, wire and smaller = 13mm

7.2.5 Equipment Foundations

Pertinent information about equipment such as the footprints, weights, anchorage requirements,
nature of equipment, whether rotating or vibrating, static or dynamic loading criteria or any

special recommendations by equipment manufacturers shall be considered in the design of

foundations. In general, equipment shall be supported on mat-type or spread footing type
foundations.

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The steam turbine generator shall be supported by a pedestal type foundation. Supports and
foundations for vibrating equipment shall be designed to limit vibrations to an acceptable level.
Also, they shall be reinforced with no less than ACI minimum temperature and shrinkage

reinforcing. Foundations for transformers shall be constructed of reinforced concrete. Spill

containment curbs shall be provided for oil-filled transformers as required by the applicable
codes and regulations and the area shall be drained to an oil separator.
The Contractor shall perform dynamic analysis for the following rotating equipment foundations:
• Turbine Generator
• Boiler Feed Pumps
• Diesel Generator
• Coal Mills
• ID, FD and PA Fans

• Compressor

7.2.6 Boiler, Turbine, Precipitator, Silo Bay, Administration Building, Control Room, Demineralization
Building, Chimney Area, etc.

As a minimum, the boiler, turbine, precipitator, FGD system, silo bay, administration building,
control room, all other buildings, and flue gas exhaust chimney shall be supported on reinforced
concrete foundations. A reinforced concrete grade slab shall be provided when required. Spill
containment areas, including dikes, sumps, trenches and drains shall be designed for
equipment such as the boiler feed pumps, blowdown pumps and the blowdown tanks.
AII floor-mounted equipment in the area of the major equipment shall be mounted on 150 mm

high concrete pads. The air and gas ductwork shall be supported on a steel framework. The
design of the air and flue gas ductwork shall be as required to support the loading. Service
galleries shall be provided to obtain access to the equipment and inspection doors in the
equipment. AII structural steel shall be coated as specified elsewhere in this specification. AII
grating for galleries and stairs shall be galvanized steel.

7.2.7 Transformer Foundations

Transformers shall be founded on suitable, reinforced concrete foundations within a reinforced

concrete pit. The transformer areas shall be fenced with lockable access gates. Blast walls
extending one meter above the highest part of the transformer shall be provided between

adjacent transformers. A two-Hour fire barrier of appropriate height shall be provided between
any transformer and any building in accordance with NFPA recommendations/requirements.
The net volume of the pit (or pits) shall be sufficient to retain the spillage of the total volume of

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the oil in the transformer plus 24-Hour storm water or 30 minutes of deluge fire water, whichever
is the greater. A 300mm freeboard shall be incorporated into the design for these emergency
conditions.

7.2.8 Switching Area

Switching area foundations may be caissons or concrete footings as appropriate for the
component.

7.2.9 Material Handling Equipment Foundations

Foundations for the coal handling system and other material handling facilities shall be
supported on suitable reinforced concrete foundations designed for the loading that they will

experience.

7.2.10 Chimney

The chimney consists of a reinforced concrete shaft and two steel inner flues. Each flue is
dedicated to a unit. (If more cost effective, the Contractor may propose an alternate for one
chimney with one steel liner flue per Unit, both of the height indicated below.) The steel flue will
be lined with a corrosion resistant liner or have sufficient thickness for corrosion allowance
suitable for the flue gas chemistry and temperature. Chimney flue shall be a wet stack design.
Access galleries will be provided for services of equipment and lighting. The specification of
chimney shall be as follows

• The diameter and height of the reinforced concrete shell (to be confirmed by the Contractor
in final design):
- At bottom : approximately 25m

- Shaft at top : approximately 15m

- Height above ground : minimally 200 m
• The Inner flue material : Steel Liner + Borosilicate Glass Block or S-TEN

The chimney will be founded on a reinforced concrete mat foundation. A man lift to the
continuous monitoring platform shall be provided. The design of the chimney shell shall be in
accordance with ACI 307 Standard.

7.3 Road & Paving Design

7.3.1 Road

The roadways shall be designed according to the requirements of the American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and of the Asphalt Institute (AI).

