A Good Lesson Plan is instrumental for the delivery of course content in a competent way so that students get benefited

in view of learning,
developing good skill set, updating with current trends in industry etc., Delivery including latest trends in the technology and applications
brings deep insight of the course in students. As the plan includes the home assignments, quizzes, course projects etc., it carries out the
continuous assessment of student learning (course outcomes).
The course delivery in adherence to the lesson plan is ensured through course level audit forms on regular basis.

III B. Tech : I Sem : ECE-1,2,3,4. L T/P/D C

3 1 4

Course Name: Antennas and Wave Propagation Course Code: 5EC08

Names of the Faculty Member: Manne Galeeb
Number of working days: 90
Number of Hours/week: 5
Total number of periods planned: 70
1. PREREQUISITES

Electro Magnetic Theory Concepts

2. COURSE OBJECTIVES
(Objectives define the importance of course and how the course is helpful to the students in their career. Objectives
must be defined first and contents must be developed later.)
The student should be able

• To know about the fundamentals to design various types of Antennas.

• To analyze the fields associated with various types of antennas along with emphasis on their applications.
• To know the measurement techniques involved in measuring antenna parameters.
• To understand the concepts of radio wave propagation in the atmosphere.
3. COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)
(Outcomes define what the student will be able to do upon completion of the course. Course outcomes must be
assessable. The blooms taxonomy terms are used as reference in defining course outcomes)
After Completion of this course the student is able to
• Describe the basic parameters and analyze the fields radiated by various types of antennas.
• Measure antenna parameters critical for evaluating its performance.
• Compare the intricacies involved in various modes of wave propagation.
4. MAPPING OF COs WITH POs
(This mapping represents the contribution of course in attaining the program outcomes and there by program
educational objectives. This also helps in strengthening the curriculum towards the improvement of program.)
Course Program Outcomes (POs)
Outcomes
(COs) a b c d e f g h i j k l

CO 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 1
CO 2 3 1 3 1 3 3 3
CO 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 1
3: High correlation, 2: Moderate correlation and 1: Low Correlation

5. LEARNING RESOURCES
(i) TEXT BOOKS
T1. Antennas for All Applications – John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2003.
T2. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi, 2001

(ii) REFERENCES (Publications/ Open Learning Resources)

R1. Antenna Theory - C.A. Balanis, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Edition, 2001.
R2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.
R3. Transmission and Propagation – E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book of Radio, vol. 5, Standard Publishers
Distributors.
R4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th Edition, 1955.
R5. Antennas – John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill, 2nd Edition, 1988.
(Course delivery including latest trends brings good insight of the course in students and also inculcates the habit of
self learning among the students.
Publications referred can be given unit wise or at course level.)
(b) Open Learning Resources for self learning
L1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101092/1
L2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117107035/1

(iii) JOURNALS
J1. International Journal ofAntennas and Wave Propagation.
J2. IEEE Journal on Antennas and Wave Propagation.
J3. Open Journal ofAntennas and Wave Propagation.
J4. International Journal on CommunicationsAntennas and Wave Propagation.

6. DELIVERY METHODOLOGIES
(Depending on the suitability to the delivery of concept, one or more among the following delivery methodologies are
adopted to engage the student in learning)
DM1: Chalk and Talk
DM2: Learning by doing
DM3: Collaborative Learning (Think Pair Share, POGIL, etc.) DM7: Group Project
DM4: Demonstration (Physical / Laboratory / Audio Visuals)
7. PROPOSED FIELD VISITS/ GUEST LECTURE BY INDUSTRY
EXPERT (To be added for the courses as directed by the department.)
Guest Lecture: "Antennas and Wave Propagation" by Mr. N.V. Koteswara Rao, Prof. & HOD - ECE, CBIT, Hyderabad. (Or)
"Array Antennas" by Mr. K. Jaya Sankar, Prof & HOD - ECE, CBIT, Hyderabad.
(And / Or)
Field Visit: Field visit scheduled to INCOISIS and ICOMM in this semester

8. ASSESSMENT
(As per Regulations, AM1 and AM2 are compulsory for assessment. Whereas, any two or more assessment
methodologies can be considered from AM3 to AM9 under assignment towards continuous assessment of
the performance of students.)
AM1: Semester End Examination
AM2: Mid Term Examination
AM3: Home Assignments
AM5: Objective Test
AM7: Course Projects**

