HIIGSI ACADEMY

Assingment
Date 09/09/018

Name:-Ahmed nor Deraaw Daa uud

Tel phones:- 0616685690

G mail. eng.daahiye@gmail.com

Title :- practice planing and Designing

Iam focus only hiraan relogon

 Introduction of GSM
GSM, the Global System for Mobile Communication

1. Introduction: The Evolution of Mobile Telephone Systems

Cellular is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications

applications. Today, it represents a continuously increasing percentage of all new
telephone subscriptions around the world. Currently there are more than 45
million cellular subscribers worldwide, and nearly 50 percent of those subscribers
are located in the United States. It is forecasted that cellular systems using a
digital technology will become the universal method of telecommunications. By
the year 2005, forecasters predict that there will be more than 100 million cellular
subscribers worldwide. It has even been estimated that some countries may have
more mobile phones than fixed phones by the year 2000.

The concept of cellular service is the use of low-power transmitters where

frequencies can be reused within a geographic area. The idea of cell-based mobile
radio service was formulated in the United States at Bell Labs in the early 1970s.
However, the Nordic countries were the first to introduce cellular services for
commercial use with the introduction of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in
1981.

Cellular systems began in the United States with the release of the advanced
mobile phone service (AMPS) system in 1983. The AMPS standard was adopted by
Asia, Latin America, and Oceanic countries, creating the largest potential market
in the world for cellular.

In the early 1980s, most mobile telephone systems were analog rather than
digital, like today's newer systems. One challenge facing analog systems was the
inability to handle the growing capacity needs in a cost-efficient manner. As a
result, digital technology was welcomed. The advantages of digital systems over
analog systems include ease of signaling, lower levels of interference, integration
of transmission and switching, and increased ability to meet capacity demands.
Table 1 charts the worldwide development of mobile telephone systems.

2. GSM

GSM stands for Global System for Mobiles. This is a world-wide standard for
digital cellular telephony, or as most people know them Digital Mobile
Telephones. GSM was created by the Europeans, and originally meant "Groupe
Special Mobile", but this didn't translate well, so the now common more globally
appealing name was adopted. GSM is a published standard by ETSI, and has now
enjoys widespread implementation in Europe, Asia, and increasingly America.

There are many arguments about the relative merits of analogue versus digital,
but for my mind it comes down to this: Analogue sounds better and goes further,
Digital doesn't sound as good, but does a whole lot more.Check out the links page
for sites that have some good discussion on the Digital v Analogue debate.

Examples of what digital can do that analogue doesn't (or doesn't do very well)
are, Fax send & receive, Data calls, and Messaging.

Throughout the evolution of cellular telecommunications, various systems have

been developed without the benefit of standardized specifications. This
presented many problems directly related to compatibility, especially with the
development of digital radio technology. The GSM standard is intended to
address these problems.

From 1982 to 1985 discussions were held to decide between building an analog or
digital system. After multiple field tests, a digital system was adopted for GSM.
The next task was to decide between a narrow or broadband solution. In May
1987, the narrowband time division multiple access (TDMA) solution was chosen.

3. The GSM Network

GSM provides recommendations, not requirements. The GSM specifications

define the functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the
hardware. The reason for this is to limit the designers as little as possible but still
to make it possible for the operators to buy equipment from different suppliers.
The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system (SS),
the base station system (BSS), and the op

eration and support system (OSS).

 Coverage planning
the Region that I would like to Design their coverage is Hiiraan religion hiiran
Region consists of 5 distract including their capital is B/wein. And there are
the distract of hiiraan Region is Buula barde mataban Jallaqsi Ceel cali

the rural is excepts that distract .

the Area of the religion is Area 67 000 km2

Area code(s) 252

The urban of this region is B/wein the area of this urban 9 KM2

The sub urban Area of Buulobarde 4KM2 mataban 7KM2 Jallaqsi 6 KM2

Ceelcali 7 KM2 the total sub urbans Area 5+7+4+6=22 then we add urbans +
sub urbans 22+9=31 KM2

Then the total Area of the region subtracted total area of the unbans=

67000 KM2 -31 KM2 =36 KM2 there fore the rural Area of this region is 36 KM2

After that I started the area covered by each site . at each sites covered by 3km
at K*R2. where k=1.95

The urban area r=3 at K*R2. 1.95(3)2= 17.55 KM.