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The roadways shall be designed in accordance with AASHTO HS-20 loading of half trailers with
added impact. The parking areas for cars and light utility vehicles shall be designed in
accordance with AASHTO H-10 loading.

Road longitudinal slope shall be maximum 7%, and transversal slope shall be between 1.0%
and 2.0%.
The design criteria of roads shall be as following tables.

• Road Surface
Class Surfacing
1 Asphalt
2 Asphalt
3 Asphalt
4 Crushed rock or gravel
Description
Primary roads subject to a high volume of highway-
legal truck load vehicular traffic.
Primary maintenance roads subject to loads from off
highway vehicles and high traffic volume.
Secondary maintenance roads subject to loads from
off highway vehicles and medium to light traffic
volume.
Permanent roads subject to off-highway vehicles and
light traffic volume.

• Road Use
Class Description

1 Plant access road

2 Road within the power block

3 Road to main parking lot

3 Road serving buildings and water treatment areas

3 Road serving operating areas, roads into buildings and garages

4 Road to makeup water pump house

4 Road within switchyard

• Road Geometry and Design Speed

Total Lanes Shoulders Speed
Class
Width (m) Number Width (m) Number Width (m) (Km/h)

1 7 2 3.5 2 1.5 25

2 6 2 3.0 2 1.0 25

3 6 2 3.0 2 1.0 25

4 3.5 1 3.5 2 1.0 25

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7.3.2 Paving & Lining

Area paving shall comply with following table.

Paving Area Thickness (m)
100mm
Light Duty
(with wire mesh)
Concrete
200mm
Heavy Duty
(with wire mesh)
Crushed Stone or Gravel Yard 100mm
Chemical spill containment
150mm concrete
compounds
Oil transformer spill Graded rock fill
Lining Protection containment compounds over 150mm concrete
600mm clay or
Coal pile area
HDPE sheet (t=2mm)
CW Discharge Canal 170mm concrete

7.4 Drainage Design

7.4.1 Drainage Philosophy

The Plant shall be provided with the following drainage systems as follows.

7.4.1.1 Clean Storm Water System

Clean storm water shall be discharged outside of the Site. Storm water runoff will be
collected by a series of swales and arterial drains. Culverts or pipe (PVC, RCP etc.,) shall
be provided where roads cross drainage paths.

7.4.1.2 Industrial Waste Drainage System

The industrial oily waste drainage system serves the overall drainage of floors & equipment
in general industrial areas throughout the buildings. Inside the buildings, to the extent
possible, all drainage shall be run by gravity. Where relative elevations do not permit
gravity flow, sump pumps shall be provided.
The industrial waste water shall be collected in pits and pumped to an oil/water separator.
Contaminated storm water runoff is storm water collected from areas that contain
hydrocarbons or chemicals and is directed to the waste water treatment system.
Contaminated water in coal pile area shall be drained to coal yard settling pond & coal

runoff treatment system.

7.4.1.3 Chemical Waste Drainage System

The chemical waste drainage system serves the water treatment area and other areas
where chemicals are stored or handled. The waste shall be drained to a dedicated

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chemical sump and pumped to the neutralization tank for treatment. In remote areas, such
as the battery rooms or laboratories where acids are stored or used, the waste shall
be directed to local acid neutralizing basins and then discharged following treatment.

The waste water from boiler chemical cleaning shall be discharged outside of the Site by a
road tanker of the waste material disposal company, and therefore shall not be treated by
the waste treatment system in the Plant. However chemical rinse water for boiler may be
transferred and treated at the waste water treatment system.

7.4.1.4 Sanitary Sewer System & Sanitary Wastewater Treatment

The sanitary wastes will run by gravity or pressurized piping systems and will be collected

in sewage treatment unit or septic system. The waste from these pits will be treated and the
treated liquids will be pumped outside the site in compliance with local and IFC regulations.
No existing sewage collection system is available outside the site.

The sanitary waste sewer network from each building shall be constructed with PVC pipes.

