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Epithelial tissue- covers and protects surfaces both outside and inside the body.
Mostly composed of cells.
Covers body surface.
Distinct cell surfaces
Cell and matrix connection- bind adjacent epithelial cells together.
Nonvascular- do not penetrate the basement membrane to reach the epithelium.
Capable of regeneration- has the ability to replace damage.
Functions:
Protecting underlying structures.
Acting as a barrier- preventing from toxic molecules.
Permitting the passage of substances-permits other substance to move through
Secreting substances- secrete products into ducts that carry them to other areas of the body.
Absorbing substance- contains proteins which regulate the absorption of materials.
Classification:
Simple epithelium- single layer of cells, extending from the basement to the free surface.
Stratified epithelium- more than one layer of cells but only basal layer attaches the deepest
layer to the basement.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium- appears to be stratified but it’s not. Consist of one
layer of cell with all cells attached to the basement.
3 types of epithelium
Squamous- cells are flat; diffusion, filtration, some secretion and some protection against
friction
Cuboidal- cube shape; secretion and absorption
Columnar- tall and thin similar to a column; movement of particles out of the bronchioles.
Cell Connections
Desmosomes- consist of adhesive glocoproteins that bind cells together and intracellular proteins
attached to intermediate filaments that extend into the cytoplasm.
Hemidesmosomes- one half desmosome that attach cells to the basement membrane.
Tight junctions- hold cells together and form a permeability barrier. Formed by proteins in the
membrane of adjacent cells that join one another to make a very tight seal.
Adhesion belt- found below the tight junction that is located between the membrane of adjacent
cells and acts as weak glue that holds cell together.
Gap junction- aid intercellular communication allowing ions and small molecules to pass from one
cell to another.