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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1926.703
(2) Concrete buckets shall be de- (b) Shoring and reshoring. (1) All shor-
signed to prevent concrete from hang- ing equipment (including equipment
ing up on top and the sides. used in reshoring operations) shall be
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§ 1926.703 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–16 Edition)
inspected prior to erection to deter- (c) Vertical slip forms. (1) The steel
mine that the equipment meets the re- rods or pipes on which jacks climb or
quirements specified in the formwork by which the forms are lifted shall be—
drawings. (i) Specifically designed for that pur-
(2) Shoring equipment found to be pose; and
damaged such that its strength is re- (ii) Adequately braced where not en-
duced to less than that required by cased in concrete.
§ 1926.703(a)(1) shall not be used for (2) Forms shall be designed to pre-
shoring. vent excessive distortion of the struc-
(3) Erected shoring equipment shall ture during the jacking operation.
be inspected immediately prior to, dur- (3) All vertical slip forms shall be
ing, and immediately after concrete provided with scaffolds or work plat-
placement. forms where employees are required to
(4) Shoring equipment that is found work or pass.
to be damaged or weakened after erec- (4) Jacks and vertical supports shall
tion, such that its strength is reduced be positioned in such a manner that
to less than that required by the loads do not exceed the rated ca-
§ 1926.703(a)(1), shall be immediately re- pacity of the jacks.
inforced. (5) The jacks or other lifting devices
(5) The sills for shoring shall be shall be provided with mechanical dogs
sound, rigid, and capable of carrying or other automatic holding devices to
the maximum intended load. support the slip forms whenever failure
(6) All base plates, shore heads, ex- of the power supply or lifting mecha-
tension devices, and adjustment screws nism occurs.
shall be in firm contact, and secured (6) The form structure shall be main-
when necessary, with the foundation tained within all design tolerances
and the form. specified for plumbness during the
jacking operation.
(7) Eccentric loads on shore heads
(7) The predetermined safe rate of lift
and similar members shall be prohib-
shall not be exceeded.
ited unless these members have been
(d) Reinforcing steel. (1) Reinforcing
designed for such loading.
steel for walls, piers, columns, and
(8) Whenever single post shores are
similar vertical structures shall be
used one on top of another (tiered), the
adequately supported to prevent over-
employer shall comply with the fol-
turning and to prevent collapse.
lowing specific requirements in addi-
(2) Employers shall take measures to
tion to the general requirements for
prevent unrolled wire mesh from re-
formwork:
coiling. Such measures may include,
(i) The design of the shoring shall be but are not limited to, securing each
prepared by a qualified designer and end of the roll or turning over the roll.
the erected shoring shall be inspected (e) Removal of formwork. (1) Forms
by an engineer qualified in structural and shores (except those used for slabs
design. on grade and slip forms) shall not be
(ii) The single post shores shall be removed until the employer determines
vertically aligned. that the concrete has gained sufficient
(iii) The single post shores shall be strength to support its weight and su-
spliced to prevent misalignment. perimposed loads. Such determination
(iv) The single post shores shall be shall be based on compliance with one
adequately braced in two mutually per- of the following:
pendicular directions at the splice (i) The plans and specifications stipu-
level. Each tier shall also be diagonally late conditions for removal of forms
braced in the same two directions. and shores, and such conditions have
(9) Adjustment of single post shores been followed, or
to raise formwork shall not be made (ii) The concrete has been properly
after the placement of concrete. tested with an appropriate ASTM
(10) Reshoring shall be erected, as the standard test method designed to indi-
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original forms and shores are removed, cate the concrete compressive
whenever the concrete is required to strength, and the test results indicate
support loads in excess of its capacity. that the concrete has gained sufficient
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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1926.705
strength to support its weight and su- § 1926.705 Requirements for lift-slab
perimposed loads. construction operations.
(2) Reshoring shall not be removed (a) Lift-slab operations shall be de-
until the concrete being supported has signed and planned by a registered pro-
attained adequate strength to support fessional engineer who has experience
its weight and all loads in place upon in lift-slab construction. Such plans
it. and designs shall be implemented by
the employer and shall include detailed
APPENDIX TO § 1926.703(a)(1)
instructions and sketches indicating
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FORMWORK the prescribed method of erection.
These plans and designs shall also in-
(This appendix is non-mandatory.) clude provisions for ensuring lateral
This appendix serves as a non-mandatory stability of the building/structure dur-
guideline to assist employers in complying ing construction.
with the formwork requirements in (b) Jacks/lifting units shall be
§ 1926.703(a)(1). Formwork which has been de- marked to indicate their rated capac-
signed, fabricated, erected, braced, supported ity as established by the manufacturer.
and maintained in accordance with Sections (c) Jacks/lifting units shall not be
6 and 7 of the American National Standard loaded beyond their rated capacity as
for Construction and Demolition Oper- established by the manufacturer.
ations—Concrete and Masonry Work, ANSI
(d) Jacking equipment shall be capa-
A10.9–1983, shall be deemed to be in compli-
ance with the provision of § 1926.703(a)(1).
ble of supporting at least two and one-
half times the load being lifted during
[53 FR 22643, June 16, 1988, as amended at 61 jacking operations and the equipment
FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996] shall not be overloaded. For the pur-
pose of this provision, jacking equip-
§ 1926.704 Requirements for precast ment includes any load bearing compo-
concrete.
nent which is used to carry out the lift-
(a) Precast concrete wall units, ing operation(s). Such equipment in-
structural framing, and tilt-up wall cludes, but is not limited, to the fol-
panels shall be adequately supported to lowing: threaded rods, lifting attach-
prevent overturning and to prevent col- ments, lifting nuts, hook-up collars, T-
lapse until permanent connections are caps, shearheads, columns, and foot-
completed. ings.
