In this experiment the experiments carried out were as follows:

. Experiment with the reaction of aluminum with hydrochloric acid

The first thing to do is to mix 5 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid with aluminum foil into the test tube, but
at that time there is no reaction. Then after 5 minutes there is no reaction, then the mixture is heated,
there is H2 gas bubbles. In the reaction that occurs in Al + HCl it takes place slowly with the following
reactions:

2Al + HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2

After that reacting magnesium with HCl, the steps are the same as aluminum but, in magnesium there is
a fast reaction compared to aluminum. the reaction is as follows:

2HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2

In this experiment, aluminum and magnesium cannot react (cannot dissolve in dilute hydrochloric acid).
Only both have different reaction speeds, Al slowly reacts with HCl, while Mg reacts quickly with HCl and
the reaction speed can be seen in the heating process. This is because in the Al metal there is an oxide
layer that protects the metal. And also Mg is more reactive than Al, so Mg reacts faster.

2. Experiment reaction with NaOH solution

This experiment is the same as the first experiment. It's just that in this second experiment the
hydrochloric acid solution is replaced with sodium hydroxide. In the reaction of sodium hydroxide
solution with aluminum retention there is no significant reaction. But when the reaction is heated, there
is a gas bubble, and the reaction is slow compared to magnesium. With the following reactions:

3NaOH + Al Al (OH)3 + 3Na

Whereas in the mixture of sodium hydroxide with Mg tape occurs the reaction without heating, the Mg band
becomes black, originally black gray. And the reaction is also faster than Al. with the following reactions:

2NaOH +Mg Mg (OH)2 + 2 Na.

Note that aluminum should not be washed with baking soda (sodium carbonate). Because this is due to
the solution that is able to settle is Al (OH) 2, because this solution gives OH concentration - which is
high enough as a result of hydrolysis. While sodium carbonate is a compound that is corrosion in the
equation equation:

CO32- (aq) + H2O HCO3 (aq) + OH

3. R reaction with oxygen

there is a third experiment that is dripping HgCl2 solution on aluminum foil paper, according to the
observation of aluminum foil formed bubbles like blisters. Then silence a few minutes of aluminum foil
into a grayish color due to the erosion of the aluminum layer on the aluminum foil. Aluminum foil is
washed with water to form bubbles below it. After that, let it be minutes in the air. The aluminum foil
paper is peeled all over and gradually disintegrates into ash.

The reaction with oxygen occurs after Al foil is reacted with HgCl2 which forms oxide, Al which forms like
ash, namely Al2O3:

Reaction:

HgCl2 + Al2O3 2 AlCl3 + 3HgO

HgCl2 can clean the surface layer of aluminum foil effectively, because HgCl2 can release the oxide oxide
from aluminum according to the reaction above.

After the aluminum layer has been eroded, then wash with aquadest. The next treatment is to let in the
air, so that a reaction occurs with oxygen to form a thin layer of okisda (AlCl3) which protects from the
oxide further. Reactions that occur:

2Al (s) + 3/2 O2 Al2O3 (s)

Cover up when leaving the Al foil paper in the air all peeled out and over time it breaks into ash. This
may be too much HgCl2 which is dripped so that it not only removes the protective oxide on aluminum
but destroys the aluminum as well.

4. Experiment compare aluminum chloride and magnesium chloride

In this experiment each heating was carried out on anhydrous aluminum chloride and anhydrous
magnesium chloride.

For anhydrous aluminum chloride when heated on spritus, anhydrous aluminum chloride lumps are
yellow and melt and become powder, there is smoke and odor and there is a thin film covering the test
tube. According to the theory, anhydrous magnesium chloride and anhydrous magnesium will melt and
require a different time. MgCl2 powder melts faster than AlCl3 because MgCl2 has a smaller density
compared to AlCl3.

