RESETTLEMENTS

AGENDA

1 2 3 4
Introduction Methodology Resolutions Conclusion

Abstract Data gathering Laws & Regulations Concept Statement

General Background Analysis Site Description Design Consideration
Objectives Research Questions Plans Targets
Surveys Perspective Overviews
Strategy Budget table
 Abstract
“ This research focuses on the risks that resettled and displaced communities
are vulnerable to and the adaptation strategies they apply. In addition, this
research emphasizes the role of people as active participants on their
livelihood outcomes, through the adaptation strategies they apply. Through
surveys and interviews, data on the situation before and after resettlement
was collected.

However, the severity of their situation varied strongly. Households in Estero

de San Miguel applied several adaptation strategies, which decreased the
impact of resettlement. The extent to which the community could access
livelihood capital led to the differentiation in the application of adaptation
strategies. This enabled residents of San Miguel to better cope with the
transition from pre- to post-resettlement. Nevertheless, the living standards
before resettlement were not attained.
 GENERAL BACKGROUND

This study is about the housing situation of the urban poor in Metro Manila,
in the Philippines. And our study is focusing on settlements that are near bodies
of water such like seas, rivers, or esteros.

Estero de San Miguel is our main concern on this study, it is a 2.3 kilometer tributary of the
Pasig River located in Manila by P. Casal Bridge; it was once a fish river of
clay and silt and a dumping ground of murder victims.

Presently, it is being shanties by over a hundred informal settlers in the area.

At present there are over 300 families in 300 structures living there with
different backgrounds coming from different parts of the country.

The alarming rate of population growth takes the pioneer leading to limiting resources like
land; since land is the highest income generating asset for the farming life, its limitedness
bears fledging of people to places with better job opportunities - the next problem.
 GENERAL BACKGROUND

Scaling down to cities’ challenges related to the above; insufficient public facilities,
substandard infrastructures, acute shortage & deterioration of houses,
poor sanitation and unemployment are known in Metro Manila.

To highlight about the responses; mass-housing construction schemes, road expansion

and provision, and construction of other public facilities are being held.
“Relocation” scheme in response to housing shortage & unemployment
is the foremost move by researchers & government.

With the change of environment to live in some other uncertain issues, the reasons for this
research can be seen rising. Such as; ground floor &/or micro enterprise dependent life has
made it difficult for the low income people to stay which leads the owners to be renting middle
income people. And still these owners get limited supply of basic needs
(water & electricity), facing leakage and waste disposal problems.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

• This research is an explorative and comparative research, which aims to gain more in-depth
knowledge on the vulnerability to risks due to estero-induced displacement and the
associated adaptation strategies to overcome these risks.

• For practitioners, the aim is to create awareness amongst policymakers to improve the
guidelines on future resettlement planning and better facilitate the resettlement process. In
addition, this research aspires to make a contribution to the resettlement and displacement
due to water bodies development in the Philippines. To be able to reach the aims described
above, the main question guiding this research is:

To what extent are involuntarily resettled communities vulnerable to risk and if present, which
adaptation strategies do they use to cope with experienced risks due to land scarcity in the country?
The overall objective is to increase the academic knowledge on adaptation strategies of estero-
induced displaced communities. To produce low-energy housing typology that can sustain: the
basic energy demands of human being and his environment

Self-sufficient resettlement
• Housing with spaces for/by alternative energy that can stand by itself even if there is short-
hand of energy supply from central grids. In short, it imports no or small amount of energy
from the grid.

Specific Objectives
• Make the architecture responsible for continuous supply of water and electricity
• Expose what really the demand is beyond space/shelter
• Make people busy about the other life than basic needs
• Regenerate the wasted environment for utilization
 Methodology

This will explain the methods used for data collection and analysis, therefore

“
providing more insight into the way this research was conducted. First, the
research questions are presented which structure this study.