(b) Lifting inserts which are embed- (e) Jacks/lifting units shall be de-
ded or otherwise attached to tilt-up signed and installed so that they will
precast concrete members shall be ca- neither lift nor continue to lift when
pable of supporting at least two times they are loaded in excess of their rated
the maximum intended load applied or capacity.
transmitted to them. (f) Jacks/lifting units shall have a
(c) Lifting inserts which are embed- safety device installed which will cause
ded or otherwise attached to precast the jacks/lifting units to support the
concrete members, other than the tilt- load in any position in the event any
up members, shall be capable of sup- jack/lifting unit malfunctions or loses
porting at least four times the max- its lifting ability.
imum intended load applied or trans- (g) Jacking operations shall be syn-
mitted to them. chronized in such a manner to ensure
(d) Lifting hardware shall be capable even and uniform lifting of the slab.
of supporting at least five times the During lifting, all points at which the
slab is supported shall be kept within
maximum intended load applied or 1⁄2 inch of that needed to maintain the
transmitted to the lifting hardware.
slab in a level position.
(e) No employee shall be permitted (h) If leveling is automatically con-
under precast concrete members being trolled, a device shall be installed that
lifted or tilted into position except will stop the operation when the 1⁄2inch
those employees required for the erec- tolerance set forth in paragraph (g) of
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§ 1926.705 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–16 Edition)
(i) If leveling is maintained by man- until the wedges at that column have
ual controls, such controls shall be lo- been secured.
cated in a central location and at- (m) All welding on temporary and
tended by a competent person while permanent connections shall be per-
lifting is in progress. In addition to formed by a certified welder, familiar
meeting the definition in § 1926.32(f), with the welding requirements speci-
the competent person must be experi- fied in the plans and specifications for
enced in the lifting operation and with the lift-slab operation.
the lifting equipment being used. (n) Load transfer from jacks/lifting
(j) The maximum number of manu- units to building columns shall not be
ally controlled jacks/lifting units on executed until the welds on the column
one slab shall be limited to a number shear plates (weld blocks) are cooled to
that will permit the operator to main- air temperature.
tain the slab level within specified tol- (o) Jacks/lifting units shall be posi-
erances of paragraph (g) of this section, tively secured to building columns so
but in no case shall that number ex- that they do not become dislodged or
ceed 14. dislocated.
(k)(1) No employee, except those es- (p) Equipment shall be designed and
sential to the jacking operation, shall installed so that the lifting rods cannot
be permitted in the building/structure slip out of position or the employer
while any jacking operation is taking shall institute other measures, such as
place unless the building/structure has the use of locking or blocking devices,
been reinforced sufficiently to ensure which will provide positive connection
its integrity during erection. The between the lifting rods and attach-
phrase ‘‘reinforced sufficiently to en- ments and will prevent components
from disengaging during lifting oper-
sure its integrity’’ used in this para-
ations.
graph means that a registered profes-
sional engineer, independent of the en- APPENDIX TO § 1926.705—LIFT-SLAB
gineer who designed and planned the OPERATIONS
lifting operation, has determined from
(This appendix is non-mandatory.)
the plans that if there is a loss of sup-
port at any jack location, that loss will In paragraph 1926.705(k), OSHA requires
be confined to that location and the employees to be removed from the building/
structure during jacking operations unless
structure as a whole will remain sta-
an independent registered professional engi-
ble. neer, other than the engineer who designed
(2) Under no circumstances, shall any and planned the lifting operation, has deter-
employee who is not essential to the mined that the building/structure has been
jacking operation be permitted imme- sufficiently reinforced to insure the integ-
diately beneath a slab while it is being rity of the building/structure. One method to
lifted. comply with this provision is for the em-
ployer to ensure that continuous bottom
(3) For the purpose of paragraph (k) steel is provided in every slab and in both di-
of this section, a jacking operation be- rections through every wall or column head
gins when a slab or group of slabs is area. (Column head area means the distance
lifted and ends when such slabs are se- between lines that are one and one half
cured (with either temporary connec- times the thickness of the slab or drop panel.
tions or permanent connections). These lines are located outside opposite
faces of the outer edges of the shearhead sec-
(4) Employers who comply with ap- tions—See Figure 1). The amount of bottom
pendix A to § 1926.705 shall be consid- steel shall be established by assuming loss of
ered to be in compliance with the pro- support at a given lifting jack and then de-
visions of paragraphs (k)(1) through termining the steel necessary to carry, by
(k)(3) of this section. catenary action over the span between sur-
(l) When making temporary connec- rounding supports, the slab service dead load
plus any service dead and live loads likely to
tions to support slabs, wedges shall be
be acting on the slab during jacking. In addi-
secured by tack welding, or an equiva- tion, the surrounding supports must be capa-
lent method of securing the wedges to ble of resisting any additional load trans-
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prevent them from falling out of posi- ferred to them as a result of the loss of sup-
tion. Lifting rods may not be released port at the lifting jack considered.