** (To be added for the courses as directed by the department. The no. of course projects is left to the liberty of faculty)
9. WEIGHTAGES FOR PROPOSED ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES
(The allotted marks for home assignments, quizzes and etc., except course projects are left to the liberty of faculty. But
for the finalisation of assignment marks, the following weightages can be considered.)
R15
Weightages in marks for
Weightages in marks for the
S. No. Assessment Methodology the courses without
courses with Course project
Course project
1. Home Assignments (AM3) 4% -
10
2. Assignment Objective Test (AM5) 2% 10 -
3. Course project (AM7) 4% -
4. Mid Term Examination (AM2) 30 30
5. Semester End Examination (AM1) 60 60

(iii) COURSE PROJECTS

One course project is assigned to each project batch of size three in the beginning of the course and assessed at the end of the course.
One midterm evaluation is carried out to monitor the progress of the project and the team coherence.
1. Design of an antenna for a wireless sensor network for trains
2. Outdoor TV Antenna
3. Design process of a rectangular microstrip antenna
4. Novell Mobile Antenna for Ku- band satellite communication
5. Wi Fi strengthening antenna
6. Jammers for mobile phones

10. SIMULATION SOFTWARES

1. HFSS
2. ADS
3. WIPL - D
4. CAD FEKO
5. SEM CAD X
6. ANSYS
7. IE3D
8. Microwave Studio IST
9. Antenna MAGUS

11. DETAILED COURSE DELIVERY PLAN

(Detailed syllabus mentioning its learning outcomes, teaching plan, tutorial questions and home assignment questions
for each unit can be given. Heads under teaching plan is given below. Model Academic plan can be taken as reference.)

UNIT -I
Antenna Fundamentals
Introduction, Radiation Mechanism – single wire, 2 wires, dipoles, Current Distribution on a thin
wire antenna. Antenna Parameters - Radiation Patterns, Patterns in Principal Planes, Main Lobe and
Side Lobes, Beamwidths, Polarization, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity,
Gain and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Aperture Efficiency, Effective Height, illustrated
Problems.Antenna properties based on Reciprocity theorem.
Antenna Measurements – Patterns Required, Set Up, Distance Criterion, Directivity and Gain
Measurements (Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods).
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this unit the student will be able to
5. Identify basic antenna parameters.
6. Understand the radiation mechanism.
7. Analyze radiation patterns of Antennas.
8. Recognize the practical importance of Beam-Width.
9. Identify the applications of Reciprocity theorem.
10. Analyze reciprocity theorem applications.
11. Draw and explain the different blocks in radiation pattern measuring setup.

TEACHING PLAN
Learning Resources /
References
No. of
S. Lecture Proposed Delivery (Text Books / Course
Contents of syllabus to be taught Lecture
No. Dates Methodologies Journals / Outcomes
Periods
Publications/ Open
Learning Resources)

WIT &WIL::What I am teaching,why I DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

6) am teaching;overview of 1 03/07/17 with PPT) CO 1
all units T.1, T.2 ,R.1 & R5

04/07/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Introduction, Types of antennas ,
7) 2 & with PPT) CO 1
Radiation Mechanism
05/07/17 T.1,T.2 &R.1
 Dipoles, Current Distribution on a thin DM1. Chalk and Talk
8) 1 06/07/17 R1 CO 1
wire antenna. DM4. Video
DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
Antenna Parameters: Radiation
9) 1 08/07/17 with PPT) T.1, T.2 &R.1 CO 1
Patterns, Patterns in Principal Planes

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

10) Main Lobe and Side Lobes, Beamwidths 1 12/07/17 with PPT) T.1, T.2 &R.1 CO 1

11) Polarization 1 13/07/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk. T.1, T.2 &R.1 CO 1

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Radian, Steradian, Beam Area,
12) 1 15/07/17 with PPT) T.1, T.2 &R.1 CO 1
Radiation Intensity

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Beam Efficiency ,Directivity, Gain and
13) 1 18/07/17 with PPT) T.1, T.2 &R.1 CO 1
Resolution

Antenna Apertures and Aperture DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

14) Efficiency, Effective Height and 1 19/07/17 with PPT) T.1, T.2 &R.1 CO 1
Illustrated Problems
Antenna properties based on
15) Reciprocity theorem 1 20/07/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk T.1, T.2 &R.1 CO 1
 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
Antenna Measurements – Patterns
16) 1 22/07/17 with PPT) T.1 ,T2 & R1 CO 1& CO 2
Required, Set Up, Distance Criterion

