Employee Engagement

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Table of Contents

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................... 3

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 4

LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 4

Employee engagement .......................................................................................................... 4

Leadership in relation to engagement ................................................................................... 5

Motivation in relation to engagement ................................................................................... 6

FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 8

Employee engagement at British Airways ............................................................................. 8

Motivation effect in relation to engagement at British Airways ........................................... 9

Leadership effect in relation to engagement at British Airways ......................................... 10

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 11

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................. 12

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ABSTRACT
Employee are an important asset of the organization that help them in achieving the
success in the market. The employee engagement is based on the British airways that explains
the importance of the leadership in the organization. There are some factors such as trust,
communication that can affect the motivational level of the workers. It also explains that how
rewards and incentives can help them in improving the motivation level of the staff members.
The present article focuses on the employee engagement and how they can achieve success in
the market through effective engagement practices. Leadership and motivation can affect the
employee engagement. If workers will not get proper guidance or direction from their leader
then their dissatisfaction level can be increased and their involvement level will not get
enhanced. For this, self motivation of the staff members is also important in increasing the
engagement of employees. If employees motivation level is low then their overall job
satisfaction is also low and they will not be able to achieve goals in an efficient manner. On the
other hand, if a leader will not communicate with their group members in an efficient manner
then they will not be able to perform the task in an effective manner.

INTRODUCTION
Employees are an important factor of the organization. Workers help an enterprise in
achieving their objectives so that they can get success in the market. Employee engagement is
related to their emotional attachment that they have towards the goals of the company and
their workplace. Along with this, this will lead towards the quality services, higher sales and
higher customer satisfaction. Through an effective leadership and motivation the employee
engagement can be improved. The manager can also provide some rewards and incentives to
their workers so that their overall motivational level can be increased. Through this, the
employee engagement can be improved and their satisfaction towards their job can be
increased. On the other hand, leaders can also motivate their team members by solving their

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issues that they faced at the workplace. The present report is based on British Airways which
perform their operations in United Kingdom. They have approx 183 destinations through the
world and number of employees who are working in the industry are approx 143, 000. They all
are responsible to off

er quality services to their customers. For this, the leaders of British Airways focuses on their
workers so that their performance level will be enhanced. The below mentioned report explain
the role of the leadership in improving the employee engagement.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Employee Engagement
According to the Shuck, Reio Jr and Rocco, employee engagement is a term that refers to
the extent to which an employee is get involved and committed towards the task and job in the
organization. It has been analysed by Biswas, Varma and Ramaswami that this is an approach
that is used by the firm in order to increase the motivation among all the workers so that
overall performance can be improved. It is directly related to the job satisfaction and the sense
of belongingness of the worker with the enterprise. As per the view point of Welch, he said that
for the business organization it is related to their growth, profits, low turnover, high retention,
productivity, their brand recognition and so on. They can improve their brand image at global
level and along with this they will be able to achieve their competitive advantage in the market
than any other market leader. Gruman and Saks believe that every staff member have their
own attitude, behaviour and beliefs. On the basis of these their engagement can be measured
in an efficient manner. Some are committed towards their work and some are focusing on their
customers so that they will be able to get the quality services. Employee engagement is related
to the communication, trust, integrity between the organisation and workers. Through this
approach, an organisation will be able to achieve the success in the market and that will lead
towards the high productivity level. When staff members are highly motivated then they get
involved in the goals of the firm and contribute to the success so that their overall performance
can be improved.

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Leadership in Relation to Engagement
Leadership can be defined as the particular action that helps in leading a people or group in
an organisation. It can also be defined as the direction, guidance , control that is being applied
on the group of people working. It is the responsibility of the manager to retain their
employees in the enterprise so that their motivation level get increased and they will be able to
accomplish their specified goals.

There are some issues that are related to the leadership in the firm such as trust,
communication, transparency, team building, motivation and so on. Leadership styles are not
only used to improve the growth of the company but it is also used to maintain the relations
among a leader and their followers. If this relationship get improved than the trust and an
effective communication can be build among the workers and their superior.