7.4.2 Design Rainfall

• Maximum Monthly Rainfall = 280.7mm/month (Nov. 1996)

• Rainfall Intensity (I) = 108mm/hr (assumed via Jorf Lasfar Power Plant data)

7.4.3 Material

The site drainage system shall be through U-ditch, swale or piping line.

7.4.4 Surface Water Drainage

Drainage of rainwater shall be calculated by the following rational formula.

Q = 1 / 360 · C · I · A

where,
Q = Run-off volume (m3/sec)
C = Run-off coefficient
I = Intensity of rainfall (mm/hr)
A = Catchment area (ha)
Run-off coefficient "C" represents the percent of direct runoff of rainfall.
Typical values for runoff coefficients are listed below.

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Area Runoff Coefficient, C

Pavement, roads and parking lots 0.9

Compacted marl or open rocky areas 0.8

Commercial or Community Services areas 0.7

Residential areas 0.6

Parks and open sandy areas 0.3

Coal Yard 0.15

7.4.5 Hydraulic Design

Q = A ∙ V = A ∙ 1/n ∙ R 2/3 ∙ S 0.5 - - - - Manning’s Equation

where,

Q : Quantity of Run-off (m3/sec)

A = Cross-sectional area of the water in the drainage ditch (m2)

V = Design flow velocity (m/sec)

R = Hydraulic radius (m)

S = Hydraulic gradient (m/m)

n = Roughness coefficient

Roughness Coefficients "n" for Circular Pipes in Manning's Equation :

Material Roughness Coefficient, n

GRP, PVC Pipe 0.011

Reinforced Concrete Pipe 0.013

Concrete Ditch, Swale and Canal 0.014

Carbon Steel Pipe 0.011

7.5 Security System Design

7.5.1 Fence

The double security fence shall be installed along the site boundary limit. Each fence shall be a
3m high PVC coated chain link fence topped with 0.6m high “V” extension for 8 strands of
barbed wire and separated by a minimum of 6m security distance.

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7.5.2 Gate

The main gate shall be 3m high by 10m wide double swing gates with eight strands of barbed
wire. The gate across the main road shall be a motor-operated cantilever gate or overhead
sliding gate.
Two emergency exits shall be located at the north end and the south end of the property.

7.6 Circulating Water System

7.6.1 CW Intake System

7.6.1.1 CW Intake Type

The CW intake facility for main plant cooling will utilize water from the Atlantic Ocean. The

ocean water will pass through an open area between a new breakwater and shoreline.

7.6.1.2 CW Intake Structure

Conventional type concrete structure including bay (the upstream area of the intake
structure), stop log, screens and pump chamber.

7.6.2 CW Discharge System

7.6.2.1 CW Discharge Type

The used seawater will be returned to sea at the temperature of max. 30℃ which is the
maximum allowable seawater return temperature by the Moroccan regulation.
The seawater return line will be delivered to the CW outfall seal pit from where the return

seawater will flow out by gravity flow to the sea surface elevation at shoreline.

7.6.2.2 FGD Pit Structure

Conventional type concrete structure including seal pit, FGD absorber pump pit and FGD
aeration pit.

7.6.2.3 CW Discharge Canal

The used seawater will flow from FGD pit structure to discharge outfall structure near

shoreline via open canal with concrete lined or reinforced concrete. Allowable velocity of
open channel will be designed of less than 3.0m/sec.

7.6.3 Maritime Infrastructure and Associated Structure

7.6.3.1 Intake Breakwater

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This structure is aimed to protect intake structure from wave attack and inflow of sediment.
Intake breakwater consists of an outer breakwater and small counter-breakwater.

7.6.3.2 Outfall Breakwater

This structure is aimed to protect discharge outlet structure from wave attack. It will be
located about 1700 metres to the South of the intake structure and protected by small
breakwaters perpendicular to the shoreline.

7.6.3.3 CW Intake Forebay

Dredging and rock removal at the forebay of the CW intake structure (“forebay” means the
area upstream of the intake structure for intake canal) shall induce to maintain a maximum
flow velocity of 0.5meters/second into the intake structure (except at the screens, where the
flow velocity will be above 0.5m/s)

7.6.3.4 CW Discharge Outlet

This structure aims to dissipate waterfall energy, to protect sea shoreline bottom erosion
and to spread well warm seawater into sea.

