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Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 901 – 905

Analysis of the Method for Furnace Thermal Calculation with

Radiation Intensity Attenuation
Jinfeng Ma, Youning XU,Shuqun Wang,Junrui Shi,Hongtao Li,Zhijia Xue,
Jitang Liu
Department of Energy ˂Thermal Power Engineering,Shenyang Institute of Engineering,Shenyang 110136ˈChina

Abstract
k R / 4F
Based on the network method for radiant heat transfer, a radiant space resistance e 1 was proposed , the

radiant heat transfer network diagrams which subjects to the radiation attenuation was given in this paper, this
method is helpful to accurately analyze the zero-dimensional radiant heat transfer. Simulation results show that, due
k R / 4 F1
to the radiant space resistance e , the total thermal resistance between the flame and the water wall surface is
degraded, radiation attenuation from the flame center to water wall surface should not be ignored. It is also shown
that ,when the radiation attenuation is involved, the furnace outlet flue gas temperature utilizing the furnace
H syn
blackness f is more accurate than the Soviet Union 1973 calculation standard.

© 2012
© 2011Published
Published by Elsevier
by Elsevier Ltd. Selection
Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review
and/or peer-review under responsibility
under responsibility of [name organizer]
of Hainan University.
Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Keyword:radiant heat transfer˗radiant space resistance˗furnace blackness˗furnace outlet flue gas temperature

1.Introduction

Up to now ,the Soviet Union 1973 calculation standard has been used to simulate furnace heat
transfer in the domestic boilers [1-4].The furnace outlet flue gas temperature calculated with 73 standard
method was significantly less than actual value of furnace outlet flue gas temperature in 300MW and
600MW units because this approach overestimated the furnace heat transfer. References [5,6] proposed
amendments of the furnace radiant heat transfer equations with the absorption and scattering effect of
solid particles from the flame center to the water wall surface . In this study, based on the radiant heat
transfer network method, radiant space resistance was analyzed and the radiant heat transfer network
diagram was given. The furnace outlet flue gas temperature of the HG-670/140-7 boiler was calculated
and the influence of the absorption and scattering effect on radiant heat transfer was analyzed.

1876-6102 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Hainan University.
Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.185
902 Jitang Liu / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 901 – 905

2.Analysis Method of Furnace Radiation Heat Transfer Calculation with Radiation Intensity
Attenuation

In addition to high temperature gas, the dispersion of suspended particles, such as carbon black,
carbon particles and fly ash involve in heat transfer by the absorption, emission and scattering effect in
pulverized coal combustion space.
The tangent plane with the water wall is a imaginary flame with the average surface temperature of
the flame radiation, the radiation equation between two parallel plates is being used in the calculation of
furnace radiation heat transfer. the distance between hypothetical flame surface and the heated surface
(water wall plane) is so small that this approach is consistent with the conditions which the optical
density is very small [5,6].
Due to the absorption and scattering effect, there is a big radiation intensity (temperature) gradient
cross section of the furnace from the center to water wall surface. In order to determine the radiation
intensity along the furnace cross section, based on complex mathematical treatment by Robert [7], the
value of radiation reduction was derived between the radius of the half cylinder (corresponding to the
average radiation intensity of furnace flame) to the water wall [5,6]
1
'E b E b1  E b' 1 ke R qR (1)
4
-1
Where, ke - total radiation exiction coefficient, m
R - equivalent furnace diameter, m
-2
qR - furnace heat transfer per unit area, kW·m .
After finishing, radiant heat transfer equation between the furnace flame and water wall surface with
absorption, radiation and scattering media as follow [5,6]:
V 0T14  V 0T24 (2)
qR
1 1 1
ke R   1
4 H1 H 2
From the formula(2), a comprehensive flame blackness was defined to describe the influnce of
absorption and scattering effect on the flame radiation intensity:
H1 (3)
H syn
1
k e RH 1  1
4
Where H 1 - medium emissivity
Using the furnace blackness H fsyn with radiation attenuation, the formula of furnace outlet flue gas
temperature which is the Soviet Union 1973 calculation standard without radiation attenuation effect
considered can be rewritten as [5,6]:
Ta (4)
-l''  273
syn 3 0. 6
§ V 0 H f Al\ pjTa ·
M¨ ¸ 1
¨ B jMVC ¸
© ¹
Where H fsyn -furnace blackness
H syn
H fsyn (5)
H syn  (1  H syn )\ pj

Where \ pj - average thermal effective coefficient

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 Jitang Liu / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 901 – 905 903

3.Analysis of Radiant Heat Transfer Networks with Radiation Attenuation Considered

Analysis of radiant heat transfer is similar to electricity network. Blackbody radiation is an active
node, the effective surface radiation is passive node, the problem of radiant heat transfer can be solved
with Kirchhoff's laws. Because the solution of the small network can be written with parameter form,
radiant heat transfer network is convenient to analyze the zero-dimensional model [8,9].
The tangent plane with the water wall area is the flame surface, defined H 1 as the equivalent emission
emissivity for the flame, F1 as equivalent area for the flame, m2 radiant heat transfer network diagram
with two gray surface between flame surface and water wall shown in Figure 1.