Then, the conceptual model provides insight in the relations of theoretical

elements and concepts of this study. This is followed by information on the
research sites and the operationalization variables. Thereafter, the main
research instrument and methods for analysis are elaborated on. Finally, the
limitations are presented that were encountered during data collection.
 INFORMAL SETTLERS NEAR BODY OF WATER Barangay 385 (Arlegui St. Sampaloc, Manila)
ESTIMATED AFFECTED POPULATION: 800 persons or estimated of 146 families
STATUS: Total of 50% from the target resettlement population
EXPERIENCE DISEASE OUTBREAK: No
OVERSPILL OF THE ESTERO DURING TYPHOON: No (except on Typhoon Ondoy)
NHA RESETTLEMENT SITE: Pandi, Bulacan
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FROM NHA: P18,000
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FROM BARANGAY: P2,000 per year
TOTAL AREA PER UNIT (RESETTLEMENT): 40 square meter
RESETTLEMENT UNIT EXISTING BASIC NEED:
A. WATER - Yes
B. ELECTRICITY - Yes
DATA FROM BARANGAY EXIST SOURCE OF LIVING (such as provided work): None
DATA

17%
15%
42%

58%

21%
DATA

3 out of 10

PRIMARY REASON (NOT IN FAVOR)

7 out of 10 • Far from their job/primary source of income
• Doesn’t know or seen the relocation site
• Far from their school
• Far from their mosaic
DATA

21%

36%

35%
DATA
Agree on relocation site (state your reason of no):

Residence for how many years:

Total number in family:

Number of Sibling:
College
High School
Elementary
Number of Employed family member :

Status:

Income (per month):

SURVEY QUESTIONS
BARANGAY
BARANGAY
ESTERO DE SAN MIGUEL
ESTERO DE SAN MIGUEL
 PLANNING ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION

1. Define how project is

important to the
community and to the 1. Develop implementation
environment plan
1. Understand As-Is state
2. Define plan for project 2. Design assessments
2. Identify Deterioration & 1. Develop how to
3. Develop project charter Improvements comprehend To-Be 3. Develop knowledge
state documentation
4. Develop schedule 3. Develop concept and
commitments considerations for To- 2. Develop To-Be process 4. Develop change
Be state design communication
 Analyzing Processes
• Understand and define resettlement process
requirements

• Perform problem identification and analysis

• Conduct context analysis

• Site process mapping

Designing Process
• Identify and measure process efficiencies

• Future design state process visioning

• Process design analysis

• Process design consideration and solution

 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
I. PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
A. Urban Development and Housing Act (RA 7279)
(Date of Effectivity: 29 March 1992)

1. Constitutional Basis:
Art. 13. SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Sec. 9. The State shall, by law and for the common good undertake, in cooperation with the private sector, a continuing
program of urban land reform and housing which will make available at affordable cost decent housing and basic services to
under privileged and homeless citizens in urban centers and resettlement areas. It shall also promote adequate employment
opportunities to citizens. In the implementation of such programs the State shall respect the rights of small property owners.

Sec. 10. Urban or rural poor dwellers shall not be evicted nor their dwellings demolished, except in accordance with law and in
a just and humane manner.

No resettlement of urban or rural dwellers shall be undertaken without adequate consultation with them and the communities
where they are to be relocated.
 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
2. Objectives:

a. Make available to underprivileged and homeless citizens decent housing at affordable cost;

b. Provide for rational use and development of urban land;

c. Regulate and direct urban growth and expansion towards a dispersed urban net and more balanced urban-rural
interdependence;

d. provide for an equitable land tenure system that shall guarantee security of tenure to program beneficiaries but shall
respect the rights of small property owners and ensure the payment of just compensation;

e. Encourage more effective people's participation in the urban development process; and

f. Improve the capability of local government units in undertaking urban development and housing programs and projects.
 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
3. Beneficiaries:

• must be male or female Filipino underprivileged and homeless citizen (individual/families in urban/urbanizable areas
whose income/combined household income is within poverty threshold and who do not own housing facilities and those
who do not enjoy security of tenure)

• must not own real property in urban or rural areas

• not a professional squatter or not a member of squatting syndicates

4. Salient Provisions:
National Urban Development and Housing Framework

a comprehensive plan for urban and urbanizable areas to serve as basis for achieving the objectives of the law formulated by
the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) under the direction of the Housing and Urban Development Coordination
Council (HUDCC) in coordination with all local government units and other concerned public and private sectors
 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
UDHA Socialized Housing Program

