PREVENTION & REPAIR OF

CRACKS IN CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
BY
B.B.GAMIT XEN( C) W.RLY.
K.S.KRISHNAN AEN (D) W.RLY.
S.C.NAG AEN(W) W.RLY.
G.K.SIROHI AEN ( C) W.RLY
GUIDED BY
SHRI.V.B.SOOD PT-2,IRICEN
BROAD CLASSIFICATION
STRUCTURAL CRACKS
DUE TO INCORRECT DESIGN, FAULTY
CONSTRUCTION OR OVER LOADING AND
THESE MAY ENDANGER THE SAFETY OF A
BUILDING
NON-STRUCTURAL CRACKS
DUE TO INTERNALLY INDUCED STRESSES IN 
BUILDING MATERIALS AND DO NOT 
ENDANGER SAFETY OF A BUILDING, BUT MAY 
CREATE AN IMPRESSION OF FAULTY WORK OR
MAY GIVE A FEELING OF INSTABILITY.
ORIGIN OF CRACKS

CRACKS MIGHT DEVELOP DUE TO -

1.DETERIORATION OF CONCRETE OR
CORROSION OF REBARS DUE TO POOR
CONSTRUCTION OR INAPPROPRIATE
SELECTION OF CONSTITUENT MATERIALS.

2..TEMPERATURE AND SHRINKAGE EFFECTS.

SETTLEMENT OF SUPPORTS. 
NATURAL HAZARDS;  ETC. 
STRUCTURAL CRACKS

IN STRCTURAL MEMBERS LIKE BEAM, ,COLUMNS 
AND SLABS
FLEXURAL CRACKS IN BEAM 
OCCURE AT THE MAXIMUM MOMENT REGION 
THE SECTION CAPACITY TO RESIST THE MOMENT 
OF RESISTANCE IS LESS 
THE REINFORCEMENT IS IN ADEQUATE 
SECTION PROVIDED MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT 
BEAM JUNCTION WITH CONTINUITY 
CHARACTERSTICS

OCCURS WHEN THERE IS FLEXURAL 
STRENGTH DEFICIENCY 
MAXIMUM WIDTH AT TENSION FACE 
CONVERGES TOWARDS OTHER FACE 
OCCURS EITHER SINGLY OR IN GROUP 
EFFECTS
AFFECTS STRUCTURAL SOUNDNESS 
ATTENDED TO AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE 
SHEAR FLEXURE CRACKS IN
BEAM

COMBINATION OF SHEAR AND 
MOMENT 
DEFICIENCY OF SHEAR AND 
MOMENT CAPACITY 
CHARACTERSTICS

OCCURS WHEN THERE IS SHEAR ST. 
DEFICIENCY 
OCCURS IN MAXIMUM SHEAR REGION 

MAXIMUM WIDTH AT MID­DEPTH 

CONVERGES TOWARDS TOP/BOTTOM 

OCCURS EITHER SINGLY OR IN GROUP 

EFFECTS
AFFECTS STRUCTURAL SOUNDNESS 
NEEDS TO BE ATTENDED TO AS EARLY 
AS POSSIBLE 
TORSIONAL CRACK IN BEAM

INADEQUACY TO RESIST TORSION

BOND SLIP CRACK IN BEAMS
DUE TO ABRUPT CURTAILMENT OF 
REINFORCEMENTS 
INADEQUATE BOND SLIPPING OF BARS 
CHARACTERSTICS

OCCURS WHEN THERE IS TORSIONAL 
STRENGTH DEFICIENCY 
UNIFORM WIDTH THROUGHOUT 
OCCURS IN THE FORM OF A SPIRAL 
OCCURS SINGLY 
EFFECTS
•AFFECTS STRUCTURAL SOUNDNESS
• NEEDS TO BE ATTENDED TO
IMMEDIATELY
DISTURBACE CRACKS IN BEAMS

CONSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES
REMOVAL/STRIPPING OF 
FORMWORK/SHUTTERING 
SUPPORTING THE MEMBERS
TENSION CRACKS IN TIE BEAMS
IN ADEQUATE REINFORCEMENTS TO 
RESIST TENSION
POOR QUALITY OF CONCRETE
HORIZONTAL CRACKS IN COLUMNS 
CORROSION OF REINFORCEMENTS
COLUMN SECTION NOT DESIGNED 
FOR MOMENT
DIAGONAL CRACKS IN COLUMNS 
LATERAL FORCES NOT CONSIDERED
SECTON NOT ADEQUATE TO RESIST 
AXIAL LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY
CORROSION/BOND CRACK IN COLUMNS

CORROSION OF REINFORCEMENTS 

COVER NOT ADEQUATE 

QUALITY OF CONCRETE 
FLEXURE CRACKS IN SLABS

DEFICIENCY IN DESIGN
UNDER ASSESSMENT OF LOADING 
OVER LOADING OF SECTION POOR 
CONCRETE QUALITY
TOP FLEXURE CRACKS IN SLAB MAIN 
REINFORCMENT INADEQUATE
DISTRIBUTION OF REINFORCEMENTS 
NOT CONTINUOUS
SHRINKAGE CRACKS IN CANTILEVER 
SLAB
W/C RATIO HIGH IN CONCRETE 
IMPROPER CURING
NO RESTRAINTS AT CORNERS
CONSTRUCTION JOINT CRACKS 
IN BEAMS
CRACKS DUE TO SETTLEMENT 
OF FOUNDATION
DIRECTION OF CONCRETING
NON STRUCTURAL
CRACKS
PLASTIC SETTLEMENT
PLASTIC SHRINKAGE
EARLY THERMAL CONTRACTION
LONG TERM DRYING SHRINKAGE
CRAZING
DUE TO CORROSION OF CONCRETE
DUE TO ALKALI- AGGREGATE REACTION
SULPHATE ATTACK
DUE TO CORROSION OF STEEL
PLASTIC
SETTLEMENT
PLASTIC SETTLEMENT
PROBABLE AREA
– OVER REINFORCEMENT, ARCHING,
CHANGE OF DEPTH
PROBABLE LOCATIONS
– DEEP SECTIONS, TOP OF COLUMNS/
TROUGHS
CAUSE
– EXCESS BLEEDING
– RAPID EARLY DRYING
REMEDY
– REDUCE BLEEDING
– REVERBERATE MILDLY
TIME OF APPEARANCE
– TEN MIN. TO THREE HOURS
PLASTIC SHRINKAGE
PROBABLE AREA
– RANDOM OVER REINFORCEMENT MESH,
DIAGONAL, NORMAL TO WIND DIRECTION
PROBABLE LOCATIONS
– RCC SLABS
CAUSE
– RAPID EARLY DRYING
– LOW BLEEDING AND FAST SURFACE
EVAPORATION
REMEDY
– IMPROVE EARLY CURING AND TROWEL
TIME OF APPEARANCE
– THIRTY MIN. TO SIX HOURS
PLASTIC
SHRINKAGE
EARLY THERMAL
EXPANSION
AND CONTRACTION
PROBABLE AREA
– EXTERNAL/ INTERNAL RESTRAINT
PROBABLE LOCATIONS
– THICK WALLS, THICK SLABS
CAUSE
– EXCESS HEAT GENERATION, EXCESS TEMP.
GRADIENT
– RAPID COOLING, CURING BY COLD WATER
REMEDY
– REDUCE HEAT AND/OR INSULATE, COOL
CONCRETE, REDUCE SPACING OF STEEL
TIME OF APPEARANCE
– ONE DAY TO 2-3 WEEKS
LONG TERM DRYING
SHRINKAGE
MOVEMENT,
PROBABLE AREA INEFFICIENT JOINTS
PROBABLE – EXCESS SHRINKAGE,
LOCATIONS INEFFICIENT CURING
– THIN WALLS, THIN REMEDY
SLABS
– REDUCE W/C RATIO,
CAUSE IMPROVE CURING
– ABSENCE OF TIME OF
APPEARANCE – SEVERAL WEEKS OR
MONTHS
CRAZING
PROBABLE AREA
– AGAINST FORMWORK
PROBABLE LOCATIONS
– FAIR FACED SLABS
CAUSE
– IMPERMEABLE FORMWORK,
OVER TROWELLING
– RICH MIXES, POOR CURING
REMEDY
– IMPROVE CURING AND
FINISHING
TIME OF APPEARANCE
– 1-7 DAYS, SOMETIMES LATER
CORROSION OF CONCRETE
PROBABLE AREA

