Translation Thesis Report

A. Translation Report Thesis

In general, a translation thesis is comprised of a translation of a text that may
or may not have been translated previously, as well as a significant critical
commentary on the work in the form of a translator’s preface and notes on the text.
Students who wish to undertake a translation thesis should consult with the Director
of Studies before launching the thesis work.
The following guidelines provide valuable information on the form and
content of a translation thesis:
1. Format: One clear copy of the original text must be provided along with the two
copies of the thesis. For other formatting indications, refer to the general thesis
guidelines.
2. Length of translated text: The translation itself should be between 15,000 and
22,500 words, or about 60-90 double-spaced pages. Texts that fit this format well
include novellas, plays, collections of short stories or poems, and some critical
essays. A student who wishes to translate from a longer work (such as a novel)
should choose a representative excerpt or a collection of excerpts that functions
well as a standalone text.
3. Translator’s preface: The translator’s preface is a crucial component of the
translation thesis. It should be no less than 5,000 and no more than 7,500 words,
or about 20-30 double-spaced pages. The preface should:
a. Introduce the text to a general academic readership and explain its
significance. Relevant information about the author and the composition or
reception of the text may be provided. If English translations of the text
already exist, the preface should situate the new translation in relation to
existing ones, and explain what the new translation seeks to achieve.
b. Detail the translation challenges posed by the text. Using well-chosen
examples, the stylistic particularities and semantic richness of the original
 text should be highlighted, demonstrating an informed understanding of the
text in the original language.
c. Describe and justify the translation strategies chosen in order to best render
the original text. It may be useful to refer to other translations used as models
(or counter-models), or to relevant texts on translation theory.
4. Footnotes/endnotes: Footnotes or endnotes should highlight, within the
translation, places where a difficulty presented itself (such as word play,
semantic ambiguities, or terms with no English equivalent), and explain how that
difficulty was handled. In the case of a recurring difficulty, a note at the first
occurrence is sufficient. A translation should not be overloaded with notes: in
some cases, it may be advisable to limit notes to representative or significant
instances. Important or recurrent difficulties can be addressed at greater length in
the translator’s preface. Notes can also be used to provide information about
cultural or historical background relevant to an understanding of specific
elements the text.
5. Thesis Evaluation: Translation theses will be evaluated by two readers, at least
one of whom will have a knowledge of the original language. In addition to the
accuracy and readability of the translation, evaluators will devote particular
attention to the quality of the critical apparatus (preface and notes).
B. Translation Methods
Newmark (1998b) mentions the different between translation methods and
translation procedures. He writes that, “while translation methods relate to whole
texts, translation procedures are used for sentences and the smaller units of language”
(p.81). He goes on to refer to the following methods of translation:
a. Word-for-word translation: in which the SL word order is preserved and the words
translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context.
b. Literal translation: in which the SL grammatical constructions are converted to
their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of
context.
 c. Faithful translation : it attempts to produce the precise contextual meaning of the
original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures.
d. Semantic translation : which differs from ‘faithful translation’ only in as far as it
must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text.
e. Adaptation: of translation, and is used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry; the
themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the SL culture is converted to the TL
culture and the text is rewritten.
f. Free translation : it reproduces the TL text without the style, form, or content of the
original.
g. Idiomatic translation: it reproduces the ‘messages’ of the original but tends to
distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do
not exist in the original.
h. Communicative translation: it attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of
the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and
comprehensible to the readership.

