Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Table 3 shows . . . .
Figure 5 illustrates . . . . Note: All
in Active
Our results indicate . . . . Voice
Our hypothesis predicts X.
Opinions among us vary.
Upgrade most rough-draft common verbs to become more precise verbs (see verb pages):
For elegance and formality, specify meanings of “get” (“receive?” “become?” “understand?”).
Change colloquial (puhekieli) expressions to more formal ones (see verb pages):
Colloquial Formal
Beware of vague“so.” “So (thus?) X occurred?” “It was so fast.” (How fast?)
In writing, “not” is always a weak word. Murder the word “not” in three ways:
Substitute negatives OR
2. Scan to the left to find its subject (often located far away).
Read this too-complex and difficult practice-sentence with its five substantives in bold.
“The actual reason for these changes in policy that seem to alter the newest
_____________________________________________________
Note more sentences with widely separated subject and verb. Mark the agent; find the subject
(agent) and the verb that shows its action. Revise and reorganize these sentences so that these are
closer together, and information comes in a more logical, clear order. Note the words in italics.
Examples adapted from Duke University, (my alma mater!) Scientific Writing Resource, 2013
Eggs, nuts, shrimp, mushrooms, milk and other foods containing lactose, and
some species of tree and grass pollen are often found to act as allergens.
Finns tend to over-use words like the adjective "present" and the verb "perform." The latter
has soared in popularity in medical writing in the last 40 years. EASE leader Elise Langdon-
Neuner illustrates the "fiends of academic writing: imprecision, wordiness, overuse of
abstract/ nominalized nouns, and the passive voice" with this sentence:
Administration of H(2) receptor antagonists was performed in patients.
Slay these fiends "at the stroke of a pen." (European Science Editing, February 2015).
Similarly, slay (kill) The presence of a nucleus in each cell can be observed.