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Directivity and Gain
17) 1 24/07/17 with PPT) T.1 ,T2 & R1 CO 1& CO 2
Measurements

Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

18) Methods 1 25/07/17 with PPT) T.1 ,T2 & R1 CO 1& CO 2

DM1. Chalk and Talk

19) Problems 1 26/07/17 T.1,T.2&R.1

DM1. Chalk and Talk

20) Revision 1 27/07/17

21) Class Test for Unit - I 1 29/07/17

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
1. An antenna has a field pattern given by E ( ) = cos2 for 0≤ ˚≤90˚. Find Half Power Beamwidth.
2. An antenna has a field pattern given by E ( ) = cos cos2 for 0≤ ˚≤90˚. Find (a) HPBW (b) FNBW.
3. An antenna has a field pattern given by E ( ) = cos2 for 0≤ ˚≤90˚. Find Beam area of the pattern.
4. A radio link has a15-W transmitter connected to an antenna of 25mV effective aperture at 5 GHz.
Receiving antenna has an effective aperture of 0.5mV & is located at 15km line of distance from transmitting antenna. Assuming lossless,
matched antennas. Find power delivered to the receiver.
5. An elliptically polarized wave travelling in z direction which has x & y components
Ex=3 sin( t − z ), Ey = 6 sin( t − z + 75 ˚). Find the average power.

HOME ASSIGNMENT- I
1. Radiating element is of 10m length and carries a current of 1A. It radiates in =30˚direction in free space at f = 3 MHz. Estimate
magnitude of E & H at a point located at 100 km from point of origination.
2. Radiating element of 1cm carries an effective current of 0.5A at 3GHz. Calculate radiated power.
3. Estimate radiation resistance of a radiating element having length l=5m at (a) f=50KHz (b) f=30MHZ (C) f=15MHz.

UNIT II
THIN LINEAR WIRE ANTENNAS:
Retarded Potentials, Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarterwave Monopole and Halfwave Dipole – Current Distributions, Evaluation of
Field Components, Power Radiated,Radiation Resistance, Beamwidths, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Height. Natural current
distributions, fields and patterns of Thin Linear Center-fed Antennas of different lengths, Radiation Resistance at a point which is not current
maximum.
Loop Antennas: Introduction, Comparison of loop antennas with dipole.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of the unitthe students will be able to:
1. Understand what is a dipole?
2. Calculate the radiation resistance of a half-wave dipole.
3.Explain the difference between near field, far-field,reactive near field.
TEACHING PLAN
No. of Learning Resources /
S. Lecture Proposed Delivery Course
Contents of syllabus to be taught Lecture References
No. Dates Methodologies Outcomes
Periods (Text Books /
 Journals /
Publications/ Open
Learning Resources)
DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
1) Retarded Potentials 1 31/07/17 with PPT) T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 1 & CO 2

01/08/17& DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

2) Radiation from Small Electric Dipole 2 T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 1 & CO 2
02/08/17 with PPT)
Quarterwave Monopole and Halfwave
03/08/17& DM1. Chalk and Talk
3) Dipole – Current Distributions, 2 T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 1 & CO 2
07/08/17 DM4. video
Evaluation of Field Components

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Power Radiated,Radiation Resistance,
4) 1 08/08/17 with PPT) T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 1 & CO 2
Beamwidths

Directivity, Effective Area and Effective DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
5) 1 09/08/17 with PPT) T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 1 & CO 2
Height

Natural current distributions, fields and DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
with PPT)
6) patterns of Thin Linear Center-fed 1 10/08/17 T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 1 & CO 2
Antennas of different lengths

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Radiation Resistance at a point which is with PPT)
7) 1 12/08/17 T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 1 & CO 2
not current maximum
 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
8) Loop Antennas : Introduction 1 16/08/17 with PPT) T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 1

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Comparison of loop antennas with
9) 1 17/08/17 with PPT) T.1,T.2&R.5 CO 3
dipole

DM1. Chalk and Talk

10) Problems 1 19/08/17 T.1,T.2&R.5

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

11) Revision 1 21/08/17 with PPT) T.1,T.2&R.5

12) Class Test 1 22/08/17

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
1. What is retarded potential? Explain different approaches to solve radiation problems.
2. Starting from the fundamentals, derive an expression for radiated electric field for half-wave dipole & sketch the field
strength pattern.
3. Prove that Ieff(transmitting) is same as Ieff(receiving) for any antenna where Ieff is effective length of an antenna.
4. Derive expressions for the electric & magnetic fields radiated by half-wave length dipole antenna
5. Define the terms directivity & power gain. Show that the directivity of a short current element is 1.5.

