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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.

___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE - SEMESTER–VII(NEW) • EXAMINATION – WINTER 2016
Subject Code:2170908 Date:21/11/2016
Subject Name:Switch Gear and Protection
Time:10.30 AM to 1.00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
Q.1 (a) Discuss various zones of protection for a modern power system. Explain 07
primary and back-up protection.
(b) Explain construction and working principle of induction cup type 07
electromagnetic relays. Derive an expression for torque produced by induction
type relay.
Q.2 (a) Describe plug setting multiplier and time multiplier setting with suitable 07
example.
(b) Draw the phasor diagram for 30° and 60° connection of directional over current 07
relay. Explain Limitations of O.C. Relays.
OR
(b) Explain construction, working and operating characteristics of percentage 07
differential relay.
Q.3 (a) Explain restricted earth fault protection of three phase transformer. 07
(b) Explain under reach and over reach of distance relay. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Show the characteristics of following distance relays on R-X diagram. (i) 07
Reactance relay (ii) Mho relay (iii) Impedance relay

(b) Draw and explain schematic diagram for coupling and trapping the carrier in to 07
the desired line section.
Q.4 (a) Draw and explain protection of generator against unbalanced loading. 07

(b) Enlist and explain abnormal conditions take place in three phase induction 07
motor.
OR
Q.4 (a) Draw and explain block diagram of microprocessor based distance relay. 07
(b) With neat diagram explain “The restriking and recovery Voltage” Discuss 07
factors affecting it.
Q.5 (a) Write a short note on oil circuit breaker with neat sketch. 07
(b) Write merits of SF6 gas as insulating and arc quenching medium and property 07
of SF6 gas.
OR
Q.5 (a) With neat diagram explain HVDC circuit breaker. 07
(b) Write and explain difference between measurement CT & protective CT. 07

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) - EXAMINATION – SUMMER 2017
Subject Code: 2170908 Date: 02/05/2017
Subject Name: Switch Gear and Protection
Time: 02.30 PM to 05.00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS
Q.1 Short Questions 14
1 Power system protection is provided so that:
(a) faults are prevented (b) damage subsequent to faults is mitigated
(c) information is relayed (d) economic operation of power system is achieved
2 At 50 Hz, the time period of one cycle is:
(a) 2 ms (b) 20 ms (c) 200 ms (d) 0.2 ms
3 Probability of faults on which element of the power system is highest:
(a)
(a) generator (b) transformer (c) transmission line (d) motor
4 If wattmeter is considered as a directional relay, then its MTA will be:
(a) 900 (b) zero (c) 300 (d) 600
5 Plug setting = 1.5 A, I relay = 9 A, for an OC relay. The PSM will be:
(a) 13.5 (b) 0.16 (c) 1.35 (d) 6
6 For a CT feeding an OC relay:
(a) ratio error is important (b) phase angle error is important
(c) both are important (d) neither ratio nor phase angle error is important
7 System impedance ratio is defined as:
(a) Zs / ZL (b) ZL / Zs (c) Zsurge / ZL (d) ZL / Zsurge
8 The most dominant harmonic in the inrush wave form is:
(a) third harmonic (b) second harmonic
(c) fifth harmonic (d) seventh harmonic
9 Which protection would you recommended as a primary protection for a 250
MVA power transformer:
(a) over current protection (b) simple differential protection
(c) % biased differential protection with harmonic restraint (d) distance protection
10 The reach of first step of 3-stepped distance protection is set at:
(a) 100 % of the line section (b) 80-85 %
(c) 150 % (d) 60 %
11 The power line carrier frequency is of the order of:
(a) 50 Hz (b) 3 GHz – 6 GHz
(c) 20 Hz – 50 Hz (d) 50 KHz – 200 KHz
12 If the stator of an alternator gets unbalanced supply, which of the following will
happen:
(a) it will pull out of synchronism (b) only stator will get overheated
(c) only rotor will get overheated (d) both will get overheated
13 SF6 gas is:
(a) 6 times heavier than air (b) 5 times heavier than air
(c) 3times heavier than air (d) weights the same as air

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14 Possibility of current chopping is more in which types of CB:
(a) bulk oil (b) MOCB
(c) air blast and vacuum (d) SF6
Q.2 (a) Define reach, under reach, and over reach of the relay. 03
(b) Explain primary and back-up protection. 04
(c) Draw and explain basic trip circuit. 07
OR
(c) Explain induction disc relay. Also derive torque equation for it. 07
Q.3 (a) Explain zone of protection of the differential relay. 03
(b) Write and explain drawback of over current relay. 04
(c) Write short note on Buchholz relay. 07
OR
Q.3 (a) Compare Reactance relay with Mho relay. 03
(b) Explain 3-stepped distance protection. 04
(c) A 3 phase transformer having a line voltage ratio of 400 V/33,000 V is connected in star- 07
delta. The CTs on the 400 V side have a current ratio of 1000/5. What must be the ratio
of CTs on the 33,000 V side?
Q.4 (a) Explain the line trap units for carrier-aided protection of transmission line. 03
(b) State various faults and abnormal operating conditions of a turbo alternator. 04
(c) Explain phase comparison relaying (unit scheme). 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Describe protection against loss of excitation in generator. 03
(b) Explain following with respect to induction motor protection: 04
(a) Single phasing (b) ground fault
(c) The neutral of a 3-phase, 20 MVA, 11 KV alternator is earthed through a resistance of 5 07
ohm. The relay is set to operate when there is an out of balance current of 1.5 A. The
CT’s have a ratio of 1000/5. What % of the winding is protected against an earth fault?
What should be the minimum value of the earthing resistance to protect 90 % of the
winding?
Q.5 (a) Draw the block diagram of numerical relay. 03
(b) Explain Following with reference to Circuit Breaker: 04
(a) Breaking Current (b) Making Current
(c) Calculate the RRRV of a 220 KV Circuit Breaker with earthed neutral. The short-circuit 07
test data is as follows:
The Current broken is symmetrical & restriking voltage has an oscillatory frequency of
15 kHz. The power factor of the fault is 0.2. Assume short-circuit to be an earthed fault.
OR
Q.5 (a) Compare protective CT with measuring CT. 03
(b) Write short note on air break circuit breaker. 04
(c) Explain puffer-type SF6 circuit breaker. 07

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Seat No.: ________ Enrolment No.___________

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY


BE - SEMESTER–VII (NEW) EXAMINATION – WINTER 2017
Subject Code: 2170908 Date:07/11/2017
Subject Name: Switch Gear and Protection
Time: 10:30 AM TO 01:00 PM Total Marks: 70
Instructions:
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.
3. Figures to the right indicate full marks.

MARKS

Q.1 (a) Define the following term: 03


(I) Relay pick up 04
(II) Fault clearing time 07
(III) Reach of the relay
(b) Explain primary and back-up protection.
(c) Explain induction disc type electromagnetic relay with torque equation.

Q.2 (a) Differentiate DMT and IDMT over current relay. 03


(b) Write and explain drawback of over current relay. 04
(c) The current rating of an over current relay is 5 A. The relay has a plug setting of 150 % 07
and time multiplier setting of 0.4. The CT ratio is 400/5. Determine the operating time of
the relay for a fault current of 6000 A. At TMS=1, operating time at various PSM are
given in following table :

PSM : 2 4 5 8 10 20
Operating time : 10 5 4 3 2.8 2.4
In seconds

OR

(c) How to measure the magnetization curve of CT in laboratory. Why magnetization 07


curve is important in selection of CT?

Q.3 (a) Explain simple differential relay. 03


(b) Write and explain drawback of simple differential relay. 04
(c) Write short note on percentage differential protection of Delta/Star power 07
transformer.
OR

Q.3 (a) Draw the block diagram of numerical relay. 03


(b) Explain inrush phenomenon in transformer. 04
(c) Write short note on gas operated relay. 07

Q.4 (a) Compare Reactance relay with Mho relay. 03


(b) Explain 3-stepped distance protection. 04
(c) Write short note on air blast circuit breaker. 07
OR
Q.4 (a) Explain the line trap units for carrier-aided protection of transmission line. 03
(b) Compare protective CT with measuring CT. 04
(c) Explain phase comparison relaying (unit scheme). 07

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Q.5 (a) Describe protection against loss of excitation in generator. 03
(b) Explain following with respect to induction motor protection: 04
(a) Single phasing (b) ground fault
(c) The neutral of a 3-phase, 20 MVA, 11 KV alternator is earthed through a resistance of 5 07
ohm. The relay is set to operate when there is an out of balance current of 1.5 A. The
CT’s have a ratio of 1000/5. What % of the winding is protected against an earth fault?
What should be the minimum value of the earthing resistance to protect 90 % of the
winding?
OR

Q.5 (a) Compare air break circuit breaker with vacuum circuit breaker. 03
(b) Explain Following with reference to Circuit Breaker: 04
(a) Breaking Current (b) Making Current
(c) Explain puffer-type SF6 circuit breaker. 07

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