The housing program of the law provides for:

a) Beneficiary listing (coming up with a master list of beneficiaries within one year from the effectivity of the law)

a) Land inventory (within the territorial jurisdiction of LGUs)

a) Identification of socialized housing sites

a) Acquisition of identified socialized housing sites

a) Disposition of lands for socialized housing

 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
UDHA Resettlement Program

resettlement of persons living in danger areas (esteros, railroad tracks, garbage dump, riverbanks shorelines and
waterways) and public places (sidewalks, roads, parks and playgrounds)
the LGUs, in coordination with the National Housing Authority, are tasked to provide relocation or resettlement sites with
basic services and facilities and access to employment opportunities sufficient to meet the basic needs of the affected
families.
the law requires that this program be undertaken within 2 years from the date of its effectivity (March 29, 1992 - March 29,
1994)

Balanced Housing Program

Developers of proposed subdivision projects are required to develop an area for socialized housing equivalent to at least 20%
of the total subdivision area or total subdivision cost with the option tocomply instead through any of the following:

development of a new settlement; slum upgrading; joint-venture projects with LGUs or any housing agency; or, participation
in the community mortgage program
 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
B. Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter Finance Act (RA 7835)

Increasing and regularizing yearly appropriation of the major components of the national shelter program. It consists the
following major component programs:

Resettlement Program
Medium-Rise Public and Private Housing
Community Mortgage Program
Cost-Recoverable Programs
Local Housing Program
 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Resettlement Program (Total Appropriation in 5 Years: 5.2B)

• Target Beneficiaries: families displaced by government infrastructure projects; those occupying danger areas such as
waterways, esteros, railroad tracks, etc.; and, those qualified for relocation and resettlement assistance under UDHA

• It has 3 types of program delivery scheme:

1. NHA-Administered Resettlement Program

2. Resettlement Assistance Program for Local Government Units (the LGUs shall provide the land while the NHA
provides funds for land develoment)
3. Resettlement Program with Other Government Agencies and the Private Sector (may include 20% balanced
housing by developers)
 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
C. PD 772 : ANTI-SQUATTING LAW (Criminal Law)
committed by any person who succeeds in occupying or possessing the real property of another against the latter's will
through any of the following means:

• force

• intimidation

• threat

• taking advantage of the absence or tolerance of the landowner for residential, commercial or any other purposes
 PHILIPPINE LAWS ON HOUSING
AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
C. PD 772 : ANTI-SQUATTING LAW (Criminal Law)
committed by any person who succeeds in occupying or possessing the real property of another against the latter's will
through any of the following means:

• force

• intimidation

• threat

• taking advantage of the absence or tolerance of the landowner for residential, commercial or any other purposes
 WHY THESE LAWS ARE OPPRESSIVE TO THE POOR:

Lack of security of abode (house/land tenure) makes the poor vulnerable to ejectment
and anti-squatting laws. In particular, PD 772 which criminalizes squatting and prosecutes people
who are more the victims of government inadequacy than criminals.
 SITE DESCRIPTION:

Lack of security of abode (house/land

SITE ANALYSIS:
This is a checklist of the factors that may be involved in evaluating a site. Although lengthy, this list is not all-
inclusive; new factors are added from the time. Information is usually collected only for those items that are
pertinent to the project.

PHYSICAL FACTORS

Climate
C.Temperature
A.Prevailing winds
1. Ranges of Variation
1. Direction
2. Maximums and minimums
2. Maximum, minimum, and average
velocities
D.Humidity
3. Special forces (e.g. tornadoes,
1. Ranges of Variation
hurricanes)
2. Maximums and minimums
B.Solar Orientation
E.Precipitation
1. Sun Angles
1. Peak period totals
2. Days of Sunlight
2. Annual and seasonal totals
3. Cloud Cover
4. Shading of (or from) adjacent
structures, natural, features, and
vegetations
Topography
A. Legal property description including limit of E.Vegetation
property, easement, right of way, and north indication
F.Existing water bodies
B.Topographic maps and aerial photos 1. Location, size, depth, direction of flow
1. Contours and spot elevations 2. Water quality: clean, polluted, anaerobic
2. Slopes: percentage, aspect, orientation conditions, etc.
3. Escarpments 3. Use: seasonal, year-round
4. Erosion channels 4. Wetlands: ecology features
5 .Extent, location, and general configurations of 5. Variations: expected water levels, tides, wave
rocks, ledges, outcrops, ridges, drainage lines action
and other unique features 6. Coastal features
6. Visual characteristics
7. Potential problem areas during construction:
siltation, erosion, etc.

C.Analysis of physical features, including major focal and

vantage points and their relationships within, into and out from
the site.

