LTE Cell Planning

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 The general process includes information collection, pre-planning, detailed planning,

and cell planning. In the cell planning, main concerns are frequency planning, TA
planning, PCI planning, and PRACH planning.

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 There are several new frequency band options for LTE, some of which are available
now or should be within the next few years. These include the 700MHz, AWS
(Advanced Wireless Services) and 2.6GHz bands, as well as the re-use of existing
GSM 900MHz and 1800MHz bands. In addition, due to poor harmonization, there are
other spectrum bands available, including: 850MHz, 1500MHz, 1700MHz and
1900MHz.

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 Application scenario: Adapt to situations with integrated operator frequency resources

and consecutive frequency bands. If the frequency point bandwidth is wide
(>=10MHz), it can be used as the initial network construction mode of the urban or
densely-populated urban areas. Basically satisfy the phase one capacity requirements.
Use relatively narrow frequency point bandwidth (<=10MHz) to implement wide
coverage of suburban and rural areas; thus reducing the initial network construction
cost.

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 Application scenario:
 Adapt to situations that the operator frequency resources are rich or frequency
bands dispersed and bandwidth is narrow.
 The system capacity is dependent on the bandwidth of single frequency point.
If the bandwidth of frequency point is wide (>=5MHz), it can be used on initial
network construction of dense or common urban. If the bandwidth of frequency
point is narrow (<5MHz), it can be used on coverage of suburban and rural
areas.

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 LTE Cell Planning

 ICIC is a technology that mitigates inter-cell interference together with the scheduling
and power control technologies. ICIC is applied at the Medium Access Control (MAC)
layer. ICIC restricts highly interfering CEUs within the orthogonal bands at the edge of
cells or schedules the CEUs in neighboring cells at different points of time. In this
way, ICIC mitigates inter-cell interference, increases the CEU throughput, and
improves the system coverage. This document provides the details on ICIC.

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 TA: Similar to the location area and routing area in 2G/3G networks, the tracking area
(TA) is used for paging. TA planning aims to reduce location update signaling caused
by location changes in the LTE system.

 TA list : A list of TAIs that identify the tracking areas that the UE can enter without
performing a tracking area updating procedure. The TAIs in a TAI list assigned by an
MME to a UE pertain to the same MME area. In LTE system, if an UE changes the
TAs in the TAI list, TA update won’t be triggered.

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 In the Los Angles, there are several independent density area that connected by the
main road (like island) . The UE may go across the different area through this road.

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 In this scenario, users are average distributed in each area

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 A TA coverage should be proper setting according to the capability of EPC

 When the suburban area and urban area are covered discontinuously, an
independent TA is used for the suburban area.

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 PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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 PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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 Differences between a scrambling code and a PCI: The scrambling code ranges from
0 to 511 whereas the PCI ranges from 0 to 503. In addition, the protocols do not have
specific requirements for scrambling code planning. Therefore, only the reuse
distance needs to be ensured in scrambling code planning. For PCI planning,
however, 3GPP protocols require that the value of PCI/3 should be 0, 1, or 2 in each
eNB.

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 PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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 A CP is a copy of the end of an OFDM symbol to the start position of the symbol.
Each CP generates a guard interval between two OFDM symbols.

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 The symbol energy that can be captured by the OFDM receiver depends on the CP
length:
 If the CP is longer than the multipath delay of an OFDM symbol, the OFDM
receiver can capture all energy of the symbol.
 If the CP is shorter than the multipath delay of an OFDM symbol, the OFDM
receiver can capture only some energy of the symbol.

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LTE Cell Planning

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 The random access procedure is used in various scenarios, including initial access,
handover, or re-establishment. Like other 3GPP systems the random access
procedure provides a method for contention and non-contention based access. The
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) includes RA (Random Access)
preambles generated from ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequences.
 There are five preamble formats defined which four of them are for FDD

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 Other preamble formats then Format 0 and Format 4 (TDD) are available only with the
LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius feature.

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 c = speed of light (300000km/h)

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 * in fact, with the lowest configuration, where we assume maximum cell radius of
790m we assign only one value per cell. Further explanation on following slides.

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 PRACH configuration is defined by the following parameters

 Root sequence, setting in the eNodeB
 Ncs: Automatically setting based on the cell radius configuration
 PRACHfrequency offset: Scheduled by eNodeB
 High speed flag: Indicate whether the cell is for high speed
 All the parameters all carried by Sib2

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 Calculations:

Max Cell Radius Max Cell Radius

Preamble Max Delay
ZeroCorrZone Ncs T_GT (ms) (according to T_GT) (according to Ncs)
Format Spread [ms]
[km] [km]

0 839 3 715.625 16.666 107.344 117.214

1 13 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 0.792
2 15 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 1.078
3 18 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 1.507
4 22 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 2.079
5 26 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 2.651
6 32 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 3.510
7 38 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 4.368
8 46 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 5.512
9 59 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 7.371
10 76 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 9.803
11 93 0 96.875 5.208 14.531 12.234
12 119 2 196.875 5.208 29.531 15.953
13 167 2 196.875 5.208 29.531 22.818
14 279 1 515.625 16.666 77.344 37.119
15 419 1 515.625 16.666 77.344 57.143

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 Here is an another example for the root sequence planning, suppose the cell radius is
10km
 The Ncs value is determined by the cell radius. If the cell radius is 9.8 km, the
Ncs value is 76
 The value of 839/76 is rounded down to 11, that is, each index can generate
11 preamble sequences. In this case, six root sequence indexes are required
to generate 64 preamble sequences.
 The number of available root sequence indexes is 139 (0, 6, 12…828)
 The available root sequence indexes are assigned to cells. The assignment
principles are similar to those for PCIs.

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 Meaning: Indicates the ratio of UL subframes to DL subframes in a TDD cell. For

details, see 3GPP TS 36.211.
 GUI Value Range: SA0(SA0), SA1(SA1), SA2(SA2), SA3(SA3), SA4(SA4),
SA5(SA5), SA6(SA6)
 Unit: None
 Actual Value Range: SA0, SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5, SA6

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