Leaders should know their staff or followers that is key for employee engagement, there
should be a clarity of goals and actions so that the workload will not hinder employees and they
can get engaged in their work. In this way leadership can be helpful for employee engagement
in an organisation that will increase productivity as well.

It has been argued by the Shuck, that leadership is the another factor that may affect the
employee engagement and due to this disengagement of workers are get increased in the
industry. The employee engagement is based on the salary, rewards, proper guidance from the
leader and so on.

According to the Brad Shuck, Rocco and Albornoz, in every organization there are different
types of people such as engaged, not engaged and actively disengaged. Engaged workers are
more highly involved or committed in the objectives of the firm and they don't want to leave
their job. On the other hand, actively disengaged workers are highly negative people in the
entity and they increases the cost of the company due to their law quality work. Employee
engagement is directly related to the productivity of the organization. If engagement is get
increased than quality of work is also get increased.

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 Illustration 1: Relationship among
employment and productivity, 2017
(Relationship among employment and productivity, 2017)

According to the Mone and London, he said that line managers have to play an important
role in the firm so that their day to day activities and operations can be managed in an efficient
manner. They have to make the strategies, set the targets, decision making and
implementation of the policies so that overall goals can be accomplished. On the other hand, all
managers are actively involved in the team work of their department so that morale of group
members can be enhanced and they get the right direction in order to accomplish the task.
Along with these, the manager have to face many challenges while working in a the enterprise
such as poor relations among all the co-workers.

It is the responsibility of the leader to provide the proper guidance to their group members
so that they can increase the employee engagement at the workplace. As per the views of
Slack, Corlett and Morris the satisfaction level of the workers is depends upon the direction and
guidance of the leaders. For this, they have to adopt some of the styles such as autocratic,
democratic so that they can enhance their performance. On the contrary, through these
approach the overall employee satisfaction can be improved.

Motivation in Relation to Engagement

Motivation can be defined as the particular way of behaving or a set of facts that are used
in the support of any activity or proposal. It can also be defined as the external or internal

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factor that create energy and desire in people and motivates to do a work with full energy and
positive vibes.

According to Shuck and Herd, trust is a factor that can build a strong relationship among all
employees so that problems get reduced and overall performance can be improved. Trust is
related to the beliefs, values and attitude of the workforce towards the company and their
culture. Role of leadership is also important for the engagement of employees, leader should
maintain a proper communication with employees, a good culture should be maintained.
Proper coaching to the managers should be provided and good relationship must be
maintained for the engagement of employees. Along with this, it is related to the intrinsic
motivation of the members. So, the industry focuses on the trust factor in order to improve the
relationship among all the people who are working as a team at the workplace. If this type of
environment is created then all staff members will feel comfortable for performing their work
and they will be able to accomplish their pre specified goals. Mishra, Boynton and Mishra,
suggest that workers engagement can be increases on the basis of proper and clear
communication among all the employees. It is a kind of tool that is used by the enterprise so
that all managers can communicate with their internal stakeholders.

As per the given case of industry, they are also conducting some of the strategies in the
firm in order to improve their overall growth and their position in UK market. They proposed a
plan such as pulling people first that explains that if an employee feel comfortable with own in
the organisation then they can deal with the different kind of people. The manager of the entity
also believes in the two way communication because this can provide an opportunity to the
people to place their own ideas in front of the top management. Through this campaign, the
company will be able to get the reviews of their customers and change the policies as per the
need of the service users. Along with this, sense of belongingness can be enhanced among all
the users of the company and due to the self esteem trust can be build that will remove all the
communication gap.

Shuck and Reio Jr, stated that it is the responsibility of the leader to develop the core
competencies of the employees so that they can achieve their own objectives. There are many

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employees who are leaving the job due to the lack of motivation. The company provide training
and development program to their workers so that they will be able to enhance their
knowledge, experience and attitude towards the work. Mangers can motivate their staff so as
to engage employees in work, they can increase pay, raise in pay increase 30% of performance,
redesigning of job raise 17% performance, setting of goals raise 16% performance, pa

Participation of employees in setting goals improve 1% of performance. As per the view point
of Bal, Kooij and De Jong, organization should provide an opportunity to their workforce so that
they can develop their own learning abilities.