Then for 1 anhydrous aluminum chloride spoon dripped with dropwise water, the solution becomes hot,
and after being measured with a universal indicator, pH = 1. This shows that if solid AlCl3 is detetrated
with excess water it will produce an acid solution with a pH of 1 or more if the solution obtained is more
concentrated. Reactions that occur:

AlCl3 (s) + 6H2O (l) -> [Al (H2O) 6] 3+ (aq) + 3Cl - (aq)

Then inserting a spoon of anhydrous MgCl2 powder into a test tube is dripped with dropwise water, the
solution becomes hot, and hotter than anhydrous aluminum chloride, and after that it is measured with
universal paper, pH = 1. This shows that if solid MgCl2 is dripped with excess water it will produce an
acid solution with pH = 1 or more if the solution obtained is more concentrated. Reactions that occur:

MgCl2 (s) + 4H2O (l) -> [Mg (H2O) 4] 2+ (aq) + 2Cl - (aq)

5. Comparing the acid-base properties of aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide

Al (Al2O3) oxide in water tends to form acid, although it is also biased in nature, because it has
amphoteric properties, where H2O will form acidic properties (H +) so that it forms 2Al (OH) 3. when the
measurement is known pH = 3. There is no reaction that occurs:

Al2O3 + H2O 2Al (OH) 3

Al2O3 mixed with dilute HCl produces a hot and acidic solution, with pH = 1. Reactions that occur:

Al2O3 (s) + 6HCl (aq) dilute AlCl3 (aq) slow + 3H2O (g)

Al2O3 reacted with NaOH after being tested with a universal indicator obtained pH = 13. Reactions that
occur:

Al2O3 (s) + 2NaOH (aq) + 3H2O 2NaAl (OH) 4 (aq)

Whereas for MgO in water tends to form bases because of the presence of white deposits of Mg (OH) 2
which is a pH base = 8. Reactions that occur:

MgO (s) + H2O (aq) dilute Mg (OH) 2 (s).

As for MgO in dilute HCl. after being tested with a universal indicator, pH = 9

MgO (s) + 2HCl (aq) dilute MgCl2 (s) + H2O (aq)

MgO reacts with NaOH, when tested with universal indicator paper obtained pH = 13. As for the
reaction:

MgO (s) + 2NaOH (aq) Mg (OH) 2 + 2Na2O (aq)

From the above reaction can be seen that aluminum xan magnesium metal can react with dilute acid
compounds and dilute bases. In other words, the properties possessed by aluminum and magnesium
metals are called amphoteric.

6. Compare the acid-base properties of hydrated Al3 + and Mg2 + ions

In this sixth experiment, where when the Mg2 + solution is examined with the pH indicator paper = 4,
this indicates acidic properties. Then when Mg2 + is checked with indicator paper pH = 8, which shows
Mg2 + is alkaline, according to the existing theory.

For Al3 + when dilute NaOH is added, and after testing with pH paper indicator = 4, this indicates that Al
is acidic. Reactions that occur:
Al3 + (aq) + 2OH - + 3H2O Al (OH) 4

Because [Al (H2O) 2] - dissolves in water and [Al (OH) 3 (H2O) 3] does not dissolve because [Al (H2O) 2] -
ion which of course will mearut, as [Al (OH) 3 (H2O ) 3] cannot ion as an electron acceptor donor in
water because ir is not a strong base. Reactions that occur:

[Al (H2O) 6] 3+ + 3 OH [Al (H2O) 3 (OH) 3] (s) + H2O (l)

Reaction in NaOH:

[Al (H2O) 3 (OH) 3] (s) + OH (aq) [Al (H2O) 2 (OH) 4] - (aq) + H2O (aq)

Mg reactions in H2O

[Mg (H2O) 4] 2+ + 2OH [Mg (H2O) 2 (OH) 4] - (aq) + H2O

G. CONCLUSION

1. The reaction of aluminum metal in dilute HCl runs slowly requiring heating. The reaction is slow
because aluminum metal has an aluminum oxide layer that protects the metal. As for the reaction of the
Mg band with HCl, it takes place quickly without heating.

2. Aluminum metal is more easily dissolved in NaOH solution compared to magnesium.

3. HgCl2 solution can clean the surface of aluminum foil.

4. aluminum is acidic than magnesium