D.Existing access and circulation

1. Vehicular PHYSICAL FACTORS
2. Pedestrian
G. Drainage canals: rivers, streams, marshes, lakes, pounds, etc.
1. Natural and built
2. Alignments and gradients
3. Pattern and direction

H. Existing waterway easement

1. Surface
2. Subsurface

I. Surface drainage
1. Pattern on and off the site (location of streams and washes)
2. Proximity to floodplains
a. Maximum flood levels
b. Frequently flooded areas
3. Local watershed areas, amount of runoff collected, and location of outfalls
4. Swampy and concave areas of land without positive drainage and other obstacles that may interrupt or obstruct natural
surface drainage
5. Potential areas for impoundments, detention/retention ponds

J. Unique site features

PHYSICAL FACTORS
Utilities
A. Potable water
B. Electricity
C. Gas
D. Telephone
E. Cable television
F. Sanitary sewer service
G. Storm drainage (surface, subsurface)
H. Fire protection
Immediate Surroundings
A. Neighborhood structures: buildings, satellite dishes, etc.
B. Shading and solar access
C. Noise from streets, emergency services, aircrafts, etc.
D. Odors
E. View and vistas

General Services
A. Fire and police protection
B. Trash/refuse removal services

PHYSICAL FACTORS
PLANS
FLOOR PLANS
FRONT AND REAR ELEVATIONS
SIDE ELEVATION
CROSS AND LONGITUDINAL SECTION
PERSPECTIVE
PERSPECTIVE
 Finishes Fixtures Type Dimension Quantity
Door Panel Door 0.9x2.1 1

0.8x2.1 1

PVC Door 0.7x2.1 1

Window Jalousie 0.80x1.20 5 sets

Tiles Granite Tiles 0.80x0.80 4 pieces

Vinyl Tiles 0.20x1.00 1 box

Water Closet - - 1

Lavatory - - 2

Faucet - - 3

Electric Plug Outlet Series - 5 sets

Electrical Switch Series - 3 sets

Light Fixtures Warm white - 3 sets

 BILL OF MATERIALS
PROPOSED RESETTLEMENT FOR INFORMAL SETTLERS NEAR BODY OF WATER

TOTAL COST OF MATERIALS 441,406.00

TOTAL COST OF LABOR 176,562.40
TOTAL MATERIAL & LABOR COST 617,968.40
ARCHITECT'S PROFESSIONAL FEE 123,593.68
CONTRACTOR'S PROFIT -
VALUE ADDED TAX -
GUARANTEED MAXIMUM COST 741,562.08
A. Site Criteria

1. Availability of Basic Needs (Water, Movement and Circulation, Storm Drainage, Solid and Liquid
Waste Disposal,Parks/Playgrounds, Power)
2. Conformity with Zoning Ordinance/City or Municipality Land Use Plan
3. Physical Suitability
4. Accessibility

B. Planning Consideration

1. Area Planning
2. Site Preservation/Alteration
a. Slope
b. Preservation of Site Asserts
c. Ground Cover
3. Circulation
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
C. Design Parameters

1. Land Allocation
2. Lot Requirement
3. Length of Block
4. Shelter Component
5. Setback/ Yard
6. Water Supply
7. Electrical Power Supply

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
AIR CIRCULATION/VENTILATION CONSIDERATIONS

The ventilation of buildings is an essential design consideration for reasons of health and safety.

1. The room should have mechanically generated supply air and exhaust air. The air balance of the
room cannot be adjusted unless there is mechanically generated supply and exhaust air.
2. Mechanical climate control should be provided.
3. Where appropriate, general ventilation systems should be designed, such that, in the event of an
accident, they can be shut down and isolated to contain radioactivity.
4. The air velocity volume in each duct should be sufficient to prevent condensation or liquid or
condensable solids on the walls of the ducts.
5. Supplying airflow in sufficient volume and cleanliness to support the cleanliness rating of the
room.
6. Introducing air in a manner to prevent stagnant areas where particles could accumulate.
• Air flow distributions and control
• Filtration
• Air re-circulation
 T A R G E T S

1 2 3
People who live near esteros, People who live in flooded areas, prone People who are in real need of
bodies of water to natural disaster resettlements or relocations due
to informal settlings
O V E R V I E W S
O V E R V I E W S
 A H O U S N G
Ando, Jan Jave
1 4 2
Justo, Kathleen
Rondubio, Ma. Lourdes Catalina
Templa, Trixie Joyce
Tumbagahon, Bea