HOME ASSIGNMENT-II
1. Define & explain directivity & power gain for an antenna. What is the relation between the two? Prove that the directivity of a λ/2
aerial is 0.39 dB more than that of short dipole.
2. Define directivity & gain of an antenna. Bring out the relation between directivity & gain
3. Define directivity. Obtain the directivity of an isotropic antenna, short dipole & half-wave dipole.
4. Find the effective length of a half-wave dipole.
5. Define the effective aperture & calculate the effective aperture of 0.25λ dipole.
UNIT III

ANTENNA ARRAYS
2 element arrays – different cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, N element Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside, Endfire Arrays, EFA
with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their characteristics and comparison; Concept of Scanning Arrays. Directivity Relations (no
derivations).Related Problems.Binomial Arrays, Effects of Uniform and Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions, Design Relations.Arrays with
Parasitic Elements, Yagi - Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles and their characteristics.

NON-RESONANT RADIATORS
Introduction, Traveling wave radiators – basic concepts, Longwire antennas – field strength calculations and patterns, Microstrip Antennas-
Introduction, Features, Advantages and Limitations, Rectangular Patch Antennas –Geometry and Parameters, Impact of different parameters
on characteristics. Broadband Antennas: Helical Antennas – Significance, Geometry, basic properties; Design considerations for monofilar
helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes (Qualitative Treatment).

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this unit the students will be able to:
• Explain the parasitic elements
• Differentiate the conditions between broadside array and end fire array
• Know the modes in Microstrip antenna
• Know the principle of pattern multiplication
• Obtain the conditions for axial mode and normal mode
TEACHING PLAN

Learning Resources /
References
No. of
S. Lecture Proposed Delivery (Text Books / Course
Contents of syllabus to be taught Lecture
No. Dates Methodologies Journals / Outcomes
Periods
Publications/ Open
Learning Resources)
DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
2 element arrays – different cases,
1) 1 23/08/17 with PPT) CO 3
Principle of Pattern Multiplication
T.1& T.2
N element Uniform Linear Arrays – DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
2) Broadside, Endfire Arrays, EFA with 1 24/08/17 with PPT) T.1 & T.2 CO 1
Increased Directivity
Derivation of their characteristics and DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
with PPT)
3) comparison; Concept of Scanning 1 26/08/17 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
Arrays

Directivity Relations (no derivations). DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

4) 1 28/08/17 with PPT) T.1 & T.2 CO 1
Related Problems
Binomial Arrays, Effects of Uniform and DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
5) 1 29/08/17 with PPT)D4. Video T.1 & T.2 CO 1
Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions
 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
6) Design Relations 1 30/08/17 with PPT) T.1 & T.2 CO 1

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi -
7) 1 31/08/17 with PPT) T.1 & T.2 CO 1
Uda Arrays
DM7: Group Project
Folded Dipoles and their DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
8) characteristics. 1 02/09/17 with PPT) T.1 & T.2 CO 1

Introduction, Traveling wave radiators DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

with PPT)
9) – basic concepts,Longwire antennas – 1 11/09/17 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
field strength calculations and patterns

Microstrip Antennas-Introduction, DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

Features, Advantages and Limitations, with PPT)
10) 1 12/09/17 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
Rectangular Patch Antennas – DM7: Group Project
Geometry parameters

Impact of different parameters on DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

11) 1 13/09/17 with PPT) T.1 & T.2 CO 1
characteristics
Broadband Antennas: Helical Antennas DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
–Significance, Geometry, basic with PPT)
12) 1 14/09/17 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
properties
 Design considerations for monofilar DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
helical antennas in Axial Mode and with PPT)
13) 1 16/09/17 T.1 & T.2 CO 1& CO3
Normal Modes (Qualitative
Treatment).

