9/14/2018

Signal Processing and Communications

(MCT 4338)

DT Exponentials
Dr.-Ing. Wahju Sediono

Department of Mechatronics Engineering

International Islamic University Malaysia
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Acknowledgment

• The following slides are partially adopted

from the lecture “Applied Digital Signal
Processing (MCT 3223)” by Prof. M. J. E.
Salami, Department of Mechatronics
Engineering, IIUM

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Contents

• Continuous-time exponentials
• Discrete-time exponentials

Continuous-Time Exponentials
• The basic signals for continuous-time, harmonically
related exponentials are

sk (t )  e jk0t  e j 2kF0t k  0,1,2,...

• We note that for each value of k, sk(t) is periodic with
period 1/(kF0)=Tp/k or frequency kF0.

• Since a signal that is periodic with period Tp/k is also

periodic with period k(Tp/k) = Tp for any positive integer k,
we see that all of the sk(t) have a common period of Tp.

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Continuous-Time Exponentials
• Hence, a linear combination of harmonically related
complex exponentials can be constructed as
 
xa (t )   c s (t )   c e
k  
k k
k  
k
j 2kF0t

where ck are arbitrary complex constants with k = 0, ±1,

±2,….

• Signal xa(t) is periodic with fundamental period Tp = 1/F0. Its

representation as shown above is called the Fourier series
expansion for xa(t).

• The complex-valued constants ck are the Fourier series

coefficients and the signal sk(t) is called the kth harmonic
of xa(t).

Contents

• Continuous-time exponentials
• Discrete-time exponentials

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Discrete-Time Exponentials
• Since a discrete-time complex exponential is periodic if
its relative frequency is a rational number, we choose f0 =
1/N and we define the sets of harmonically related
complex exponentials by

sk (n)  e j 2 kf0n , k  0,1,2,...

sk  N ( n )  e j 2  n ( k  N ) / N  e j 2  n sk ( n )  sk ( n )
• As in the case of continuous-time signals, it is obvious
that the linear combination
N 1 N 1
x(n)   ck sk (n)   ck e j 2 kn/ N
k 0 k 0
results in a periodic signal with fundamental period N.
This is the Fourier series representation for a periodic
discrete-time sequence with Fourier coefficients ck.