COMPONENTS OF A GATING SYSTEM

VIT University 1
 GATING SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF GATING SYSTEM
1. To fill the mould cavity completely before freezing.
2. To minimize turbulence which leads to erosion of sand
particles.
3. To remove inclusions.
4. To regulate flow of molten metal.
5. To consume less molten metal- less scrap.
6. To establish directional solidification.

VIT University 2
 GATING SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF GATING SYSTEM
1. To fill the mould cavity completely before freezing.
2. To minimize turbulence which leads to erosion of sand
particles.
3. To remove inclusions.
4. To regulate flow of molten metal.
5. To consume less molten metal- less scrap.
6. To establish directional solidification.

VIT University 3
 GATING SYSTEM

VIT University 4
 GATING SYSTEM
DESIGN OF POURING CUP
1. Pouring cup can be made manually of made by using special
poring cup.
2. To avoid swirling action of molten metal while pouring
rectangular inlet cups are more favourable than circular inlet
cups. However the out let of the cup should be circular.
3. In case of circular poring cups the cups may be provided
with long bars to prevent formation of vortex during pouring.
DESIGN OF SPRUE
1. The size of the sprue should be optimized to limit the flow rate
of molten metal.
2. Vortex formation tendency is higher in case of circular cross
section sprue hence rectangular cross section with same
cross sectional area may be selected. For Smaller casting
circular cross section may be better.
VIT University 5
 GATING SYSTEM DESIGN

VIT University 6
 GATING SYSTEM DESIGN

VIT University 7
 GATING SYSTEM
DESIGN OF SPRUE
3. The height of the sprue may be determined by the casting and
top riser height.
FUNCTION AND DESIGN OF THE RISER
1. It acts as a reservoir of molten metal in the mould to
compensate for the shrinkage during solidification.
2. Indicates the level of molten metal in the cavity.
3. Some time also allows hot gases to escape during
solidification.
Why Design of riser is vital
1. Smaller size riser causes shrinkage defect and the casting has
to be rejected.
2. Oversize riser increases production cost by increasing scarp
and molten metal volume.
3. Hence optimum design of riser is vital.
VIT University 8
 GATING SYSTEM
DESIGN OF THE RISER
1. Volume of the riser must be large enough to fid the entire
shrinkage of the casting.
2. Pressure head from riser should enable complete cavity
filling.
3. It must be placed such a place in a mould so that it enables
directional solidification.
DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION
It is the solidification of molten metal from the sprue to the
mould cavity and then to the riser to produce a casting which is
free from voids and internal cavities is called as the directional
solidification

VIT University 9
 GATING SYSTEM

VIT University 10
 DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION
It is the solidification of molten metal from the sprue to the
mould cavity and then to the riser to produce a casting
which is free from voids and internal cavities is called as the
directional solidification

 Volume 
t  c 
 Surfacearea 
Where t is solidification time, C is a constant that depends up
on the mould material, metal properties and temperature. V is
volume of the casting and S is surface area of the casting.

VIT University 11