14) Problems 1 18/09/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk T.1 & T.2

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

15) Revision 1 19/09/17 with PPT) T.1 & T.2

16) Class Test 1 21/09/17

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
1. What is the necessity of an array? Explain the three different types of arrays with regard to beam pointing direction.
2. Explain the principle of pattern multiplication. What is the effect of earth on the radiation pattern of antennas.
3. State the application of arrays.
4. What is an array factor? Find the array factor of two element array.
5. Explain how the radiation pattern of folded dipole can be modified with the addition of a reflector & two directors
parasitic elements.
6. Sketch the current distribution of folded dipole & find out input impedance when two legs have unequal diameters.
7. Explain the working of yagi antenna.
8. Discuss how the gain & field pattern of yagi-uda antenna can be measured, with neat sketches.
9. Design yagi-uda antenna of six elements to provide a gain of 12dbif the operating frequency is 200 MHz.
10. Derive an expression for the field pattern of a 2 element array & draw the field pattern
a) When d=λ/2 and α=0˚
b) When d=λ/2 and α=180˚

HOME ASSIGNMENT-III
1. Find the radiation pattern of a 4 isotropic element fed in phase, spaced λ/2 apart by using pattern multiplication.
2. Draw the radiation pattern of 8 isotropic elements fed in phase, spaced λ/2 apart with the principle of pattern multiplication.
3. What is uniform linear array? Discuss the application of uniform linear array.
4. Enumerate the advantages & disadvantages of linear arrays.
5. Derive an expression for radiated power (RP ) of a BSA with ‘n’vertical dipoles. Plot the RP in vertical & horizontal planars for
a BSA of 4 dipole.

UNIT IV
VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS - I
Reflector Antennas: Flat Sheet and Corner Reflectors. Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, characteristics, types of feeds, F/D Ratio, Spill
Over, Back Lobes, Aperture Blocking, Off-set Feeds, Cassegrainian Feeds.
Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns, Design Characteristics of Pyramidal Horns; Lens Antennas – Geometry, Features, Dielectric
Lenses and Zoning, Applications.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this unit the students will be able to
1. Explain the advantages of Cassegrain Feed
2. Know the concept of zoning
3. Draw the geometry of cassegrain feed for a paraboloid reflector
4. Know the difference between merits and demerits of lens antenna
TEACHING PLAN
 Learning Resources /
References
No. of
S. Lecture Proposed Delivery (Text Books / Course
Contents of syllabus to be taught Lecture
No. Dates Methodologies Journals / Outcomes
Periods
Publications/ Open
Learning Resources)
23/09/17
Reflector Antennas DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
1) 1 CO 1
: Flat Sheet and Corner Reflectors with PPT) T.1& T.2

Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, 25/09/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

2) 1 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
characteristics, types of feeds with PPT)
F/D Ratio, Spill Over, Back Lobes, 26/09/17
DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
3) Aperture Blocking, Off-set Feeds, 1 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
with PPT)
Cassegrainian Feeds.
27/09/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum
4) 1 with PPT) T.1 & T.2 CO 1
Horns
DM4. Video
Design Characteristics of Pyramidal 03/10/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
5) 1 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
Horns with PPT)
04/10/17
DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
6) Lens Antennas – Geometry, Features 1 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
with PPT)
 Dielectric Lenses and Zoning, 05/10/17
DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
7) Applications. 1 T.1 & T.2 CO 1
with PPT)

07/10/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

8) Revision 1 T.1 & T.2
with PPT)

9) Class Test 1 09/10/17

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
1. What is parasitic element? Describe the use of different types of parasites in TV receiving antennas.
2. What is a parabolic element? How does a parasitic element act when length is greater than & smaller than λ/2.
3. Discuss the conditions under which a parasitic dipole placed near & parallel to a driven dipole can act as a reflector.
4. Bring out the differences between active & passive corner reflectors. What are retro reflectors?
5. Discuss the application of image antenna concept to the 90˚ corner reflector.

HOME ASSIGNMENT-IV

1. Distinguish between sectoral, pyramidal & conical horns, with neat sketches. List out their utility & applications.
2. Write short notes on “Radiation from sectoral horn “.
3. What is an optimum horn? Sketch & explain its characteristics along with dimensional relations.
4. What is an electromagnetic horn antenna? What are its applications? The length of an E-plane sectoral horn is 15 cms. Design the
horn dimensions such that it is optimum at 10 GHz.
5. What is the principle of equality of path length? How is it applicable to horn antenna.
6. With neat schematics, explain the method of measurement of the gain of horn antenna by 3-antenna technique.
7. Explain radiation through aperture horn antenna & reflector antenna.
8. Explain the basic principle of operation of lens antenna.
9. Describe the “dielectric lens”.
10. Distinguish between natural dielectric & artificial dielectric lenses.

