AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE

Calamba Campus

F.P. Perez Bldg. Nat’l. H-way Parian, Calamba City, 4027

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ECE 400: Electronics Engineering Design Project I

Printing Station and Basic School Supplies Vendo Machine with cashless
Payment via RFID
Requirement No. 2

GROUP NO. : ECE2 SIGNATURE

LEADER : AGUILA, Michael Joshua P. _________________

MEMBERS : ANGELES, Justin G. _________________
JUMENTO, Michelle A. _________________

ADVISER : BANASIHAN, Joanna Marie B. _________________

DATE SUBMITTED : September 2018

SUBMITTED TO :

ENGR. RICREY E. MARQUEZ, CpE, MSCS

Research Moderator, Engineering
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No.

Title Page I
Table of Contents II
List of Figures IV
List of Tables V

CHAPTER
I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1
Background of the Study 2
Statement of the Problem 3
Objective of the Study 3
Research Framework 4
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework 7
Significance of the Study 8
Scope and Limitations 9
Definition of Terms 10
Conceptual Terms 10
Operational Terms 11

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 12

Related Literature (Foreign and Local)

Related Studies 26
Foreign
Local 28
Synthesis 29

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 30

Research Design
Research Locale
Respondents of the study
Sampling Design and Techniques 31
Research Instruments
Source of data 32
Data Gathering Procedures
Technical Study
System Overview 33
Block Diagram 34
Bibliography 35
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page No.

1 Conceptual Framework 6
2 A simple representation of the Automatic Paper Vending Machine 13
3 GSM Module Structural Overview 16
4 Microcontroller Structural Overview 22
5 Schematic diagram of thermal printer receipt 24
6 Mechanism of Printing 24
7 System Overview 33
8 Block Diagram 34
Printing Station and Basic School Supplies
Vendo Machine with Cashless Payment via
RFID

A Proposal Design Project Presented to the College of Engineering

AMA Computer College - Calamba Campus
Calamba City, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering

by

AGUILA, MICHAEL JOSHUA, P.

ANGELES, JUSTIN, G.
JUMENTO, MICHELLE, A.

SEPTEMBER 2018
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Students are one of the most dominant contributors in an active consumer

market. In fact, the individual consumption expenditure of households in the Philippines
for education places fourth - just under food, bills and transport (UNData, 2017).
As technology pushed forward, more efficient ways were established to deliver
the market closer to the students. Such is the invention of vending machines designed
to be an accessible option for students inside the premises. These catered to the needs
most commonly associated with students (beverages, snacks, school supplies) but in a
more specified capacity. Therefore, vending machines can only dispense items that are
virtually similar due to its inherent limitations. This further developed into a problem
between space and availability.
Similarly, the standard for assignments and projects developed from being hand-
written to printed outputs. Hence, printing became a necessity for students especially in
college. However, a personal printer does not come cheap and is more of an added
expenditure. Hence, students resorted to printing kiosks which elevated it into becoming
one of the most prominent consumer industries in schools and universities.
Correspondingly though, human-operated kiosks were also subject to availability and
accessibility issues especially during nightfall.
To address this, a foresight of provisioning an automated machine which can
provide both basic school supplies and printing services developed. This study will
tackle the known existing limitations of vending machines and printing stations.
Moreover, it is also an objective to develop a fresh approach on fitting together both
primary technologies into a singular and space-efficient model that is economically and
environmentally cautious.
 Background of the Study

In the advent of technological revolution, the consumer market became an

experimental ground for testing the limits of how efficient and accessible products could
be. This applies to students who are busy and are in need of fast but reliable service.
To accommodate these needs, vending machines became a staple for schools. It
became an effective alternative for students who can’t sit and dine or for students who
don’t have the time to procure the supplies they need. Printing kiosks were also born
out of the frustration of having no personal printers while having a multitude of required
printed outputs. However, these systems do have their limitations. Inherent restrictions
like diversity of products, space for all the machines, energy consumption and time
constraints for manned stations contribute to the growing need for a new and more
innovative mechanism.
A preliminary survey to assess the opinion of both regular and working students
(night class) was performed. Results revealed that 89% of the students are looking
forward for an alternative machine that could provide their basic needs round-the-clock.
This calls for an innovative prototype which could bypass and mediate the inadequacies
and problems of both vending machines and printing kiosks.
An interview conducted by the proponents to AMA Calamba Campus, According
to Mr Gilbert Sumague during exam week is the most hassle day for selling green
booklet and also the students who pays their monthly due. By the use of the proposed
project it can minimize the number of the students who fall in line at the cashier to bought
a piece of green booklet.
Hence, the proponents are proposing a novel and working model for a solar-
powered printing station and basic school supplies vending machine with an alternative
cashless payment system via RFID. This design aims to objectively bring together the
basic necessities of students in a single user and eco-friendly machine.
 Statement of the Problem

It was typical for every student to forgot to bring a basic school supply. These
were pens, notebooks, bond paper, green booklets, etc. There are many instances that
the store outside the campus tend to close before evening. The researchers had come
up to create a Solar-Powered Printing Station and Basic School Supplies Vendo
Machine with Cashless Payment via RFID that will help to for every student to the said
problem.

Specifically, the study tends to answer the following questions:

1. How does the proposed project accept the mode of payment?

2. How can the system manage the inventory?
3. What is the efficiency, effectively and reliability of the machine to the users?