– NATURAL AND SLOW, FAST IF CACL IS PRESENT

PROBABLE LOCATIONS

– ALTERNATE DRYING AND WETTING, HUMIDITY

CAUSE

– LACK OF COVER AND DAMPNESS, CARBONATION,

CHLORIDES

– POOR QUALITY CONCRETE

REMEDY
– USE DENSE CONCRETE (PORTLAND BLAST FURNACE
SLAG CEMENT), DEHUMIDIFY, CATHODE PROTECTION

TIME OF APPEARANCE

– MORE THAN TWO YEARS

CORROSION OF
CONCRETE
CARBONATION
THE DIFFUSION OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 IN
THE GASEOUS PHASE OF THE CONCRETE
PORES AND REACTS IN FOLLOWING TWO
WAYS.

THE DISSOLUTION OF SOLID CA(OH)2 FROM

CEMENT GEL INTO THE PORE WATER AND
REACTION OF DISSOLVED CO2 WITH
DISSOLVED CA(OH)2 IN THE PORE WATER.

THE REACTION OF DISSOLVED CO2 WITH

CSH.
CORROSION OF
CONCRETE-
CARBONATION
>

>
! ""
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CORROSION OF
CONCRETE-
CARBONATION
½
X= K T
% & !
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CORROSION OF
CONCRETE-
CARBONATION
CORROSION OF
CONCRETE-
CHLORIDES
MIXING WATER
AGGREGATES
ADMIXTURES (ACCELERATORS)
CURING WATER
SURROUNDING SOIL
SEA WATER
CORROSION OF
CONCRETE-

CRITICAL CHLORIDE
CONTENT
ALKALI AGGREGATE
REACTION
AGGREGATES
PROBABLE LOCATIONS
REACTING WITH
– DAMP AREA, SHOWS ALKALI IN CEMENT
GEL TYPE OR DRIED
REMEDY
RESIN TYPE DEPOSIT
IN CRACKS – USE PROPER
AGGREGATES, USE
CAUSE
PORTLAND BLAST
– REACTIVE SILICATES FURNACE SLAG
AND CARBONATES IN CEMENT, KEEP WATER
AWAY
– MORE THAN FIVE
TIME OF APPEARANCE YEARS
ALKALI AGGREGATE
REACTION
SULPHATE ATTACK

SULPHATE SALTS FROM SURROUNDING

SOIL REACT WITH C3A . NO DEPOSITS LIKE
THOSE IN ALKALI- AGGREGATE REACTION
USE LOW C3A CEMENT, PORTLAND BLAST
FURNACE SLAG CEMENT
TIME OF APPEARANCE
-AFTER TWO YEARS
SULPHATE ATTACK
HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF SULPHATE IONS
(SO4--) + CA(OH)2 + 2H2O ->

CASO42H2O + 2OH- + EXPANSION

LOW SULPHATE ION CONCENTRATION
CALCIUM ALUMINATE HYDRATE +
CASO42H2O -> 3CAOAL2O3CASO432H2O
(ETTRINGITE) +EXPANSION
MAGNESIUM AND AMMONIUM
SULPHATE(SERIOUS)
MGSO4 REACTS WITH CALCIUM ALUMINATE
HYDRATE MGSO4 + CA(OH)2 ->
CASO4 + MG(OH)2 + VOLUME EXPANSION
CORROSION OF STEEL

ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION
GALVANIC CORROSION
ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION
CORROSION OF
STEEL
Fe(OH)3
Fe
Fe(OH).3nH2O
Fe3O4

Fe(OH)2
1 2    3    4    5   6

Vol
ume
ELECTROCHEMICAL
CORROSION
•  Iron reacts as
++ ­
Fe >> Fe   + 2e   (Anode process)

•  Water takes oxygen from Atmosphere
­ ­
2H2O + O2 + 4e  >>> 4 OH  (Cathode Process)
 ++ ­
Fe  and OH  creates Fe(OH)2 

Fe(OH)2  is not stable, oxidises to form Fe(OH)3 

Takes water to form Fe(OH)3nH2O (Rust) 
ELECTROCHEMIC
AL
CORROSION
GALVANIC CORROSION

MORE ANODIC METAL RELEASES IONS

WHEN
TWO DIFFERENT METALS ARE IN
ELECTRICAL CONTACT IN MOIST
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC
CORROSION
HIGH HUMIDITY LEVEL ( > 65 %)
THE CORROSION VELOCITY IS DOUBLED
O
FOR EVERY 10 C INCREASE IN
TEMPERATURE.
AIR POLLUTION

– SO2 IN AIR
– THE SULPHUR DIOXIDE CREATES H2SO3
WHICH IS OXIDIZED TO SULPHURIC ACID
(H2SO4) WHICH INCREASES THE
CORROSION VELOCITY.
TIMING OF
CRACK
FORMATION
ORTS
BEFORE –
SETTING DIFFE
RENTI
– PLASTIC
AL •*
SHRINKA
SETT Non-
GE*
LEME Struct
– PLASTIC NT OF ural
SETTLEM SUPP
ENT* HARD
ENING – E*
PHASE CONS
–
–
TRAI
DIFFE
CONSTRAI NT TO RENTI
NT TO EARL
AL
EARLY Y
SETT
THERMAL DRYI LEME
MOVEMEN NG NT OF
T* SHRI
SUPP
NKAG
ORTS
TIMING OF
CRACK
FORMATION
DESIGN DIFFER
IN
ENTIAL
HARDEN –
SETTLE
ED INADEQ
MENT
STATE UATE
CONST./ –
–
DETAILI SULPHA
OVERLO
NG TE
ADING/
ATTACK
UNDER –
*
– CRAZIN
RUSTING ALKALI G
– AGGREG WEATH
CHLORID ATE ERING
E REACTI CRACK
ATTACK ON S
– HANDLI LONG
CARBON NG TERM
ATION CRACKS DRYING
IN PRE- AND
– SIMPLE CAST
SHRINK
OXIDATI MEMBE
AGE*
ON RS
ALLOWABLE CRACK WIDTHS
THE MINIMUIM WIDTH OF CRACK THAT CAN BE 
SEEN BY NAKED EYE IS GENERALY ABOUT 1.3 MM

INTERIOR MEMBERS
0.35 MM
EXTERIOR MEMBERS
0.25 MM
(Normal Exposure)
EXTERIOR MEMBERS
0.15 MM
(Aggressive Exposure)

LIMIT STATE OF CRACKING, AS PER IS 456 : 2000 
NOT TO AFFECT ADVERSELY THE APPEARANCE 
AND DURABILITY OF STRUCTURES.
ALLOWABLE CRACK WIDTHS CONTD;