UNIT V
WAVE PROPAGATION
Concepts of Propagation – frequency ranges and types of propagations. Ground Wave Propagation–Characteristics, Parameters, Wave Tilt,
Flat and Spherical Earth Considerations.Sky Wave Propagation – Formation of Ionospheric Layers and their Characteristics, Mechanism of
Reflection and Refraction, Critical Frequency, MUF and Skip Distance – Calculations for flat and spherical earth cases, Optimum Frequency,
LUHF, Virtual Height, Ionospheric Abnormalities, Ionospheric Absorption.
Fundamental Equation for Free-Space Propagation, Basic Transmission Loss Calculations. Space Wave Propagation – Mechanism, LOS and Radio
Horizon. Tropospheric Wave Propagation – Radius of Curvature of path, Effective Earth’s Radius, Effect of Earth’s Curvature, Field Strength
Calculations, M-curves and Duct Propagation, Tropospheric Scattering.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After completion of this unitthe students will be able to:
1. Know the Modes of wave propagation
2. Explain the various layers and characterstics of Ionospheric layers.
3. Define wave tilt,Troposcatter,Ducting,M-curves

TEACHING PLAN
Learning Resources /
No. of
S. Lecture Proposed Delivery References Course
Contents of syllabus to be taught Lecture
No. Dates Methodologies (Text Books / Outcomes
Periods
Journals /
 Publications/ Open
Learning Resources)
10/10/17
Concepts of Propagation – frequency DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
1) 1 CO 3
ranges and types of propagations with PPT)
T.1& T.2

Ground Wave Propagation– 11/10/17 T.1 & T.2

DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
2) Characteristics, Parameters, Wave Tilt, 1 CO 3
with PPT)
Flat and Spherical Earth Considerations
Sky Wave Propagation – Formation of 12/10/17
DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
Ionospheric Layers and their
3) 1 with PPT) CO 3
Characteristics
DM4. Video T.1& T.2

Mechanism of Reflection and 14/10/17

Refraction, Critical Frequency, MUF DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
4) 1 CO 3
and Skip Distance – Calculations for with PPT)
T.1& T.2
flat and spherical earth cases
Optimum Frequency, LUHF, Virtual 16/10/17
Height, Ionospheric Abnormalities, DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
5) 1 CO 3
Ionospheric Absorption. with PPT)
T.1& T.2

17/10/17
Fundamental Equation for Free-Space DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
6) 1 CO 1 &CO 3
Propagation with PPT)
T.1& T.2
 19/10/17
DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
7) Basic Transmission Loss Calculations. 1 CO 3
with PPT)
T.1& T.2

21/10/17 T.1 & T.2

Space Wave Propagation – Mechanism, DM1. Chalk and Talk (along
8) 1 CO 3
LOS and Radio Horizon. with PPT)

Tropospheric Wave Propagation - 23/10/17

Radius of Curvature of path, Effective DM1. Chalk and Talk (along T.1 & T.2
9) 1 CO 3
Earth’s Radius, Effect of Earth’s with PPT)
Curvature

24/10/17
Field Strength Calculations, M-curves DM1. Chalk and Talk (along T.1 & T.2
10) 1 CO 3
and Duct Propagation with PPT)

Tropospheric Scattering 25/10/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along T.1 & T.2
11) 1 CO 3
with PPT)
Problems 26/10/17 T.1 & T.2
12) 1 DM1. Chalk and Talk CO 3

28/10/17 DM1. Chalk and Talk (along

13) Revision 1
with PPT)

14) Class Test 1 30/10/17

 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
1. What are the different mechanisms of propagation of electromagnetic waves? Explain.
2. Explain the following
a) Ground wave
b) Space wave
c) Surface wave
3. Discuss propagation characteristics of EM wave.
4. Describe the salient features of ground wave propagation. Discuss the effect of frequency earth constants & curvature of earth on
ground wave propagation.
5. Mention the salient features of ground wave propagation.
6. State & explain sommerfield equation for ground wave propagation.
7. What is angle of tilt? How does it affect the field strength at a distance from the transmitter?
8. Write short notes on characteristics of ground wave propagation.
9. Discuss the salient features of sky wave propagation.
10. Bring out the various problems associated with this mode of propagation. How are these problems overcome.