Objective of the Study

General Objectives

The main objective of the project is to give an efficient solution to this

predicament especially in the evening classes such as working students who are not
reaching the printing station and the supply store by means of creating a Solar-Powered
Printing Station and Basic School Supplies Vendo Machine with cashless Payment via
RFID.

Specific Objectives

1. To design a proposed project that can accepts both cash and cashless
payment.
2. To develop a system that manage the inventory.
 3. To develop an efficient, effective and reliable vending machine that will help
to the user.

Research Framework

Theoretical Framework

At the present time, there are people who usually print their documents and some
paper works in the computer shop. It's very hassle when there are many customers in
the computer shop because it takes a lot of time before you can use their rental PC.
Also, they still need to go outside of the school just to purchase basic school supplies
which causes waste of time for students especially if the store is too far from the school.
Furthermore, the stores are usually closed before evening.

GSM Module

Nnakwuzie, Doris Nkech (2015) Stated that GSM module system allows the user
to monitor electrical equipment via mobile phone set by sending commands in the form
of sms and receiving the status as feedback GSM module provide security and replace
human workforce which is prone to error to automated system. Using GSM the owner
can determine the problem once they receive a SMS via mobile phone.
GSM is used as a media which is used to control and monitor the transformer
load from anywhere by sending a message. It has its own deterministic character.
Thereby, here GSM is used to monitor and control the DC motor, Stepper motor,
Temperature sensor and Solid State Relay by sending a message through GSM
modem. Hence no need to waste time by manual operation and transportation. Hence
it is considered as highly efficient communication through the mobile which will be useful
in industrial controls, automobiles, and appliances which would be controlled from
anywhere else. It is also highly economic and less expensive; hence GSM is preferred
most for this mode of controlling. (International Journal of Advanced Research in
Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, July 2014)
Microcontroller (Mega)

Microcontroller is a computer on single integrated circuit that includes a CPU,

RAM, some form of ROM, and I/O ports. Microcontrollers are dedicated to perform a
specified task and execute single application. Automatically controlled products like
automatic engine control systems, remote controls, power tools, toys, and office
machine. This enhanced tool provides an integrated platform that allows the user to
design circuit diagram, generate its code, and burn the hex file directly into the
microcontroller.

Thermal Printer

Javir, Vs (2014) Thermal printers are very common due to their wide-spread use
in so many devie in our day to day life. Some of them are handled device use for point
of sales , ticketing machines. The benefits of thermal printer is compelling. There is no
toner ink or ribbon required for a thermal printer. Thermal printer is not only use for
receipt it also can use as error slip for other machine once the machine experience a
problem.

A thermal printer is provided with a thermal head in which plural heating elements
are arranged in rows in a main scanning direction. An image is printed on a recording
paper by heating the heating elements that are contacted with a Surface of the recording
paper while feeding the recording paper in a Sub-Scanning direction. In order to obtain
a high quality image, the temperature of the thermal head needs to be kept
appropriately.

Thermal printers are non-impact type of printer. Which not uses impacting
mechanism and cartridges for print instead of it they use thermodynamics principle for
printing. The thermal printer mechanism contains the logic circuit for driving tiny dots,
several Input Output and stepper motor to rotate or move paper. The printer will take
the input for interfacing card which will drive the mechanism and generates the printed
data as sent by card. (Shingala A., August 2014)

Printer

Mark, Carbaugh (2018) Printer is to provide the user with a copy of what is input
into the printer via computer or external device. This can be a several input
opportunities depending upon your particular printer`s capabilities. In these days they
have a lot of printers function some printer are stand alone and other is manual
operated. Stand alone printer it can operate but you can use a cash or cashless
payment. Manual operated there is an operator during the process.

Software is responsible for sending the data to the printer. This software is known
as a driver. The job of the driver is to translate the data from the application into a format
that the printer understands. The driver also checks to see if the printer is connected,
turned on and functioning properly.
When the data arrives at the printer, it is stored in the printer’s buffer. The buffer
allows the computer to send the complete document to the printer instead of waiting for
each individual sheet to print. When all the data is in the buffer, the printer power up
and activates its motor. This engages the rollers to bring the paper into the printer. From
that point, the internal mechanisms move the paper along and the image is deposited
on the paper. (Flaten, 2014)

RFID

Ahmad Rajabzadeh ( 2014 ) RFID or radio frequency identification card the

system applied in area of manufacturing, supply chain, agriculture,health card and other
services. RFID is a technology that use radio waves to transfer dota from an electronic
tag. It attached to an object through reader for the purpose of identifying and tracking
the object. RFID is important in our daily lives it can use cashless payments instead a
cash and it can avoid a long queue during operation.
Radio Frequency Identification is intended to supplant legacy bar code scanning
technology found in many logistic and retail applications. RFID is distinguished by
inexpensive, low power and compact form factor tags, whose longevity and efficacy are
predicated on using passive communication techniques and on-tag power harvesting.
Such tags employ backscatter modulation, which does not require any active RF
components. (Boyer C., March 2014)
The RFID reader is a network-connected device that can be permanently
attached or portable. It uses radio frequency waves to transmit signals that activate the
tag. Once activated, the tag sends a wave back to the antenna, where it is translated
into data. (Margarete Rouse, 2017)

Proximity Sensor

A proximity sensor is an electronic sensor capable of detecting the presence of

nearby objects without physical contact. It emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of
electromagnetic radiation and then looks for changes in the return signal or fiel.
Proximity Sensor is one of the most useful in the industry. The sensors is mainly used
to detect the level or count of a materials.
The rapid development of tactile sensing technology has contributed significantly
to the realization of intuitional touch control and intelligent human-machine interaction.
Apart from physical touch or pressure sensing, proximity sensing as a complementary
function can extend the detection mode of common single functional tactile sensors. In
this work, we present a transparent, matrix-structure dual functional capacitive sensor
which integrates the capability of proximity and pressure sensing in one device, and the
excellent spatial resolution offered by the isolated response of capacitive pixels enables
us to realize precise location identification of approaching objects and loaded pressure
with fast response, high stability and high reversibility. The touch screen device
comprises a proximity sensor adapted to detect object presence in a sensing region, a
display screen overlapping the sensing region, and a processor. (Zhang B., et al.,
August 2014)
Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the proposed project, which

includes three major blocks: input, process and output.
The INPUT consists of RFID card or Coin. The RFID enable to purchase the
product that you want to bought. Furthermore, it can also enable using a coin if the user
has no RFID card. It has built-in user interface to select the product that the user wants.
The PROCESS will perform the transferring of data using Arduino to make an
output. The Windows tablet commands to the Arduino what was the output that you
need. So the Arduino can process it.
The OUTPUT would be the basic school supply and the printed out paper.

INPUTS PROCESS OUTPUT

Solar Panel
Acquiring of heat
and light from the Arduino
sun as a backup Interpret user’s Motor
source of power in command, Dispense Basic
the entire system respond to the
School Supply.
Plug sensor’s when it
The main source of detects a
the system. coin/rfid card.

Windows Tablet
RFID Reader The GUI of the
Serves for cashless system which Printer
payment that can you can select a Print out the files.
access the system. product. Dispense paper.
Coin Slot Sensor
Read and accepts
coin to access the
system.
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of Solar-Powered Printing Station and Basic
School Supplies Vendo Machine with Cashless Payment via RFID
 Significance of the Study

Our Scheme is based on Basic School Supplies vendo machine in this outline,
the researcher focus more with the needs of our consumers.
Our vendo machine need to be holistic in a sense that our consumers want more than
what we can offer. And we need to be a one stop shop for decreasing their cost and
time spent on buying on a regular bookstore. This proposed project can implement to
the school.

Students/Working students - The consumers can use the machine with a low cost of
printing and school supplies and it is more beneficial for those students who are inside
the campus. They don’t need to go outside to go to a specific bookstore to buy with a
long queue.
Faculty- The proposed project can serve not only the students faculty can also benefits
in this project to do their documents for printing.

The Researchers- The researcher make this study as basis for more exploration and
innovations to widen their knowledge about the function of Microcontroller.

To Future Researchers- This project will serve as a reference for future researchers
who wants to explore more with the benefits of Technology.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The proposed project will be a vendo machine that would serve as stand-alone printing
and school supply store. Printing and selling of school supply is necessity of every
student. The following action can be done by the design project. The proposed project
can dispense basic school supply. It also can accept cash (coin) or cashless payment
via RFID. Can access by 1,5 and 10 peso coin. The user can transfer the files using a
Flash drive. The printed output is colored.The system has a return of change. It has
loading function in user side. It also has thermal printer for printing error slip.The system
has the SMS functionality of device that will send notifications to the admin if there is
available product to the machine. Also, it has a backup source using UPS.
The proposed project also has its limitation. The features of our project is the
user can print only 1 size of bond paper(short). It has 30 maximum bond paper. For the
other product it also has the maximum of every product. The user can transfer files only
using USB port. The user can access the proposed project one at a time. It cannot
access by bills.

Definition of Terms

Conceptual Terms

Coin Slot. A slot through which coins can be inserted into a slot machine.
Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). A digital mobile telephony
system that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation
of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital
wireless telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and
compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data,
each in its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band.
Microcontroller. A compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific
operation in an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor,
memory and input/output (I/O) peripherals on a single chip.
Printer. An external hardware output device that takes the electronic data stored
on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy of it.
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID). Is the use of radio waves to read and
capture information stored on a tag attached to an object? A tag can be read from up
to several feet away and does not need to be within direct line-of-sight of the reader to
be tracked.
Thermal Printer. A thermal printer is a printer that makes use of heat in order to
produce the image on paper.
 Touchscreen Tablet. A tablet is a wireless, portable personal computer with a
touchscreen interface. The tablet form factor is typically smaller than a notebook
computer, but larger than a smartphone.

Operational or Technical Terms

Arduino. It serves as the brain of the design project. It processes the data that
the computer sends.
Coin Slot. The machine can access using a coin. A slot through which coins can
be inserted into a slot machine.
GSM. Interfaced to the Arduino to sends the message to the owner. It also serves
as to maintain the product of the vendo machine.
Printer. It prints out what the user need. It generates a hard copy of a documents.
RFID. It serves the cashless payment for the machine. If you didn’t have a coins.
Thermal printer. It prints out the error slip by the use of heat in order to produce
image on the paper.
Touchscreen Tablet. Serves as the GUI of the system which can select a
product that you want to buy.
 CHAPTER ll

REVIEW OF LITERATURES

This chapter aims to understand the detailed review both local and foreign of
literatures and study to gathered information/data that can help the researcher to have
an idea for their proposed project. The use of vending machine in a school may help
the students to have a portable store that they become easily bought some basic
school supply needs.

Vending Machine

Vending machine (VM is an automated machine that dispenses a various product

by inserting a sufficient amount of money (coin) into a coin slot. The money is accepted
by a currency validator then the machine dispense product such as snacks, coffee,
bottled soft drinks, tissue, sanitary napkins and tickets according to what the vending
machine product is, without the involvement of human assistance.

How does Vending Machine works

Input unit. The costumer inserts the coin first to pay for the item. The machine
identifies the value of coins using certain value specific to each coin.
Processing unit. After inserting a coin, the costumer select on the machine on
which product would like to purchase by entering a series letters and numbers
corresponding to the selection before a basic processor electronically activates
a motor to dispense the merchandise.
Output unit. The machine must dispense product after made the selection and
has been paid for. The purchased item simply falls from shelf and the costumer
 simply retrieves the item from the bin. As shown in figure 1. (Keith Evans,
September 26, 2017)

Figure 1. A simple representation of the Automatic Paper Vending

Machine

Benefits of Vending Machine

● Always available. Professional vending management services monitor individual

vending machines on a regular basis. This means employees aren’t left with out
of stock items and expired snacks. Food, snacks, and beverages are continually
replenished and replaced to ensure every employee’s choice is available when
they need it.
● Tailored selections. Self-managed vending machines often end up stocking
whatever can be found for the cheapest price. This usually results in inconsistent
selections and unhealthy choices. With a vending management service,
employers and employees can collaborate and choose which items are stocked
and which are left out. This often results in having healthier selections that
employees actually enjoy.
● Saves time. Ultimately, a vending management service allows employees to
better utilize their time at work. When vending machines are consistently stocked
with favorable selections, employees don’t have to leave the building to get a
snack or meal. Instead, they can stay on task and get their work done in an
efficient manner.
● Break opportunity. It is well documented that small breaks throughout the day
rejuvenate and refresh employees. Having a vending machine in the break room
gives employees a reason to take a break, socialize, and take their minds off
work. A professional vending management service can help companies develop
 a plan for where to place individual machines so they are seen and used. (IVM,
September 2014)

Type of Vending Machine

M&M’s Vending Machine

Vending machines and school stores are a common source of low-nutrient,

energy-dense snacks and beverages, including sugar-sweetened beverages, high fat
salty snacks and candy. However, little is known about the prevalence of these food
practices in alternative schools, educational settings for students at risk of academic
failure due to truancy, school expulsion and behavioral problems. (Acad J., August
2014)

Automatic Paper Vending Machine

According to Kamalanathan.P et al. (April, 2015) the usage of paper is inevitable

and its demand is increasing steadily particularly in the places such as educational
institutions, government offices, etc. At the same time, time is a precious thing that one
does not want to waste in any way. In stationary shops it is quite difficult to buy papers
during rush time period and the counting of the paper depending on the requirement
would cause further time delay and there is a chance for the error in the manual counting
of paper. To avoid these problems, this project titled “Automatic Paper Vending
Machine” is proposed to deliver the paper to the public by using the sensors and
microcontrollers based on the Mechatronics principles. It will be more cheap and
economic for the bulk production and it will be very useful for the college and school
students. Here it is designed to deliver sheets by inputting the respective coin in the
system. It will help us to save more time and manual work will be nullified.
Coin Operated Printing Machine

Coin Operated Printing Machine which will accept payment in the form of coins,
has ability return change, print black and white or colored documents in short or long
bond papers. This study will lessen printing documents outside the school which is
inconvenient and can compromise to the student’s safety. This study also aims to lower
the liability of owners of the computer shops by having fewer employees in tending the
printing needs of the costumers. PIC microcontroller and Visual Basic programming are
used to make software programs for the operations and GUI. PIC microcontroller is
used to control the keypad, coin acceptor, and coin dispenser.

GSM Module

Based on the study of Vaasan Ammattikorkeakoulu University of Applied

Sciences (2014) The system is based on the Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM) technology, the serial communication technology, and the microcontroller
technology. One GSM modem is used to transmit and receive the signal between the
control devices and the user’s phone. The control devices consist of one microcontroller,
one digital thermometer, and one relay.
Basically, the system has two main functions. Firstly, the system allows car users
to warm their car by sending Short Message Service (SMS) messages at any time and
any location. Secondly, the system can report the actual temperature of the car by
sending SMSs back to the phone of car users. Compared to the current heating system,
there are certain benefits of this remote control system. Structural Overview is shown
in Figure 2.
 Figure 2. GSM Module Structural Overview.

Advantages and Disadvantages of GSM

Wheeler (March 2015) Stated that GSM is a cellular technology used for transmitting
mobile voice and data services. Out of all cell technologies in use today, GSM is the
most widespread. However, it is important to know that although GSM is currently the
industry standard in cell technology, it has both advantages and disadvantages of which
consumers should be aware.

Advantages

● Extensive Coverage. The most obvious advantage of GSM is its widespread use
throughout the world. According to Gsmworld.com, GSM has a harmonized
spectrum, which means that even though different countries may operate on
different frequency bands, users can transfer seamlessly between networks and
keep the same number. As a result, GSM users essentially have coverage in
over 218 countries.
● Greater Phone Variety. Another advantage of GSM is that because it is used
throughout the world, there is a greater variety of phones that operate on GSM.
Therefore, consumers have more flexibility in choosing a handset that fits their
 specific desires, and they are not limited to purchasing phones only made in their
respective country.

Disadvantages

● No Roaming Charges on International Calls. Because GSM is the same network

worldwide, users are not charged a roaming fee for international calls. However,
most providers still charge a service fee on international calls.
● Bandwidth Lag. Perhaps the greatest disadvantage of GSM is that multiple users
share the same bandwidth. With enough users, the transmission can encounter
interference. Therefore, faster technologies, such as 3G, have been developed
on different types of networks than GSM, such as CDMA, in order to avoid such
bandwidth limitations.
● Causes Electronic Interference. Another disadvantage of GSM is that is can
interfere with certain electronics, such as pacemakers and hearing aids,
according to Inc. Technology.com. Such interference is due to the fact that GSM
uses a pulse-transmission technology. As a result, many locations such as
hospitals and airplanes require cell phones to be turned off.

RFID

RFID, which stands for Radio Frequency Identification, is a means of identifying

a person or object using radio waves to communicate among a system of integrated
circuits, tags, readers and software to identify items. RFID refers to the technology in
which the RFID tag transmits a radio frequency signal that is picked up by a reader.
Radio waves transmitted from an antenna interact with an integrated circuit embedded
on an RF tag, which sends radio waves back to a reader. The reader turns those waves
into digital information, allowing the item that respond to be instantly identified. RFID is
widely used today in many areas such as logistics, supply chain management,
Warehouse management and logistics, medical implants, road tolling, building access
 control, aviation security, luggage tracking at airports, libraries, etc. (International
Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, April 2014)

Advantages and Disadvantages of RFID

Advantages

● RFID tags are very easy to install/inject inside the body of animals, thus helping to keep
a track on them. This is useful in animal husbandry and the poultry industry, wherein
the installed tags give information about the age, vaccinations, and health of the animal.
● It is better than barcodes, as it cannot be easily replicated, and therefore, increases the
security on a product.
● Supply chain management forms the major part of retail business, and RFID systems
play a key role by helping in managing the updates of stocks, and during the
transportation and logistics of the product.
● RFID tags are placed inside jewelry items in stores, and an alarm is installed at the exit
doors. If an unauthorized attempt is made to move the jewelry items away from the
premises, the alarm gets activated. This mechanism provides a much more robust type
of security as compared to barcode scanners, as the barcode pattern is prone to being
replicated.
● These tags can store data up to 2 KB, whereas, a barcode has the ability to read just
10 - 12 digits. This allows one to store a stronger encoded identification series within it.

Disadvantages

● RFID proves to be too expensive for many applications as compared to other tracking
and identification methods, such as the simple barcode.
● It is difficult for an RFID reader to read the information in case the tags are installed in
liquid or metal products. The problem here is that, liquid and metal surfaces tend to
reflect radio waves, which makes the tags unreadable. In such applications, they have
to be placed in various alignments and angles for taking proper readings, which may be
too cumbersome and time-consuming.
● Interference has been observed to take place in RFID systems, when devices such as
forklifts and walkies-talkies are in the vicinity. The presence of mobile phone towers too
has been found to interfere with these radio waves. The retail sector giant Walmart,
which has installed billions of RFID tags in their products throughout the world, have
reported such problems in their systems.
● RFID signal frequencies across the world are non-standardized. For instance, the US
and Europe have a different range of frequencies at which RFID tags function. This
makes it mandatory for international shipping companies and other organizations to be
aware of the working pattern in other nations.
● RFID is considered by many to be an invasive technology. Consumers tend to worry
about their privacy when they purchase products with these tags, as there is a belief
that once radio chips are installed in a product, it continues to track a person, and his
personal information can be collected by it and transmitted to the reader. So while many
stores claim that they deactivate the tags after the product has been purchased, buyers
still continue to remain apprehensive of this technology.. (Techspirited, Jan 2018)

Microcontroller

Based on the study of International Journal of Engineering Trends and

Technology (November 2014) Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled
products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical
devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools. Digital and Analog
I/P & O/P are set as per industry standard. For ease and flexibility for employing this
system, the software interface is provided by programming various functional blocks in
the system.
 Marshall Brain (2018) Stated that Microcontrollers are hidden inside a
surprising number of products these days. If your microwave oven has
an LED or LCD screen and a keypad, it contains a microcontroller. All modern
automobiles contain at least one microcontroller, and can have as many as six
or seven: The engine is controlled by a microcontroller, as are the anti-lock
brakes, the cruise control and so on. Any device that has a remote control almost
certainly contains a microcontroller: TVs, VCRs and high-end stereo systems all
fall into this category. Nice SLRand digital cameras, cell
phones, camcorders, answering machines, laser printers, telephones (the ones
with caller ID, 20-number memory, etc.), pagers, and feature-laden refrigerators,
dishwashers, washers and dryers .

Advantages of microcontroller

● Low time required for performing operation.

● The processor chips are very small and flexibility occurs.
● Due to their higher integration, cost and size of the system is reduced.
● The microcontroller is easily to interface additional RAM, ROM and I/O ports.
● Once microcontrollers are programmed then they cannot be reprogrammed.
● At the same time many task can be performed so human effect can have saved.
● Without any digitals parts it can be act as microcomputer.
● It is easy to use, troubleshooting and systems maintain is simple.

Disadvantages of microcontroller

● The microcontroller cannot interface high power devices directly.

● It has more complex structure as compared to microprocessor.
● It only performed limited number of executions simultaneously.
● It is generally used in micro equipment.
● How Microcontroller Works (Polytechnic Hub, April 2017)
 Figure 3. Microcontroller Structural Overview.

Printer

According to Margaret Rouse (September 2016) A printer is a device that

accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information to
paper, usually to standard size sheets of paper. Printers vary in size, speed,
sophistication, and cost. In general, more expensive printers are used for higher-
resolution color printing.

Four printer qualities of most interest to most users are:

● Color: Color is important for users who need to print pages for presentations or
maps and other pages where color is part of the information. Color printers can
also be set to print only in black-and-white. Color printers are more expensive to
operate since they use two ink cartridges that need to be replaced after a certain
number of pages. Users who don't have a specific need for color and who print
a lot of pages will find a black-and-white printer cheaper to operate.
 ● Resolution: Printer resolution is usually measured in dots per inch . Most
inexpensive printers provide sufficient resolution for most purposes at 600 dpi.
● Speed: If you do much printing, the speed of the printer becomes important.
Inexpensive printers print only about 3 to 6 sheets per minute. Color printing is
slower. More expensive printers are much faster.
● Memory: Most printers come with a small amount of memory that can be
expanded by the user. Having more than the minimum amount of memory is
helpful and faster when printing out pages with large images or tables with lines
around them .

Advantages and disadvantages of continuous printer

Advantage

● Save: If we have a printer with ink system running smoothly can save a lot of
money compared to buying new original cartridges even save more money by
filling our ink cartridges.
● Compared to fill our ink cartridges, the advantage is that we will not need to fill
our hands frequently to refill a cartridge.
● Printers with continuous ink system can send to print a considerable amount of
pages without worry we will stay out of ink because we can see the available ink
tanks.
● Colors will always perform good quality when printing from a printer with
continuous ink system, the cartridge is constantly supplied with ink directly from
the tanks.
As we have seen there are advantages to consider when buying a printer with
continuous ink system, but not everything is rosy color, there are even more
disadvantages to consider when buying a printer with continuous ink system, as
we have said earlier this disadvantages decrease when the installation is done
by a professional in the area.
Disadvantage

● A major disadvantage is that the hoses carrying the ink from the ink tank cartridge
becomes empty, it causes burning the ink cartridge connectors.
● Another small problem that often occurs in continuous ink systems is that the ink
cartridges are capped due to the constancy of ink that they receive.
● Spill the Ink Cartridges is caused by poor installation of the ink disadvantage or
that this this a little higher than normal compared with the carrier cartridge
carriage.
● Common errors in printers, this is normal and is an automatic printer, example
printers with ink systems continue to have the opportunity to make mistakes
related to the installation when the system stops spending ink ink cartridges, if
ink system hoses stuck conveyor cartridge carriage error appears even when the
printer has printed many pages could say more exaggerated the number of
pages to the printer next submit an error.
● A very unfortunate downside for us is having a continuous ink system eliminates
the possibility of obtaining immediate guarantee printer manufacturer.
● We cannot install the ink systems all printers, or rather all ink cartridges, we have
emphasized a lot to actually running good or bad depends on printer cartridges.
Similarly, noteworthy that the smooth running of a continuous ink system
depends on what type of cartridge use our printer. (en.Rellenado, April 2015)

Thermal Printer

Thermal papers are widely used by retailers to print the sale receipts in various
sectors like grocery stores, gas stations and bank ATMs to ensure fast and accurate
services. The thermal paper is also used by ticketing agencies, lottery systems and
other businesses, which require accurate and high-volume printouts. Specialized fields
like healthcare sectors use high quality images produced by thermal printing for
important and highly technical printouts for which accuracy is necessary, like
electrocardiograms (ECGs), ultrasound printouts and prescription labels.

Figure 4 depicts a schematic diagram of thermal receipt paper identifying the thermal
reactive layer that contains BPA as a developer and a leuco dye, as well as stabilizers
and binders.

Figure 4.Schematic diagram of thermal receipt paper identifying the thermal

reactive layer that contains BPA as a developer and a leuco dye, as well as
stabilizers and binders

The detailed mechanism of the composition of thermal paper and color development
after thermal reaction is presented in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Mechanism of Printing

Advantages of Thermal Printer

Thermal paper printers are much faster than other types of printers resulting in
less waiting time at the checkout line. The images created are of superior quality and
clearer in comparison to other types of printing thus making them an integral component
to be used everywhere. They are used in all places ranging from hospitals, where
accuracy of a printout is critical to a local store, where itemized receipts through thermal
printing help consumers to keep a better eye on their spending. The printers are also
capable of printing high quality barcode scans directly on a receipt, making complex
transactions like returns and exchanges much easier for customers, retailers’
preventing shoplifting and falsified receipts that can have a direct effect on its prices.
Generally, thermal paper is coated with BPA which makes it extremely stable and heat-
resistant. BPA is used in making coatings that gives thermal paper it’s unique properties
which allows inkless printing. (Toxic Link, 2017)

Cashless Payment

Abbas A. (2017) Stated that a cashless society becomes a popular alternative to

tackle the cash usage liability. Despite its popularity, in the context of Indonesia, the
consumer payment transaction using non-cash methods cover only approximately
0.6%. This fact leads Indonesia categorised in the inception stage. In addition, the
analysis point out that the advantages of a cashless society in Indonesia outweigh the
disadvantages. As a result, to gain a better insight, measuring progress of a cashless
society is an important phase to understand the current condition, examine the gap, and
priorities the further action. The trend analysis with multiple sources of data was
performed to measure the progress between 2011 and 2017. This research thereafter
points out that the readiness indicator of a cashless society in Indonesia doesn’t indicate
a rapid progress. Thus, a shortcut way to accelerate the journey, for instance,
government leadership and innovative payment solution, is required.
E-Payment

E-payment systems are important mechanisms used by individual and

organizations as a secured and convenient way of making payments over the
internet and at the same time a gateway to technological advancement in the
field of world economy (Slozko,Pello, 2015).

The cash transactions impacted by a decrease in liquidity, alternative payment

methods such as e-wallets, online transactions using e-banking, debit and credit card
usage have increased significantly. This will increase usage of such payment systems
and enable a shift towards an efficient cashless infrastructure. Through the cashless
transactions the concealed cash transactions are hereby removed from the traditional
cash based transactions and also it will promote all the economic activities are to be
transparent nature.
Related Studies

This chapter presents different information from local and unpublished reading
materials gathered from the internet, libraries and journal articles will serve as a basis
in completion of the design project. The idea and comparison which will show
advancements, similarities and differences with the project will be of great factor in
accomplishing the project.

Foreign Studies

Automatic Paper Vending Machine

Mohamed Aamir. M, (2015) The usage of paper is inevitable and its demand is
increasing steadily particularly in the places such as educational institutions,
government offices, etc. At the same time, time is a precious thing that one does not
want to waste in any way. In stationary shops it is quite difficult to buy papers during
rush time period and the counting of the paper depending on the requirement would
cause further time delay and there is a chance for the error in the manual counting of
paper

Smart Coffee Vending Machine Using RFID

Rahul Jadhv (2017) The vending machine which provides the beverage like
snacks, cold drink, it is also used for ticketing. These systems are operated on either
coin or note or manually switch operated. This paper presents system which operates
not on coin or note, it operates on RFID system. This system gives the access through
only RFID which avoid the misuse of machine. A small RFID reader is fitted on the
machine. The identity card which contains RFID tag is given to each employee.
According to estimation the numbers of cups per day as per client’s requirement are
programmed. Then an employee goes to vending machine show his card to the reader
then the drink is dispensed. But when employee wants more coffees than fixed number,
that person is allow for that but that employee has to pay for extra cups and amount is
cut from the salary account.

Automatic Chocolate Vending Machine By

Using Arduino Uno

This vending machine. The main objective of our project is to launch new
technology application in society. This is Arduino based vending machine that sales
different type of chocolates from machine. This project attempt to provide solution in
coin based vending machine which is not returned the amount of money that is no any
change from machine. The plan is to use Radio frequency Identification along with
Arduino. Once RFID is to be read then User can select the product after card is scanned
and collects the product at output unit. First part is scanning of RFID card which provides
cashless payment. The second is programming unit which is implemented using
arduino. The third part is display information and deliver product at output. This paper
attempt to provide solution on coin based vending machine which is not returning the
money

Local Studies

School Supplies Vendo Machine with Applying SMS Technology for AMA
Calamba Campus

According to DECILLO, A et al. (2013)This project is an automated means of

selecting and purchasing an item into a vending machine by commanding into its touch
panel device, where the consumer will be able to confirm their order in the screen. For
security purposes, the prototype will automatically send an SMS to the authorized
person whenever the prototype has run out of items to be dispatch and if it detects
someone who wants to open the Vendo Machine by forced. This can be done as long
as there is a strong network signal through GSM.

Touch Screen Coin Operated Printing Station with SMS Notification

System

According to Trinidad, J. et al.(2013) This design project can be a great tool for
students for their printing purposes. This can be use easy to access , provide a system
that can computes and analyze the file to print an accurate billing and costing , provide
function such as sending of change when needed and more automated. It helps a
student to have past and reliable pricing of printed documents. The researcher design
this project to lessen the time of those students who print their lots of documents with a
short period of time. Also have balance and equal pricing of printed documents.
 Arduino-based Food and Water Dispenser for Pets with GSM Technology
Control

Angelo A. Beltran Jr ( 2015) This project design for which the pet owner can feed
his own pet even without his presence by just sending a text message to the system
through his cellular phone. The system uses the concept of GSM technology to receive
signal from the owner. If the system received the message, the servo motor and
solenoid valve will be activated. The servo motor will rotate that will serve as the food
transportation and the solenoid valve will be opened for the water to freely flow. Once
the feeding is already done, the owner will receive a text message from the system
which notifies him of a successful feeding.

Synthesis

The joint facts and information that came from the studies and literature will
greatly provide the future researchers and researchers a wide range of knowledge in
finishing this project. The selected studies and literature are familiarly associated with
the topic and will give ideas on knowing what technologies, components and concepts
will be executing to make it possible and functional.

Solar-Powered Printing Station and Basic School Supplies Vendo Machine with
Cashless Payment via RFID is applied to a private school to made a service for those
working students can’t minimize their time especially at night
The project will be developing to have Microcontroller for system flexible and
functionality and to serve as main function and control all system in machine
The researcher gathered some related studies regarding Solar-Powered Printing
Station and Basic School Supplies Vendo Machine with Cashless Payment via RFID
the studies are about Vendo Machine System stand alone. The group come up to the
idea of having both Solar Powered, Printing, RFID it is easy to access for cashless
payment for fast transaction and GSM Notification system is very convenient, reliable
because of its real time monitoring system.
CHAPTER lll

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains research design, locale, respondent of the study, sampling
design and technique, instruments, source of data, data gathering procedure and also
the project design. These methods were used by researcher in able to achieve their
objectives and needs for making these project. This chapter also contains the block
diagram of the design project and system overview that will show the process of the
project and what the components to be used by the researcher. Furthermore, it is also
serves as a support to how the design project that being planned and organized in order
to develop the desired design project.

Research Design

The proponents use descriptive research method, in this study in order to

analyze, define, describes and show the process of the system which may help the
researcher in able to minimize some errors. The survey research is a type of a
descriptive research this were the researcher applied for the design project.

Research Locale

The proponents conducted at AMA Calamba Campus a Private school to

determine the problem about basic school supplies and printing files most likely the
working students who is experiencing the lack of time that the store is tend to closed
before evening.
 Respondent of the Study

The proponents conducted a survey to gathered data for the propose project at
AMA Calamba Campus. The researcher interview randomly students since they have a
lot of experience regarding lack of open store to buy basic school supplies mostly at
evening.

Working Student and Regular Students - The proponents conducted a survey

at AMA Calamba Campus to gathered data.
(9) Regular Students
(8) Working Students

Sampling Design and Techniques

Population of the study

The proponents conduct a survey at AMA Calamba Campus to get a feedback

from the future user in the said project the. The researcher conducted is to ask (20)
Working and Regular students as the main sample for the survey the pre survey is
conducted at AMA Calamba Campus.

Sampling Technique

The researcher conducted a preliminary survey method to get a feedback from

the students in this survey aimed is to collect data from random students the proponent
rejected those students did not meet our requirements. In preference, the idea in this
project is to serve a machine that can accommodate student especially at evening.
 Research Instruments

Survey, questionnaire, prototype, materials and some internet sites were used to
gathered data for the proposed project if it is reliable to affordable to implement this
project in the school. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the random
respondents. The respondents should answer the questions honestly, briefly and
correctly. The respondents were given a preliminary survey to evaluate the design
project. The set of questions worded simply and clear that should answer by the
respondents easily. The questionnaires were set and answerable by agree or disagree.

Source of data

The proponents gathered data from random students both working and regular
to provide an accurate percent data information.
The proponents conduct a survey for individual students to get their opinions
and suggestion. While the other source is web reference site to get some related
source.

Data Gathering Procedures

The proponents conducted a survey and serve a questionnaire to random

students and collect after the question fulfill at AMA calamba Campus the question in
the said project is made by the researcher after the proponent collect the questionnaires
the researcher organize the data and gathered the percentage of students who
response to the question that will serve and the researcher discuss the process and
function of the said project.
 Technical Study

This section discusses the process and development of the design project. It also
includes the construction and detailed function of each component in assembling the
Solar-Powered Printing Station and Basic School Supplies Vendo Machine with
cashless Payment via RFID.

Project Design

Figure 1 shows the system overview of Solar-Powered Printing Station and Basic
School Supplies Vendo Machine with cashless Payment via RFID. With this design
project the user can purchase a product easily.

System Overview

Figure 1. System Overview of the Design Project

Microcontroller. This is the main device of the project that act as a brain where
interpret and execute commands for the automation.
RFID. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is use to automatically identify and track
tags. Can able to access for cashless payment.
Solar Panel. The device that supplies electricity which is derived from the sun.
Coin Slot. This is a coin acceptor where the coin is inserted for payment of the
product within the vendo machine.
Battery. It will serve as the source of the design project.
Printer. A device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers
the information into paper.
Mobile Phone. This device used for receiving a message from the machine in order to
maintain the product in the machine.
GSM. Interfaced to the Arduino to sends the message to the owner. It also serves as
to maintain the product of the vendo machine.
Coin Hopper. It is use to dispense the return of change in printing.
ATS. A switch that automatic switch to main source and back up source.
Inverter. It is use to converts direct current to alternating current.

Block Diagram
Figure 2 shows the block diagram of Solar-Powered Printing Station and Basic
School Supplies Vendo Machine with cashless Payment via RFID. It shows the
illustration of the proposed project. This diagram shows the flow of the system.
Figure 2. Block Diagram
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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http://www.academia.edu/11748389/Arduino-
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Toxic Link (2017) BP in Thermal Printer Retrieved from (September 22, 2018):
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PUBLISHED

DECILLO, A et al. (2013) School Supplies Vendo Machine with Applying SMS
Technology for AMA Calamba Campus
Trinidad, J. et al. (2013) Touch Screen Coin Operated Printing Station with SMS
Notification