CODE SPECIFIES MAX ALLOWABLE 
WIDTH AS 0. 3 MM IN GENERAL 
DEPENDS ON TYPE OF STRUCTURE AND 
EXPOSURE CONDITIONS 
ON AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENT THE 
COMPUTED CRACK WIDTH ON THE 
SURFACE NEAREST TO REINFORCEMENT
BARS SHOULD NOT EXCEED 0.1MM 
IT IS DESIRABLE TO CONTROL CRACKS 
THROUGH GOOD DETAILING PRACTICES,
RATHER THAN RELY ON COMPUTATIONS
FOR CRACK WIDTHS 
MEASUREMENT

MEASURING MAGNIFIER 
CRACK SCOPE DIGITAL 
CRACK GAUGE LOMARO 
MICROSCOPE
Measuring Magnifier ­ Proceq
CRACKSCOPE ­ GERMANN INSTRUMENTS
DIGITAL CRACK GUAGE ­ ELE
LOMARO MICROSCOPE­ ELE
GENERAL MEASURES FOR 
PREVENTION OF CRACKS
BROADLY CASSIFIED UNDER THE 
FOLLOWING HEADS
CHOICE OF MATERIAL 
SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE 
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND
PRACTICES
CHOICE OF MATERIALS

FINE AGGREGATE
AVOID USE OF TOO FINE OR 
CONTAINS TOO MUCH OF CLAY OR 
SILT AND NOT WELL GRADED.
MAX CLA AND SILT LIMITTED TO 3 %
CHOICE OF MATERIALS CONTD.

COARSE AGGREGATE 
WELL GRADED TO OBTAIN DENSE 
CONCRETE 
MAX SIZE SHOULD BE LARGEST POSSIBLE 
CONSISTENT WITH THE JOB REQUIREMENT 
POROUS AND HAVING HIGH SHRINKAGE 
PROPERTIES SHOULD BE AVOIDED 
CHOICE OF MATERIALS CONTD.

CEMENT 
IF USE ALKALI REACTIVE AGGREGATE IS 
UNAVOIDABLE, ALKALI CONTENT OF 
CEMENT SHOULD NOT EXCEED 0.6 % 
USE OF POZZOLANA SHOULD BE MADE TO 
CHECK ALKAI­AGGREGATE REACTION 
LOW HEAT CEMENT SHOULD BE USED IN 
MASSIVE STRUCTURES TO LIMIT HEAT OF 
HYDRATION 
SPECIFICATION FOR
CONCRETE
MIX SHOULD NOT BE RICHER THAN 
WHAT IS REQUIRED FROM 
STRENGTH CONSIDERATION
AIM SHOULD BE TO OBTAIN STRONG
AND DURABLE CONCRETE BY 
CAREFUL MIX DESIGN, THOROUGH 
MIXING , POROPER COMPACTION 
AND ADEQUATE CURING
QTY. OF WATER USED SHOULD BE 
MINIMUM CONSISTENT WITH 
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROPER 
LAYING AND COMPACTION. THIS IS
THE ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
SINGLE FACTOR RESPONSIBLE FOR 
SHRINKAGE AND CONSEQUENT 
CRACKS IN CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL  DESIGN CONTD.

IN EXPANSIVE CLAYEY SOIL 
MOVEMENT DUE TO ALTERNATE 
WETTING AND DRYING AND 
CONSEQUENT SWELLING AND 
SHRINKAGE SHOULD BE TAKEN 
CARE BY
TAKING THE FOUNDATION DEEP 
AND USING MOORUM, GRANULAR 
SOIL OR QUARRY DUST IN FILLING 
IN FOUNDATION TRENCHES AND 
PLINTH 
USING UNDER REAMED PILES 
CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
AND TECHIQUES
IN CASE CANTILEVER BEAMS AND 
SLABS, REMOVAL OF CENTERING 
AND IMPOSITION OF LOAD SHOULD 
BE DIFFERED AT LEAST ONE 
MONTH SO THAT SUFFICIENT 
STRENGTH IS ATTAINED BEFORE IT 
BEARS THE LOAD
CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES AND TECHIQUES CONTD.