7.6.3.5 Design of Breakwater

Breakwater structure shall be designed by 50 year return period design wave considering
40 years of plant design life.
• Type of structure:

Rubble mound with one or two layer system with crown wall.
• Overtopping:
The criteria for overtopping over Breakwater are proposed as per below table, which came
from The Rock Manual (Table 5.4) and CEM (p.VI-5-6)
The Rock Manual (Table 5.4) and CEM (p.VI-5-6).
Description q (m3/s per m length)
Revetment seawalls
No damage q < 0.05 (To be used in design)
Damage if promenade not protected 0.05 < q < 0.2
Damage even if promenade protected q > 0.2
• Safety factor for circular arc slip surface for eccentric and inclined loads
The minimum safety factor against circular arc slip surface shall be 1.3 under ordinary
condition and 1.1 under seismic condition

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8.0 STRUCTURAL WORK DESIGN

8.1 Design of Structural Steel Members

The steel structures shall be designed, specified and installed in accordance with the requirements

of AISC specifications. Construction steel must be of the mild carbon-steel type according to ASTM
A36, ASTM A572 Grade50 with special requirements per AISC Technical Bulletin #3, dated March
1997 or equivalent. The structural bolts for the main connections must be the ASTM A325, ASTM
A490, ASTM F1852 (Twist Off Type) high-strength bolts for anti-slip connection or equivalent.
Adequate wind bracing shall be provided to resist the lateral forces due to wind, seismic, etc. All
the beams and columns shall have assembled connections. Connections to beams concerning a

given element shall be designed in accordance with the actual reaction forces applicable to this
element, to the extent that the minimum reaction of the beams must be considered as being half of
the maximum allowable uniformly distributed load that the beams can support (given their bending

and shear characteristics) with its compressed soleplate completely supported laterally. When
axial forces develop in floor members, the connections for these members shall develop the axial
load in conjunction with the appropriate shear load for the design. Pull-out forces shall be
considered for connecting bolts and angles. Moment connections must be designed to sustain the
design moment or the complete capacity of the element in terms of moment.
Deflection of supporting steel members under design loads shall not exceed the following limits
except where required by plant layout, equipment clearances or code.
Member Allowable Deflection

Structural beams and girders 1/300 of span

Roof beams and girders 1/300 of span

Girts (general) 1/180 of span

Girts adjacent to window openings 1/240 of span

Per the International Building
Lateral drift due to seismic Code
1/200 of height (general)
Crane rail and girder deflections Per CMAA
Shall not exceed 1/200 of eave
Drift at eaves height or the governing
building code requirement

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The minimum depth/length ratio of various steel components shall be as follows:

Member Depth/Length ratio

Gable columns and fully stressed roof purlins 1/32

Girts 1/40

Fully stressed roof and floor beams 1/16

Trusses 1/10

Steel surface shall be painted for corrosion protection in accordance with the relevant painting
specifications. Miscellaneous steel such as steel galleries and supports, checked plate, steel
grating, etc. shall be hot dip galvanized in accordance with the ASTM A123.

8.2 Foundation of Steam Turbines and Generators

The calculation shall be in compliance with the ACI 318 “Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete”, ACI 351.2 “Foundations for Static Equipment” and ACI 351.3 “Foundations for Dynamic
Equipment”
The structural model consists of beam/plates elements on springs simulating the ground interface.

The following load cases are operation cases with the following loads:
• Static load
• Dynamic load due to steady state torque

• Dynamic load due to acceptable unbalance

• Thermal load due to thermal expansion
The following load cases are emergency cases:

• Dynamic load due to abnormal unbalance

• Short circuit
• Faulty synchronization load
The scope of the analysis is to verify that deformations of the foundation are compatible with the
allowable tolerances for the machine and the stresses of reinforced concrete are within the
allowable values of “Design of Large Steam Turbine-Generator Foundations” by ASCE or ISO
1940-1.

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