Combinational Logic - An Overview Digital Electronics TM

1.3 Introduction to Digital

Combinational Logic
This presentation will
• Introduce the basics of combinational and
sequential logic.
• Present the logic symbol, logic expression, and
Combinational Logic truth table for the AND gate, OR gate, and
INVERTER gate.
An Overview
• Review the design for a simple combinational logic
Digital Electronics circuit.

Combinational & Sequential Logic General Form for All Logic Gates
Logic Symbol Output
Combinational
X
Logic . Combinational . Z=XY
Inputs . . Outputs Y
. Logic Gates .
Inputs
Logic Expression

X Y Z
Sequential 0 0 1 Truth Table
Inputs . . Outputs 0 1 0 Lists the output
Logic . Combinational .
condition for all
Logic Gates 1 0 1 possible input
1 1 1 combinations.

Memory
Elements
Clock (Flip-Flops) 3 4
PS – There’s no such thing as a smiley face gate.

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Combinational Logic - An Overview Digital Electronics TM
1.3 Introduction to Digital

The AND Gate The OR Gate

X X
Z  X  Y  X  Y  XY Z XY
Y Y

Three ways
X Y Z to write the X Y Z
0 0 0 AND symbol 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1
Z is TRUE whenever X AND Y are TRUE Z is TRUE whenever X OR Y are TRUE
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

5 6

The INVERTER Gate AOI Logic

The NOT • Combinational logic designs implemented with AND
symbol or bar gates, OR gates, and INVERTER gates are referred to
X Z X as AOI designs.
AND OR INVERT

X Z
0 1 Z is TRUE whenever X is NOT TRUE • AOI Logic is just one type of combinational logic. Unit 2
1 0 of this course will spend a significant amount of time
exploring other forms of combinational logic and their
applications.
• The purpose of this introduction is to provide a basis of
The inverter is sometimes called the NOT gate.
understanding for the combinational logic subsection of
7
the Board Game Counter design. 8

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1.3 Introduction to Digital

Combinational Logic Design Example Design Example: Truth Table

The buzzer is On whenever
• the door is open
The following is a review of the design and operation of a • OR
combinational logic circuit using AOI logic. This design • the key is in the ignition AND the seat belt is NOT buckled.
controls the safety buzzer in a car and was designed to the
following specifications: Car Buzzer – Truth Table
Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer
0 0 0 0
The buzzer is ON whenever the door is open OR the Seat Belt 0 : Seat Belt is NOT Buckled
0 0 1 1
key is in the ignition AND the seat belt is NOT buckled. 1 : Seat Belt is Buckled
0 1 0 1 0 : Key is NOT in the Ignition
Key
0 1 1 1 1 : Key is in the Ignition
1 0 0 0 0 : Door is NOT Open
Door
1 0 1 1 1 : Door is Open
1 1 0 0 Buzzer 0 : Buzzer is OFF
1 : Buzzer is ON
1 1 1 1
9 10

Design Example: Functional Test

Design Example: Circuit Design (1 of 8)

Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer

0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
Logic ‘1’ 1 1 0 0
11 Logic ‘0’ 1 1 1 1
12

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1.3 Introduction to Digital

Design Example: Functional Test Design Example: Functional Test

(2 of 8) (3 of 8)

Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
Logic ‘1’ 1 1 0 0 Logic ‘1’ 1 1 0 0
Logic ‘0’ 1 1 1 1
13 Logic ‘0’ 1 1 1 1
14

Design Example: Functional Test Design Example: Functional Test

(4 of 8) (5 of 8)

Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
Logic ‘1’ 1 1 0 0 Logic ‘1’ 1 1 0 0
Logic ‘0’ 1 1 1 1
15 Logic ‘0’ 1 1 1 1
16

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1.3 Introduction to Digital

Design Example: Functional Test Design Example: Functional Test

(6 of 8) (7 of 8)

Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
Logic ‘1’ 1 1 0 0 Logic ‘1’ 1 1 0 0
Logic ‘0’ 1 1 1 1
17 Logic ‘0’ 1 1 1 1
18

Design Example: Functional Test

(8 of 8) Design Example: IC Component View

Seat Belt Key Door Buzzer

0 0 0 0 1 2

0 0 1 1
1
3
0 1 0 1 2

0 1 1 1 1
3
1 0 0 0 2

1 0 1 1
Logic ‘1’ 1 1 0 0
Logic ‘0’ 1 1 1 1
19 20

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Combinational Logic - An Overview Digital Electronics TM
1.3 Introduction to Digital

Design Example Using LEDs LED – Light Emitting Diode

LED – Light Emitting Diode To Turn an LED ON
• The ANODE must be at a
higher voltage potential
(1.5v) than the
CATHODE.
• The amount of current
CATHODE (‒) (+) ANODE
flowing through the LED
will determine how bright ← Current Flow
it is.
• The amount of current is
controlled by a series
resistor. (not shown)
21 22

LED Examples
Logic 1 ANODE CATHODE

 5 volts

The ANODE is at a higher voltage The 180 resistor controls the

potential than the CATHODE; the current that flows through the LED.
LED is ON. This in turn controls its brightness.

Logic 0 ANODE CATHODE

 0 volts

The ANODE is NOT at a higher

voltage potential than the
CATHODE; the LED is OFF. 23

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