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According to the view point of Sonenshein and Dholakia, the enterprise can use these
models and theories in order to increase the motivation of the workers. Apart from theories
and models, organizations can also conduct training and development in their business
environment. Through this, all employees will be able to perform their tasks in an efficient
manner so that their overall objectives can be improved. In order to provide the training and
development, the industry have to plan their budget so that they can generate more revenues.
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FINDINGS

Employee Engagement at British Airways

The manager of British Airways using some of the models and theories such as Herzberg,
vroom expectancy and Maslows hierarchy. Through this the motivation level of the employees
will get increased so their productivity also get enhanced. The employees of the airline industry
focused on their employees so that their satisfaction level can be increased and they will be
able to get committed towards the objectives of the company. Through an effective leadership
and motivation, the employees engagement can be improved at the workplace.

Wollard and Shuck, says that leader should be their in the organization because they can
lead an enterprise towards success. Along with this, manager has to provide a healthy and safe
environment to their staff members then only they will feel comfortable while doing their work.
For this, they have to follow health and safety law that is made by government so that they can
ensure smooth functioning at the workplace. So, in this manner the employee engagement can
be improved in an enterprise.

Feedback should be given to the people who are working in British Airways so that their
performance can be improved and they will be able to get the positive reinforcement from
their manager. Wang and Hsieh, says that British Airways can use this approach in order to
increase the motivation among all the staff members by identifying their personal and
professional demands. By identifying these requirements, manager of airline industry will be
able to enhance the overall satisfaction level of the workers.

Leader should communicate well with their employees to increase trust between them
and to discuss their problems. Employees of the British Airways should also be given motivation
so that they can work effectively and efficiently. Time to time training programs, performance
appraisal, involvement of employees in decision making should be their, so that the employees
get motivated and can engage in their work, employees can also be motivated when benefits

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are given to them that may include medical, home etc. Further, through training and
development the satisfaction level among all workforce can be increased and that will lead
towards the success. When satisfaction level is get enhanced then they contribute in towards
the objectives and goals of the firm.

The significance of employee engagement can be measured on the basis of their

performance in the organization so that they can achieve their objectives. There is higher
competition in the environment, so it is a challenge for the firm to get success in the country.
When this communication gap get reduced then the level of satisfaction will get enhanced in
the people who are working in the company. As per the view point of Anitha, he said that
through the employee engagement the industry will be able to improve their quality services
and they can offer these quality services to the customers so that their satisfaction level can be
increased.

Motivation Effect in Relation to Engagement at British Airways

According to the view point of Shuck and Reio Jr, he said that if motivation level is get
increased of the employees then through this turnover and absenteeism can be decreased.
They can improve their growth in the market and they can retain their excellent workers in the
enterprise. Further, they can increase the employee engagement in the company.

According to the view point of Mirvis, there are many models and theories that are used by
the organization so that employees motivation level can be increased. Some of the theories are
vroom expectancy theory, Herzberg two factor theory, Maslows motivational theory and so on.

The vroom theory is based on to maximise the profits and minimize the issues that
employees have in the firm. This theory also stated that the performance of an employee is
based on some factors such as knowledge, experience, skills and so on. This is based on three
elements such as valance, expectancy and instrumentality. Valence is related to the emotional
needs of the worker such as rewards and incentives. The manager should identify these needs
and wants of their staff members so that their motivation level can be increased. It is critically
argued by Abraham, that this theory will take time as they are individually focused on the

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motivational factors. It is not beneficial for those who have to make long term patterns in order
to identify the need of the people who are working in the company.

Another theory is Herzberg two factor motivational theory that is based on the two
elements such as motivator and hygiene. Hygiene factors are important for increasing the
motivation among all the employees. If these factors are not present in the firm then it will lead
towards the dissatisfaction among all the employees. Some of these factors are job security,
policies, salary, fringe benefits and relationship among all the co-workers. On the other hand,
motivators are related to the rewards, recognition, promotion at workplace and so on. Through
these positive satisfaction can be increased among all the staff members. It has been argued by
Wang and Hsieh, that this theory doesn't focus on the situational factors and the blue collar
workers.