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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1926.706
§ 1926.706 Requirements for masonry constructed plus four feet, and shall
construction. run the entire length of the wall.
(a) A limited access zone shall be es- (3) The limited access zone shall be
tablished whenever a masonry wall is established on the side of the wall
being constructed. The limited access which will be unscaffolded.
zone shall conform to the following. (4) The limited access zone shall be
(1) The limited access zone shall be restricted to entry by employees ac-
established prior to the start of con- tively engaged in constructing the
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EC30OC91.048</GPH>
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Pt. 1926, Subpt. Q, App. A 29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–16 Edition)
(5) The limited access zone shall re- Insulating Concrete for Compressive
main in place until the wall is ade- Strength (ASTM C513–86).
quately supported to prevent over- • Test Method for Comprehensive Strength
of Lightweight Insulating Concrete (ASTM
turning and to prevent collapse unless
C495–86).
the height of wall is over eight feet, in • Method of Making, Accelerating Curing,
which case, the limited access zone and Testing of Concrete Compression Test
shall remain in place until the require- Specimens (ASTM C684–81).
ments of paragraph (b) of this section • Test Method for Compressive Strength of
have been met. Concrete Using Portions of Beams Broken in
(b) All masonry walls over eight feet Flexure (ASTM C116–68 (1980)).
in height shall be adequately braced to
prevent overturning and to prevent col- Subpart R—Steel Erection
lapse unless the wall is adequately sup-
ported so that it will not overturn or AUTHORITY: Section 3704 of the Contract
collapse. The bracing shall remain in Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (40
place until permanent supporting ele- U.S.C. 3701); Sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occu-
ments of the structure are in place. pational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29
U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor’s
APPENDIX A TO SUBPART Q OF PART Order Nos. 3–2000 (65 FR 50017), 5–2002 (67 FR
1926—REFERENCES TO SUBPART Q OF 65008), and 5–2007 (72 FR 31159); and 29 CFR
PART 1926 part 1911.
SOURCE: 66 FR 5265, Jan. 18, 2001, unless
(This appendix is non-mandatory.)
otherwise noted.
The following non-mandatory references
provide information which can be helpful in § 1926.750 Scope.
understanding and complying with the re-
quirements contained in subpart Q.
(a) This subpart sets forth require-
• Accident Prevention Manual for Indus- ments to protect employees from the
trial Operations; Eighth Edition; National hazards associated with steel erection
Safety Council. activities involved in the construction,
• Building Code Requirements for Rein- alteration, and/or repair of single and
forced Concrete (ACI 318–83). multi-story buildings, bridges, and
• Formwork for Concrete (ACI SP–4). other structures where steel erection
• Recommended Practice for Concrete
occurs. The requirements of this sub-
Formwork (ACI 347–78).
• Safety Requirements for Concrete and part apply to employers engaged in
Masonry Work (ANSI A10.9–1983). steel erection unless otherwise speci-
• Standard Test Method for Compressive fied. This subpart does not cover elec-
Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens trical transmission towers, commu-
(ASTM C39–86). nication and broadcast towers, or
• Standard Test Method for Making and tanks.
Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
(ASTM C31–85). NOTE TO PARAGRAPH (a): Examples of struc-
• Standard Test Method for Penetration tures where steel erection may occur include
Resistance of Hardened Concrete (ASTM but are not limited to the following: Single
C803–82). and multi-story buildings; systems-engi-
• Standard Test Method for Compressive neered metal buildings; lift slab/tilt-up
Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast In-Place structures; energy exploration structures;
in Cylindrical Molds (ASTM C873–85). energy production, transfer and storage
• Standard Method for Developing Early structures and facilities; auditoriums; malls;
Age Compressive Test Values and Projecting amphitheaters; stadiums; power plants;
Later Age Strengths (ASTM C918–80). mills; chemical process structures; bridges;
• Recommended Practice for Inspection trestles; overpasses; underpasses; viaducts;
and Testing Agencies for Concrete, Steel and aqueducts; aerospace facilities and struc-
Bituminous Materials as Used in Construc- tures; radar and communication structures;
tion (ASTM E329–77). light towers; signage; billboards; score-
• Method of Making and Curing Concrete boards; conveyor systems; conveyor supports
Test Specimens in the Laboratory (ASTM and related framing; stairways; stair towers;
C192–88). fire escapes; draft curtains; fire containment
• Methods of Obtaining and Testing Drilled structures; monorails; aerialways; catwalks;
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete (ASTM curtain walls; window walls; store fronts; el-
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