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PHASES OF COMPOSITES:
Matrix Phase: Polymers, Metals,
Ceramics
Reinforcement Phase: Fibers, Particles, or Flakes
FUNCTIONS OF MATRIX :
In a composite material, the matrix material serves the following functions:
Holds the fibers together.
Protects the fibers from environment.
Distributes the loads evenly between fibers so that all fibers are subjected to the
same amount of strain.
Enhances transverse properties of a laminate.
Improves impact and fracture resistance of a component.
Helps to avoid propagation of crack growth through the fibers
by providing alternate failure path along the interfacebetween
the fibers and the matrix.
METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES:
-As the name implies, for metal-matrix composites (MMCs) the matrix is a ductile metal.
These materials may be utilized at higher service temperatures than their base metal
counterparts; furthermore, the reinforcement may improve specific stiffness, specific strength,
abrasion resistance, creep resistance, thermal conductivity and dimensional stability.
CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES:
-The fracture toughness of ceramics have been improved significantly by the development of a
new generation of ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs). Ceramic-matrix composite materials
have extended fracture toughness to between about 6 and 20 MPa.
Fiber Reinforced
Composites/Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (FRP) Composites
Laminar Composites
5. HYBRID COMPOSITES
A relatively new fiber-reinforced composite is the hybrid, which is obtained by using two or more
different kinds of fibers in a single matrix; hybrids have a better all-around combination of
properties than composites containing only a single fiber type.
PARTICLE-REINFORCED COMPOSITES:
Particulate Composites: are composed of particles distributed or embedded in a matrix body. The
particles may be flakes or in powder form. Concrete and wood particle boards are examples of
this category.
Large-particle and dispersion- strengthened composites are the two sub classifications of
particle-reinforced composites.
Concrete is a common large-particle composite in which both matrix and dispersed phases are
ceramic materials.
Metals and metal alloys may be strengthened and hardened by the uniform dispersion of several
volume percent of fine particles of a very hard and inert material. The dispersed phase may be
metallic or nonmetallic; oxide materials are often used.
LAMINAR COMPOSITES:
A LAMINAR COMPOSITE is composed of two-dimensional sheets or panels that have
preferred high-strength direction such as is found inwoodand continuous and aligned fiber-
reinforced plastics.