The theory of maslow is based on the needs and wants of the employees at five different
levels. He stated that these needs are divided into five stages such as physiological, safety,
belongingness, self esteem and self actualization. It is Physiological needs are the basic needs of
the employee that can be related to the salary and safety needs are related to the job security,
medical insurance in the enterprise. Belongingness are based on the trust and acceptance
among all the co-workers. Self esteem is related to the self respect, independence and so on.
Self actualization is related to the potential of the employees that can improve the growth of an
individual. By identifying these needs of an employee, British Airways can increase the
satisfaction level of their staff members. Through this approach, the employee engagement can
be increased so through the overall performance of the industry can be improved.

Leadership Effect in Relation to Engagement at British Airways

It is stated in the case study of British Airways that company is sharing their profits with
their staff members in order to motivate them so they will be able to offer quality services to
their employees. Along with this, the airline industry also provide an opportunity to their
workers that they can place their creative and innovative ideas in front of the management. The
enterprise can implement these ideas in order to increase the morale of the people. Robertson,
Jansen Birch and Cooper, stated that rewards and incentives can be given to the employees so

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the satisfaction among them can be increased. The manager can provide the reward to the
workers for their ideas that they are given to the top management and their performance.
Along with this, incentives can be given to the people who do overtime or work hard than any
other employees in the organisation.

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Mone and London, argues that transformational leadership is a type of style that is followed by
the leaders of the industry. This is highly linked with the job satisfaction and motivation of the
employees as well as it also increases the engagement of workers in the firm. As per the given
case when management follow bureaucratic style in the organisation then it will lead towards
the poor relations among employees and their relations with their superiors. Through this, they
will not be able to provide quality services to their customers so their brand image is also get
decreased. Along with this, British Airways will not be able to gain the competitive advantage
on the basis of their cost cutting strategy because some of the cost cannot be controlled by the
firm such as fuel and airport charges. So, by improving the overall leadership styles leaders of
the airline industry have to adopt the situational style so that they can enhance the overall
performance of the firm. When all staff members are get satisfied then their employment
engagement can be improved.

Leadership and motivation is very necessary in British Airways so as to increase the

employee engagement in a company. Leader of the company should clearly define objectives
and goals so that employees should have clear image regarding their description of job, that

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will eventually engage them in their work if the job description will be clear. As noted by James,
McKechnie and Swanberg, a leader should focus on these issues then only they can increase the
employee engagement in the firm. So, an effective employee relation and leadership styles can
improve the overall performance of British Airways.

CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it has been concluded that employees engagement can
be measured through their performance. Shuck and Reio Jr, says that employee engagement is
related to the involvement and commitment of the workers towards the companies goals.
Engaged staff members can help the enterprise in accomplish their objectives and disengaged
people are less productive. As per the view point of Wollard and Shuck, leadership play an
important factor in increasing the motivation among all the workforce. Leaders are the one
who can lead the company towards success and they have to adopt a style as per their
capability so overall performance of British Airways can be improved. On the basis of the
finding it can be concluded that some of the theories such as Malow, Herzberg are used by the
organization so that their overall motivation level can be increased. Along with this, rewards
and incentives should be given to the workers by British Airways so that turnover and
absenteeism can be decreased in the firm. Through this, the manager can retain their
employees in the firm so that they can sustain their competitive advantage. The motivation
and leadership affect the engagement of the employees in the organisation. British Airways
provide focuses on the leadership styles so that all employees satisfaction can be enhanced and
that will lead towards the success.

REFERENCES

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Abraham, S., 2012. Job satisfaction as an antecedent to employee engagement. SIES Journal of
Management. 8(2). p.27.
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reasonable price.
Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee
performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.
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enhance employee engagement and commitment? The role of psychological contract
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employee perspective: Implications for HRD. Journal of European Industrial Training.
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Gruman, J.A. and Saks, A.M., 2011. Performance management
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