The total number of sites is 9.000/17.55=512,8=513 sites

The sub urban area R= 8 K= 1.95 K*R2= 1.95(8)2=124.8 KM.

The total number of sites 220000/124.8=173 sites

The rural area r=35 km =1.95(35)2 =2388.75=2389

The total area of the rural area is 36000/2389=15 sites

 CAPACITY PLANE

The band with of this planning is 8MHZ and 1MHZ of them control channel as
to design this region of hiiran . the frequency plane must be to avoid the
interference

Interference may be caused lack of quality and interruption calls and more than
that problems

So I have 8mhz of frequency I need 1 CCH of that 8MHZ

There for 8-3=5MHZ of frequency so that 5MHZ/200KHz= 25khz per channel.

Plane parameters

Design Parameters:-

 Desired S/I=15dB

 Path loss exponent, n=4 ( dense urban like B/wein)

What is the required reuse factor?

Solution:
First try N=4
S 1
  1
n
 3.46   24.0  13.80 dB
4
D  3.46   3N 
R I 6 6
Since this is less than the desired 15 dB, we must move to the next higher reuse
distance

First try N=7

S 1
  1
n
 4.58  73.5  18.66 dB
4
D  4.58   3N 
R I 6 6

Since this is greater than the desired 15 dB, the required reuse factor N=7.

Desired S/I=15dB

Path loss exponent, n=3 ( suburban like Buula barde)

 What is the required reuse factor?

Solution .

First try N=7

S 1
  1
n
 4.58  16.04  12.05 dB
3
D  4.58   3N 
R I 6 6

Since this is less than the desired 15 dB, we must move to the next higher reuse
distance.

First try N=12

S 1
  1 3
n
D
R
6   3N   6   36  15.56 dB
I 6 6
Since this is greater than the desired 15 dB, the required reuse factor N=12.

Planning S/I=15dB

Path loss exponent, n=2 ( Rural are like Baadiyaha)

What is the required reuse factor?

Solution

First try N=12

S 1
  1 2
n
D
R
6   3N   6   6  7.78 dB
I 6 6
 TRX FUNCTION AND THEIR CONFIGRATION

URBANS (s33).
Cell ID BTS name Sector A Sector B Sector C
01 B/WEIN SUQA 1,3,5 7,9,11 13,15,17
XOOLHA
02 B/WEIN shirkdaha 2,4,6 8 ,10,12 14,16,18
03 B/WEIN suuqa wyn 20 22,24 26,28,30 32.34.36
04 B/WEIN isbartibo 38,40,42 44 ,46,48, 50,52,54
05 B/WEIN xfdaha 56.59, 61 58,61,65 67,69,71
galbed
06 B/wein xafdaha 73,76.79 81,83,85 82,86,88
bari
Sub urban s22
Cell ID BTS name Sector A Sector B Sector C
07 Buula barde A 1,3 2,4 6,8
08 Buula barde B 5,7 9,11 13,10
09 Ceel cali A 12,15 17,19 16,18
010 Ceel cali B 14,20 22,24 21,23
011 Matabn A 25,27 29,26 28,30
012 Mataban B 29,31 33,34 32,35
013 Jallaqsi A 36,38 37,40 39,41
014 Jallaqsi B 42, 45, 47 48,51,53 55,57.59
Rural (s11)

Cell Bts name Sector A Sector B Sector C

Id

015 Except that area 1,3 5,7 9,11

urbans and sub
urabans

Frequency re use will use rural and sub urban as to protection kinds
interfaces like -

 Co-channel or Same channel

 Adjacent or neighbor channel
 Link budget conclusion

From MS to BTS=up link

TRX power 33dbm

Path loss 152db

33-152=-119db

Diversity gain of antenna 3db

Cable loss 4db

RX sensitivity -104 db

4-104=-100

Antenna gain -100

16dbi

From MS to BTS Down link

Rx sensitivity -102dbm

50dbm

Path loss 152 db

Antena gain =16dbi

Cable losss 4db

Combiner loss=5

Trx power 43dbm(20)

CONCLUTION

This project about the Gsm design of hiiraan region is completed I would like pass
through engineering legends of HIiigi Design and program Academy

Thanks Hiigsi Academy HOME OF DESSIGN TELECOMMUNICATION

Engineering ( End)