BO – Bendungan Ogee

Dian Ratri Cahyani – 1606896981

I. Analysis
A. Experimental analysis
The experiment was conducted on Friday, April 13th 2018. The objective of this
experiment is to determine the characteristics of a flow that passes through ogee weir.
The tools and equipment needed for the experiment are Model H-13, ogee weir, 8
manometers, instrument handler, and hook and point gauge. The experiment was began
by placing the ogee weir into the pipe, and attaching 8 manometer to the side of the
pipe, 2 manometers at the upstream, 5 manometers at the downstream, and 1 manometer
at the top of the weir. Then, we opened the inlet to let the water flowed in until it passed
the weir. We waited the water until it reached the desired level and stabled, then we
closed the inlet valve. Then we read the all of 8 manometers and took a note of it. This
first measurement is classified as datum for this experiment. Before changing the
discharge, we used the hook and point gauge to determine the frequency of the flow,
which later be converted into velocity using the machine’s manual. Next we changed
the discharge by turning the valve and took note for every discharge. We did the total
of 4 variations of discharge. We did the same process for every change of discharge.
The manometer shows the pressure on every point, at the upstream, at the weir, and the
downstream. From this experiment, we obtained the value of pressure from the 8
manometers, the length of the pipe, and the frequency.

B. Result analysis
The data that we obtained from the experiment are the pressure at 8 points
indicated by the 8 manometers, the width of the pipe, the height of flow at the critical
position, and the frequency which later be converted into velocity. The first calculation
is converting the frequency by using the machine’s manual then we calculated the
discharge, by multiplying the velocity with the area. The area is the width multiplied
by the value of height at manometer 7, this is done because we measured the frequency
nearby the manometer 7, therefore, the height that is being considered is the height of
flow at manometer 7. Next is finding the difference of height by subtracting the value
of height at variation 2, 3, 4, and 5 with the datum (variation 1).
 Once we have the height difference, we calculated the value of C by using the
formula written on the data processing section. Now that we have all the values needed,
we then proceed making graphs of the discharge versus height difference and pressure
at variation of height. From Figure BO.1 we see that the discharge is increasing as the
height difference increasing, however, as we reached variation 4, the discharge is
decreased.
All figures of graph of pressure at variation of height show that the critical point
is between manometer 4 and manometer 5. Therefore, the flow before manometer 4 is
identified as subcritical, while the flow after manometer 5 is identified as supercritical.
This happens because of the difference in height of the flow and pressure.

C. Error analysis
Although this experiment does not consider the relative error, however, there
were some mistakes done during the experiment. The mistakes could be:
- Inaccurate reading the manometer and height of the flow.
- Inaccurate conversion of frequency to velocity.

II. Application
Ogee weir or commonly called spillway is a passage in a dam through which the
design flood could be disposed off safely to the downstream. The ogee-crested spillway,
because of its superb hydraulic characteristics, has been one of the most studied
hydraulic structures. Its ability to pass flows efficiently and safely, when properly
designed, with relatively good flow measuring capabilities, has enabled engineers to
use it in a wide variety of situations. Although much is understood about the general
ogee shape and its flow characteristics, it is also understood that a deviation from the
standard design parameters such as a change in upstream flow conditions, slightly
modified crest shape, or construction variances can change the flow properties. These
small changes often require engineers to evaluate the crest and determine whether or
not the change or deviation will be detrimental to the spillway's performance. Such is
the case when an updated probable maximum flood calculation requires a spillway to
pass a larger flow than it was designed to handle.

III. Conclusion
This experiment can be concluded as follows
 - The result of the calculation can be seen on Table BO.2.
- The discharge increases as the difference in height increases.
- The weir produces the same type of flow although the height of the flow is
different.
- The upstream has a subcritical flow, while the downstream has a supercritical
flow.

IV. References
- Departemen Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia. 2016.
Modul Praktikum Mekanika Fluida dan Hidroloka. Depok: Laboratorium
Hidrolika, Hidrologi, dan Sungai.

V. Appendix

Figure BO.6. The spillway showing the process of decreasing the power of the flow