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1 CLASSIFICATION
The primary objectives in planning the electrical system for a domestic building
are safety and economy. Other factors like energy efficiency, reliability, convenience and
provision for future expansion also merits consideration. The electrical installations of
residential buildings are perhaps the simplest form of electrical system. But , this system
needs careful planning because of the drastic life style changes that is sweeping across
the world. Electricity has become part and parcel of normal human life and it is almost
impossible to exist without electricity. It is in this context the design of electrical system
for domestic buildings is to be approached.
The characteristic feature if the type of installation for domestic buildings is that
the supply is derived at 240 V for single phase systems and at 415 V for three phase
systems.
2 ESTIMATION OF LOAD REQUIREMENTS
* indicates the number of fan points wired and the actual number of fans
provided.
National Electrical Code also provides the details regarding the minimum number
of socket outlets required for various sizes of residential buildings. Table 3 lists these
details.
Table 3 Details of socket outlets required for domestic buildings
Description Socket outlets
6A 16A
Bed rooms 2-3 1
Living rooms 2-3 2
Kitchen 1 2
Dining room 2 1
Garage 1 1
For Refrigerator 1
For Air conditioner 1
Verandah 1 for every 10 m2
Bath rooms 1 1
The details given are the minimum requirements and the owner of the building is
at liberty to decide to opt for higher number of points for their buildings in consultation
with the design engineer so as to meet the present as well as the future anticipated loads.
Once all the light points, fan points and the socket points are decided, the total connected
load of the building can be calculated.
The total installed apparent power (kVA) is assumed to be the sum of the kilo volt
ampere rating of the individual loads. The maximum demand kVA however need not be
equal to the installed kVA. This is because of the fact that all individual loads need not
necessarily operate at full rated power or at the same time. Therefore, a suitable
correction factor is to be applied to the installed capacity to determine the maximum kVA
demand of the building. The two factors that are useful are:
• Factor of maximum utilization ku and
• Factor of simultaneity ks
Factor of maximum utilization
In normal situation, power consumed by a load is less than the normal
rating of the load. For example, a motor may not be operating at its rated capacity. Hence
it is justifiable to apply a utilization factor k u to get a reliable estimate of the load. This
factor must be applied to individual loads which are very rarely operated at full load.
Standard values of ku are given below.
For fluorescent lighting ku =1.00
For industrial loads (motor) ku =0.75
For socket outlets ku –depends entirely on the type of apparatus being
supplied.
Factor of simultaneity - ks
It is a well known fact that the simultaneous operation of all the connected loads
of a given installation never occurs in practice. In other words, there is always some
degree of diversity and this factor is taken into account for the purpose of estimating. The
simultaneity factor ks are applied to a group of loads (e.g. Loads being supplied from a
distribution board or switch board).The determination of this factor is the sole
responsibility of the system designer, since it requires the detailed knowledge of the
working of the installation. For this reason it is not defined precisely. The term diversity
factor as defined in IEC and simultaneity factor ks are one and the same. However, in
India diversity factor is the reciprocal of simultaneity factor and its value is always
greater than one.
For domestic installations, the diversity factor can be assumed to be 2.00 to 2.50
on the assumption that only 40 to 50 percent of the connected load will be used
simultaneously.
EXAMPLE 1
The floor plan of a two storied residential building is shown in figure-1. Calculate
the number of light, fan, and socket and exhaust fan points required for the building as
per NEC norms. Also find out the type of supply required and the size of the distribution
board.
V I L L A - G {3 B E D R O O M S }
FI R ST F L O O R P L A N
A REA - 63 M ²
G RO U N D FL O O R PL A N
A REA - 105 M²
TO TA L A REA - 168 M ²
DA TE T ITLE S C AL E P .S.A B R A H A M
reg is te re d A rc h itec t & T o w n p lan n e r
1 : 100 T H IR U VA N A N T H A P U R A M , K E R A L A -69 5011
P H O N E :2 5504 43
ab raha m p u tha n @ yah o o .c o.in
14485
The maximum demand (assuming a diversity factor=2.5) =
2.5
= 5794 W
Determination of the size of the Distribution board
To determine the size of the distribution board, first thing to be done is to
calculate the number of light and power sub circuits. From table -4,
The number of light points = light + fan + 6A socket + exhaust fan +other points
= 7+22+7+21+4+3
= 64 points
Similarly, power points = 11 points
No of light points 64
The number of light sub circuits = = ≈ 11 light circuits
6 6
(According to Indian Standard specifications IS-732, the maximum number of light
points that can be wired in a light circuit is 10 or the maximum connected load in a light
circuit is 800 W-). A good engineering practice is to select the number of light points
between 6 and 8.
No of power points
The number of power circuits =
2
11
= = 6 power circuits.
2
The total number of sub circuits required = No of light circuits+ Power circuits
= 11+6 =17 sub circuits.
A three phase 8 way MCB distribution board will provide 24 sub circuits of which 17 can
be used now and the remaining 7 can be used as spare capacity for future expansion.
Specification of the Distribution board
Three phase distribution board conforming to IS-8623, universal mounting type
with 100 A copper bus bar, neutral bar , earth bar and cable ties for cable management
with top and bottom removable gland plates with knock outs and provision for four pole
RCD / MCB/ ISOLATOR as incoming and single pole MCBs as out going. The
protection class of the distribution board may be either IP20 (single door) or IP42 (double
door) with acrylic or metal door.
Incomer: 25 A, 4 pole, RCBO, 415volt, with 30 mA sensitivity
Outgoing: 6A single pole MCB with B-curve 11Nos
and 16A single pole MCB with C-curve 6Nos.
The B-curve MCBs are to be used for lighting loads and C-curve MCBs for
highly inductive loads. Most of the power devices other than the water heaters or cooking
ranges will be inductive in nature.
RCBO devices provide triple protection against earth leakage, over current and
short circuits. If ELCB+MCBs are used, protection is guaranteed for earth leakage and
short circuits only. MCBs provide protection against short circuit only. No protection is
guaranteed if only MCB isolators are used. It will serve only as an isolating device.
V I L L A - G {3 B E D R O O M S}
BATH RM. UP
150X170
DN
LEGEND
135X180 150X180
- Wall bracket
F I R ST F L O O R P L A N - 1x40W FL
A REA - 63 M²
UP
- 6A Socket
- 16A Socket
UP
MASTER BED
340X450
SITOUT
420 X 120
G R O U N D F L O O R PL A N
UP
A REA - 105 M²
TOTAL AREA - 168 M²
Figure -2 shows the plan layout of the example -1 with all electrical points
marked on the drawing. The locations of the light fixtures, ceiling fans, socket points etc
are clearly marked on the drawing which can serve as a document to be used at the
construction site. Such drawing will also be required for getting official sanctions for the
work from the Electricity Supply Departments.
3-1 General rules applicable for conduit wiring using rigid PVC conduits