Fig.1 Radiant heat transfer network between the flame and the water wall
From the formula (1), (2),the flame radiation intensity is degraded due to the absorption and
scattering effect, a radiant space resistance k e R / 4 F1 was defined in this study,heat transfer network
diagram with the radiation intensity attenuation shown in Figure 2.

Fig.2 Radiant heat transfer network diagram

4.Simulation Results and Analysis

In this study,the thermal calculation has been finished at rated operating conditions in HG-670/140-7
boiler,the calculation results shown in Table 1. When the value of surface-emitting is 0.8, water wall
fouling resistance is 4m2·ć·kW-1,the simulation results which include the furnace blackness, the furnace
outlet flue gas temperature, average temperature of flame and the water wall surface temperature with
radiant exiction coefficient ke shown in Figure 3,4. Calculation results also include the Soviet Union 1973
standard method without radiation attenuation effect considered.

Table ĉ. CALCULATION RESULTS OF FURNACE OUTLET FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE

Without radiation With radiation

Parameter
attenuation attenuation
Furnace volume
4455ǂǂ 4455 ҏ
/ m3
Radiation heat area
2668 2668
/ m2
Calculation of fuel
47.795 47.795
consumption / kg·s-1
Flame emissivity 0.965 0.55
Furnace blackness 0.984 0.731
Furnace exit flue gas
1069 1157
temperature /ć
Tableĉ results show that the furnace outlet flue gas temperature with radiation attenuation
considered which is closer to the actual value is greater than the Soviet Union 1973 standard method .

3
904 Jitang Liu / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 901 – 905

Since the absorption and scattering effect considered, the radiation resistance k e R / 4 F1 was
defined,the total thermal resistance between furnace flame and water wall becomes greater,while the
furnace radiant heat transfer becomes smaller and furnace outlet flue gas temperature becomes greater. As
a result,furnace outlet flue gas temperature with radiation attenuation considered is more accurate.

1.0

0.9
ZLWKRXWUDGLDWLRQDWWHQXDWLRQ
IXUQDFHEODFNQHVV ZLWKUDGLDWLRQDWWHQXDWLRQ
0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4
1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30

UDGLDQWH[LFWLRQFRHIILFLHQWm-1

Fig.3 The furnace emissivity with different radiant exiction coefficient

1300

1200
temperature (ć)

furnace outlet temperature

1100
average flame temperature
average water wall temperature
1000

900

800

1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30

-1
radiant exiction coefficient ( m )

Fig.4 The average temperature with different radiant exiction coefficient

Figures 3 ,4 results show that on the same conditions, the furnace blackness with radiation
attenuation considered is less than the Soviet Union standard 1973 method without radiation attenuation
considered.because of the radiation attenuation involved, with the change of radiant exiction coefficient ke,
furnace blackness , furnace outlet temperature and average flame temperature become greater, the average
water wall temperature becomes smaller, but the magnitude of change is not large. As a usual,total radiant
exiction coefficient ke is (1.25̚1.30)ka in the boiler furnace, total radiant exiction coefficient ke can be
equal to 1.28ka,,which has little error from the actual calculation.

5.Conclusions

Based on the network method for radiant heat transfer, a radiant space resistance keR/4F1 was
proposed, the radiant heat transfer between the flame and the water wall is weakened due to the space

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 Jitang Liu / Energy Procedia 17 (2012) 901 – 905 905

resistance keR/4F1. The radiant heat transfer network diagrams with radiation attenuation was
given ,which is convenient to study zero-dimensional radiant heat transfer .
Simulation results show that, the furnace outlet flue gas temperature becomes greater using the
furnace blackness with radiation attenuation involved,compared with the Soviet Union 1973 standard
formula without radiation attenuation considered,the radiant heat transfer between the flame and the
water wall is weakened due to absorption and scattering effect.In the end,the radiation attenuation from
flame center to surface should not be ignored in the zero-dimensional calculation model .

References

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