C. TRANSLATION PROCEDURES
a. Structural Procedure
This procedures which deals with structural problem may divided into three
procedurs, they are additions, subtraction and transposition.
Additions, it is additions of words in the target language as required by the
target language structure, for example ”dia perawat” should be into she is a nurse,
in this example the word “is”and “a”shouldbe added to make the english structure
acceptable. Subtraction, it means the reduction of the structural elements in the
target language in order to be structurally accept able. For example “He is an
engineer “the translation in Bahasa Indonesia is ”Dia Insinyur”. In the translation
the words “is “and “a” are not included in the target language.
Transpositions, this procedure according to suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003)
is used to translated clauses or sentences, the translation uses this procedure by
 changing the original structure of the source language in the target language
sentences to produce an equivalent effect. The change is made by changing plural
into singular for, the positions of adjectives or the structure of sentences as a
whole (NewMark,1988:85), Rachmadie et all,1988:1,3 Suryawinata and
Hariyanto,2003:68) for example, the sentences “alat musik bisa dibagi menjadi
dua kelompok besar” can be translated into “Musical instrument can be divided
into to basic groups”, in this example alat musik (singular) becomes musical
instrument (plural) and posititon of adjectives is also changed into different “rules
“between bahasa Indonesia and English. The changes due to no source language
structures in the target language, can be shown in the following example “Bagi
saya menerjemahkan puisi lebih sulit dari pada menerjemahkan artikel “ that can
be translated onto “I find it more difficult to translate a poem than an article” this
procedure is applied into a sentential level.
b. Semantic Procedures
These procedures are the translations procedures based on the consideration of
meaning, the procedures are as follows:
1. Borrowing: It is the translations procedure which takes the source language
form into the target language one due to agape in its lexicon (fawcett, 1997:34).
2. Cultural equivalent: It is a translation of a source language cultural word into
the target cultural word, an approximate translation is the result. (Newmark,
1988: 8283).
3. Descriptive equivalent: As the name implies, a descriptive equivalent tries to
describe meanings or function of the source language (Newmark, 1988: 83-89;
Suryawati dan Hariyanto, 2003: 73)
4. Synonim: This procedure is used if there is no a clear one-to-one equivalent
between the source language and the target equivalent word (Newmark, 1988:
83)
5. Reduction and expansion: Reduction in this term means the reduction in
component of the source language such as “automobile” that becomes “mobil”.
 6. Addition: Addition in case is done on the basis of the consideration of clarity of
meaning. (Suryawinata ans Hariyanto, 2003: 74).
7. Official translation: This procedure makes use of an official translation that has
been standardized by the responsible institution. In translating English into
Bahasa Indonesia, there is a guide for translating English name and words
published by “Pusat Pengembangan dan pembinaan Bahass”, Depdikbud
(Suryawinata and Hariyanto, 2003:74)
8. Omission or delevtion: It means the omission of word or a part of the source
language text in the target language. The omission is done since the word or the
part of the text is not so important for the source language text and is rather
difficult to translate (Suryawinata and hariyanto, 2003:75)
9. Modulation: It is a variation of the form of the message obtained by a change
in the point of view (Venutti, 2000:89).

Example:
Power related aggressiveness was a better predictor for being involved in
bullying for girls than for boys, and affiliation related aggressiveness was a better
predictor for boys than for girls. This means that more girls tended to bullying others
in order to search for recognition or gain power over others than did boys. However,
more boys than girls participated in bullying because they belonged to the same
social group or friendship. This association, which is opposed to Fandrem and all
findings in Norway, seems to agree with my interview results.
Terjemahan:
Hubungan kekuasaan dengan tindakan agresif adalah alat pengukur yang lebih
tepat untuk kasus bullying yang melibatkan anak perempuan daripada anak laki-laki,
sedangan hubungan afiliasi dengan tindakan agresif adalah alat pengukur yang lebih
tepat untuk anak laki-laki daripada untuk anak perempuan. Ini berarti bahwa lebih
banyak anak perempuan cenderung untuk mengintimidasi orang lain untuk mencari
pengakuan atau mendapatkan kekuasaan atas orang lain daripada anak laki-laki.
Namun, lebih banyak anak laki-laki dari anak perempuan berpartisipasi dalam
bullying karena mereka termasuk dalam kelompok sosial atau persahabatan yang
sama.
REFERENCE

Budianto, Langgeng and Fardhani, Aan E. (2010). A Practical Guide For. Translation
Skill. Malang: UIN-Maliki Press.