HOME ASSIGNMENT-V
1. Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation.
2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of communication at ultra-high frequencies.
3. A police radio transmitter operating at a frequency 1.69 GHz is required to provide a ground wave having strength of 0.5 mv/ m
at a distance of 16 km. The transmitter antenna having an efficiency of 50% produce a radiating field proportional of cosθ.
The ground wave has σ = 5 x 10-5 mho/cm and Єr = 15. Calculate the power transmitted.
4. A communication link is to be established between two stations using half wave length antenna foe maximum directive gain.
Transmitter power is 1 kW, distance between transmitter and receiver is 100 km. what is the maximum power received by
receiver frequency of operation if 100 MHz.
5. What are the different paths used for propagating radio waves from 300 kHz and 300 MHz.
6. Prove that the radio horizon distance between transmitting and receiving antennas is given by d miles = √2ht + √2hr.
7. Show that the r.m.s. value of the electric field Er.m.s produced at a distance of ‘r’ km in free space by antenna gain G and
radiating a power of P kW is given by Er.m.s. = 173√ PG/r mV/m.
8. Distinguish between radio and optical horizons. Give the reasons.
9. Show that the field strength due to space wave given by,
E = (2Eo/d) sin (2πhthr/λd).
10. Space wave propagates between transmitting and receiving stations of heights ‘h1’ and ‘h2’ respectively. Derive the expression for
field strength.
Home Assignment – No. 1(Mid-1)

Issue date:28/08/2017 Submission date:31/08/2017

Objective Test - No. 1(Mid-1)

Issue date:01/09/2017 Submission date:03/09/2017

12. MODEL QUESTION PAPER

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Subject Code R15
5EC08 (AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE)

III B.TECH. I SEMESTER REGULAR EXAMINATION-2017

SUBJECT: ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION

(ECE)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 60
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART-A

1. Answer the following 2×10 =20 Marks

xi. Define Beam Area and Beam efficiency.

xii. The radiation intensity of a particular antenna is given U=sin2θ. Determine the directivity of the antenna.
xiii. Compare the characteristics of half wave dipole and quarter wave monopole.

xiv. Compare the far fields of short dipole and small loop.
xv. Justify how radiation resistance is improved for a Folded Dipole.

xvi. Name four types of array antennas.

xvii. What is spill over in paraboloidal reflectors?

xviii. How is zoning done in dielectric lens antenna?

xix. What is wave tilt in ground wave propagation?

xx. What is Sporadic E region in Ionosphere?

Part-B
Answer the following questions 5×8=40 Marks

UNIT I

1. Explain the radiation mechanism in a dipole antenna.

(OR)

2. Explain the measurement of gain of an unknown antenna using Direct Comparison method.

UNIT II

3. Determine the field expressions for half wave dipole and Quarter wave Monopole.

(OR)

4. Prove mathematically that directivity of quarter wave monopole is twice that of half wave dipole.
UNIT III

5. Justify how by using the Hansen &Woodyard condition, directivity of an Endfire array can be improved.

(OR)

6. Explain with neat figures how radiation pattern of an eight element point sources spaced λ/2 apart,fed in phase can
be obtained using Pattern Multiplication?

UNIT IV

7. Explain about the various feed systems used in parabolic reflector

antennas. (OR)

8. Discuss the prominence of F/D ratio in parabolic reflector antennas.

UNIT V

9. Explain about Ionospheric abnormalities.

(OR)

10. Interpret the M-curves drawn for different terrains in the Duct Propagation.
11.
VNR VJIET/ACADEMICS/2017/Formats/II

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTIYUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Bachupally, Nizampet (S.O), Hyderabad – 500 090

LABORATORY EXECUTION PLAN: 2017-18

(III) B. Tech :(I ) Sem : (ECE-4)-

L T/P/D C
0 3 2
Course Name: ADVANCED ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS LABORATORY

Course Code: 5BS03)

Names of the Faculty Members: , Dr.D. Sudha

Rani&S.Saraswathi
Number of working days:
Number of Sessions per week per batch: 1(3 lecture periods)

COURSE PREREQUISITES: