Sterilization & Disinfection

Ki
OM Nursing Academy

Anil Kantiwal Gudha

Introduction :-

 Sterilization एक ऐसा Procedure जसके ारा कसी भी Article क surface को और कसी भी

Medium को Micro-Organism से मु रखा जा सके
, चाहे
MicroOrganism , Vagitative और
Spore form म य न ह ।

 Vegitative - जो Disease उतप कर सके

 Spore - Unable to Produce/Spread Diseases. ( Bacteria का एक ऐसा Strong type जो

Adverse Condition म भी Survive कर सके
).

Classification of Sterilization :-

Sterilization

Physical Chemical

1. Heat 2. Sunlight 3. Radiation 4. Filtration 1. Alcohol

2. Aldehydes

3. Phenols
Dry Heat Moist Heat
4. Halogens

1. Red Heat 1. Temp. below 100℃ ( Pasteurization )

2. Flamming 2. Temp. At 100℃ (Boiling)
3. Incineration 3. Temp. Above 100℃ ( Autoclave )
4. Hot Air Oven
1. Physical Sterilization :-

1. Sunlight :-

 Sunlight म Ultra Violet Rays पायी जाती है

जो Natural water collection वाली जगह

eg. River, Tank पर Germicidal effect डालती ह

2. Heat :-

 Reliable Methode, divede in two types

1. Dry Heat

2. Moist Heat

1. Dry Heat Sterilization:-

 इस method के ारा, MicroOrganism क Protein का Denaturation होने

लगता है

It also divide in Four Types

1. Red Heat

2. Flamming

3. Incineration

4. Hot Air Oven

1. Red Heat :-

 इस method म Object को तब तक गम करते

हैजब तक Object गम
होकर पू
रा लाल न हो जाये

 eg. Inoculating loops / Wires

2. Flamming :-

 The object pass through Flame.

Eg.

 Glass slide

 Scalpels

 This is the 2nd Choice method of Wire Sterilization.

3. Incineration:-

 It is a High Temperature and Dry Oxidation method.

 Incineration Temp. - 1400 - 2200°F [ 870 - 1200℃ ]

Method Use for -

 Destroy all Pathological material of Hospital.

 Human Anatomical waste

 Dressing

 Plaster

 Body Organ/Part

 Animal dead body (Yellow beg material Waste )

4. Hot Air Oven :-

 1st Choice method of Glass Product Sterilization.

 Temperature - 160℃ for 2 hours or 170℃ for 1

hour.

Method Use for -

 Glass Product Sterilization

 Glass syring

 Pipettes

 Slides

 Surgical Items - Scalpels, Scissors, forceps

 Chemical :-

 Liquid Paraffin, Sulfonamide Powder

 Note :- Dry Heat Oven म Objects को Aluminium Foil म wrap करके

रखते
ह
2. Moist Heat Sterilization :-

1. Temperature below 100℃ :-

1. Pasteurization of Milk :-

A. Holder Method :- Temperature 63℃ for 30 minutes.

B. Flash Method :- Temperature 72℃ for 20 Seconds.

इसके
बाद इसे
13℃ के
Cold Temp. पर रखगे

2. Inspissation :-

 Temp 80-85℃ for 30 minutes.

 eg. Egg , Suger, Serum Culture media

3. Vaccine Bath :-

 Temp. 60℃ for 1 hour.

 eg. Sterilization of Vaccine ( mostly bacterial )

2. Temperature at 100℃ :-

( i ) Boiling :-

 100℃ for 20-30 minutes

 Note :- Sharp Instrument को Boiling method से

sterilize नह करना चा हए, bcz Boiling
से
Sharp instruments Blunt हो जाते ह,

( ii ) Tyndallization :-

 At 100℃ for 20 minutes ( 3 Successive Days )

eg.

 Serum

 Suger Culture media.

3. Temperature Above 100℃ :-

Autoclave :-
 Invented By :- Charles Chamberland in 1884

 It is Most Reliable Method of Sterilization.

Temperature Time Pressure

121℃ 15 minnute 15 lbs/Inch2

126℃ 10 minnute 20 lbs/Inch2

133℃ 3 minnute 30 lbs/Inch2

Method Use in Sterilization of :-

 Surgical Instrument ( except Sharp Items )
 Rubber Items ( Gloves )
 Dressing Material ( Gauze and Bandages )
 Clothes ( Gown, Cap, Bedsheets & Pillow Cover )
 Culture Media
 Non Disposable Items

3. Filtration :- इसमे
एक 0.75 micrometer का filter काम मे
ले
ते
है
 Eg :- Antibiotic Solution
 Egg or Serum media
 Water Purification
4. Radiation :-
 Mostly Use Radiation - Gamma Radiation

 Method Use for Disposable Items.

Method Use for :-
 Catheter
 Cannula, IV Sets
 Gloves, Plastic Syringes
Disinfection :-
 Destroy all Pathogenic and Non Pathogenic Micro Organism.
Types:-
1. Concurrent Disinfection :- Patient के
Hospital म रहते
उसके
Secreation व Used
Ecquipments को Disinfect करना ।

2. Terminal Disinfection :- The Disinfection of Articles and Client's unit after discharge,
Transfer and Death at the End.

3. PreCurrent / Prophylactic Disinfection :- Disease को रोकने

हे
तु
पहले
सेही Articles को
disinfect करना

Ex:- Purification of Water and Pasteurization of Milk.

Chemical Method :-
1. Alcohol :-
 Ethyl Alcohol , Isopropyl Alcohol

 Use :- Skin Disinfection

 70% of Alcohol known as spirit.

2. Aldehyde :-

( I ) Formaldehyde :- 10% Aquous Solution of Formaline.

( II ) Glutaraldehyde 2% :- Cidex

Method Use for Sterilization of

 Cystoscope

 EndoScope

 Bronchoscope

 LaryngoScope

 ET ( Endotracheal Tube )
3. Phenols ( Carbolic Acid ) :-

 Cresol :- Sharp Instrument Sterilization by Cresol 5% .

The Soap solution of Cresol is known as Lysol.

Use ( Lysol ) :- Floor cleaning, Disinfection of Excretra

 Chloroxynol ( Dettol 4% ) :- Skin Disinfection

4. Halogen :-

A. Chlorine :-

( I ) Chlorinated Lime / Bleaching Powder :- 5% Bleaching Powder used for Disinfection

of feces & Urine ( Human Excretra )

( II ) Sodium Hypochlorite :-

 HIV Instrument and Hepatitis B surface antigen are Sterilize by Sodium

Hypochlorite.

B. Iodine :- 2% Betadine use in Skin Disinfection and Dressing.

5. Oxidizing Agent :-

A. H2O2 ( Hydrogen peroxide ) :- Dressing and Contact Lens.

B. KMNO4 ( Potassium Permanganate ) :- Mouth Care and Sitz bath.

C. Dyes :- Gention Violet use for Skin Disinfection.

7. Vapour Phase Disinfection :-

1. Ethylene Oxide:-

 Plastic & Rubber items

 Sutures

2. Formaline Fumigation :-

280 ml Formaline + 150 gm KMNO4 :- Sterilize 1000 Cu feet area

Use:-

 Operation Theatre

 Wards and Laboratory

 Area Should be shield off 48 Hour.

 Fumigation with Sulphur :- 220 gm Sulphur use to Sterilize of 100 Cu feet area

SUMMARY
S.N Material Method of Sterilization

1 Inoculating Wires / Loops Red Heat

2 Glass Wares ( Glass Product ) Hot Air Oven

3 Disposable Items Gamma Radiation

4 Aprons, Gloves, Gown & Dressing Autoclave

5 EndoScope , ET tube Glutaraldehyde ( Cidex 2 % )

6 Sharp Instrument Cresol 5 %

7 Operation Theatre Fumigation and UV rays

Anil Kantiwal Gudha

OM Nursing Academy

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