AVOID CONCRETING IF IT IS VERY HOT, DRY AND
WINDY. IF UNAVOIDABLE, SHOULD BE DONE 
DURING EARLY HOURS OF THE DAY. 
PRECAUTION SHOULD BE TAKEN TO KEEP DOWN
THE TEMPERATURE OF FRESH CONCRETE AND 
TO PREVENT QUICK DRYING. 
PART OF MIXING WATER SHALL BE REPLACED 
WITH ICE 
RE­TROWELLING THE CONCRETE SURFACE 
SLIGHTLY, BEFORE ITS INITIAL SETTING, TO 
MITIGATE PLASTIC AND SHRINKAGE CRACKS 
PROVISION OF ADEQUATE TEMPERATURE 
REINFORCEMENTS TO CONTROL THE CRACK DUE
TO SHRINKAGE AS WELL AS TEMP. EFFECT 
ENVIRONMENT

CONSTRUCTION IN COLD WEATHER
LESS LIABLE TO SHRINKAGE 
CRACKING THAN THAT IN HOT 
WEATHER 
REPAIR PLAN
CRACKS
– LIVE CRACKS
– DORMANT CRACKS
– REPAIR PLAN
OTHER DAMAGE
– VOIDS, HOLLOWS AND HONEYCOMBS
– SCALING DAMAGE
– SPALLING DAMAGE
– REPAIR PLAN
CARBONATED OR CHLORIDE
CONTAMINATED CONCRETE- REPAIR PLAN
LIVE CRACKS
CAULKING
– ELASTOMERIC SEALER
PRESSURE INJECTION WITH FLEXIBLE
FILLER
– EPOXY GROUTING
– CONBEXTRA UR63 BY FOSROC
JACKETING
– STRAPPING OR OVERLAYING
STRENGTHENING
– STEEL PLATE, POST TENSIONING,
STITCHING ETC
DORMANT CRACKS

CAULKING
– CEMENT MORTAR
PRESSURE INJECTION WITH RIGID
FILLER
CONBEXTRA EPLV BY FOSROC
COATING
– BITUMINOUS, TAR
OVERLAYS
– ASPHALT WITH MEMBRANE
GRINDING AND OVERLAY
– LATEX MODIFIED CONCRETE, HIGHLY
DENSE CONCRETE
DRY PACK
DORMANT CRACKS
( CONT.)

SHOTCRETE/ GUNITE
PATCHING
– CEMENT MORTAR, EPOXY OR
POLYMER CONCRETE
JACKETING
– STEEL ROD
STRENGTHENING
– POST TENSIONING, STITCHING ETC
CRACK REPAIR
PLAN
CORROSION
•CEMENT
CRACK WITH GROUT, IF
No
STRUCTURAL CRACK > .
Yes 5MM
IMPLICATION
•LEAKINESS
YES •EPOXY
RESIGN, IF
CRACK < .
5MM
No
NO
Yes INJECTION
Yes
RISK OF INJECT
WITH CRACKS
WITH MINOR IMPREGNATI
MOVEMENTS
•POLYURETH
ON
ANE RESIN
•SURFACE
•ACRYLIC
TREATMENT
No RESIN
INJECT WITH •OVERLAYS
•POLYMER
CEMENT PRESSURE
GROUTING
MATERIAL
ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT AS PER IS
269
ADMIXTURE WITH APPROVAL OF DIV.
ENGINEER
PROPORTION
W /C RATIO 0.4 TO 0.5
PRESSURE FOR GROUTING
3 TO 4 KG PER SQ CM
CEMENT PRESSURE
GROUTING

EQUIPMENT
– DRILLING EQUIPMENT FOR HOLES UPTO
25MM DIA
– GROUT INJECTING MACHINE
– AIR COMPRESSOR OF 3 TO 4 CUBIC M/MIN
AND PRESSURE 3-4 KG/SQ CM
– 12- 20 MM DIA GI PIPES WITH COUPLERS
"

! " "
"
" #
" $ % " " " "

" &" " %

EPOXY GROUTING
EPOXY SYSTEM
– RESIN AND HARDENER ( THINNER IF
NECESSARY)

– FILLER ( DRY SILICA FLOUR) FOR WIDE CRACKS

– MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATION

– CONDITION OF APPLICATION

– PROPORTIONS

– POT LIFE

– APPLICATION PROCEDURE
EPOXY GROUTING

BASIC REQUIREMENTS
0
– SUFFICIENT POT LIFE ( 60 MIN AT 30 C)

– COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF EPOXY ( NOT

LESS

THAN CONCRETE)

– SHEAR STRENGTH ( NOT LESS THAN 100

2
KG/CM )

– VISCOSITY - DEPENDING ON CRACK WIDTH

– STABLE SYSTEM ( CLIMATIC CONDITION )

– NON SUSCEPTIBLE TO FIRE / EXPLOSION

DURING

PROCESS OF INJECTION
EPOXY GROUTING

EQUIPMENTS FOR EPOXY GROUTING

– DRILLING EQUIPMENT (PNEUMATIC OR
ELECTRICAL)
– PRESSURE INJECTING EQUIPMENT
3
– AIR COMPRESSOR 3-4 M / MIN, 10 KG /
2
CM

– POLYTHENE / METAL PIPE PIECES 6-9 MM

DIA.
– POLYTHENE PLASTIC CONTAINER
– PORTABLE GENERATOR
EPOXY GROUTING

– AREA TO BE GROUTED SHOULD BE DRY, CLEAN WITH

AIR JET

– CRACK TO BE PREFERABLY DRY

– ALL CRACKS TO BE CUT OPEN TO A V GROOVE, 10MM

DEEP

– DRILLING , CLEANING LOOSE MATERIAL AND

SEALING THE GROOVE

– HOLE OF 7-10MM DIA DRILLED AND GROUT NIPPLES

FIXED.
– FULL PENETRATION DOUBTFUL IF CRACKS > 0.6 M
DEEP – PORTS ON BOTH SIDE

– MEMBERS < 0.3 M , PORTS ON ONE SIDE ONLY

– FIRST / LAST PORT TO BE AT OR NEAR BOTTOM / TOP

EPOXY GROUTING
PRECAUTIONS
FOLLOW MANUFACTURES’ INSTRUCTIONS
DIRECT SKIN CONTACT SHOULD BE
AVOIDED
THE GREASE GUN SYRINGE SHOULD BE
WASHED WITH ACETONE IMMEDIATELY
AFTER USE.
REPAIR OF
CARBONATED/CHLORIDE
CONTAMINATED CONCRETE
BREAK AFFECTED CONCRETE
FOSROC PRODUCTS AND METHOD
– USE NITOPRIME ZINCRICH PRIMER OVER
REINFORCEMENT
– USE NITOBOND AR (NITOBOND EP) AS
BONDING AGENT
– REPAIR WITH RENDEROC TG POLYMER
MODIFIED REPAIR MORTAR
– APPLY NITOCOTE DEKGUARD PRIMER
– APPLY TWO COATS OF NITOCOTE DEKGUARD
PIGMENTED TOPCOAT
CONCLUSION ­

THE INDIVIDUAL CRACKS IN R.C. MEMBERS ARE 
UNIQUE BY THEMSELVES.

THEY ARE VERSATILE DIAGNOSTIC DEVICES, CLEARLY
INDICATING THE SPECIFIC PROBLEMS IN THE 
CONCERNED R.C. MEMBERS. IN ADDITION, THEY ALSO 
INDICATE THE DEGREE OF SERIOUSNESS OF THE 
PROBLEM.
THE CRACKS THROW LIGHT ON THE DISCIPLINE IN 
THE ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL DESIGNS AND 
CONSTRUCTION QUALITY.

THE CORRECTIVE MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED 
ARE CLEARLY INDICATED BY THESE CRACKS.

*****