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 Natural numbers N : counting numbers

{1,2,3,……}
1- Integers : Z : every natural number is integer
{ ……, -3 , -2 , -1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , ……..}

2 – Prime numbers : only be divided by themselves

 1 is not prime number

 2 is only even prime number
2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13 , ……
 Rational Numbers Q : can be written as fraction or recurring decimals
1 5
= 0.2 , 2 , 2.9 , 4.33333 , 5.898989 ,5 , etc. .
5 9

 Irrational Numbers :
 cannot be expressed as fraction
 The square root of any odd number apart from the square number
 Any decimal number which neither repeat nor terminate
 Set of (3) and (4) together =set of Real numbers R

√2 , √3 , π ,
 Square numbers :
3x3 can be written as 32 ( three squared )2 is called index ; indices
{ 1 , 4 , 9 , 16 , …..}

5-(a) Square Roots ( √ )

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Square Root is the inverse of a square . it can be quickly obtained from a

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calculator using the √ key

√9 = 3 since 3x3 =9
 Cube numbers :
5x5x5 written as 53 ( five cubed )
2 x 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 = 23 x 52
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6 – (a) Cube Roots ( √ )
Cube root is inverse of a cube . it can be quickly obtained from a calculator using
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the √ key
3
√27 = 3 Since 3x3x3 =27

 Factors :

A factor of number that will divided into it without remainder .

( find the numbers were multiplied together to give that number )

Ex. Factor of 12 = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 12

 – Prime factors :

Prime number that is also a factor of another number .

Ex. Prime factors of 24 are 2 and 3 since ( 24 , 1 , 12 , , , 8 , 4 , 6 ) are factors

of 24

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 - Highest Common Factor (HCF) :

The highest factor which is common to a group of numbers

Ex. Factors of 6 = 1 , ,3,6

Factors of 8 = 1 , ,4,8

Factors of 12 = 1 , , 3 , 4 , 6 , 12

 - Multiples

These are the” time table “ of a number

Ex. Multiples of 3 are 3 , 9 , 12 , 18 ,……..

 – Lowest Common Multiple (L C M )

The lowest multiple which is common to a group of numbers .it is found by listing
all multiples of group of numbers and finding the lowest number which is
common to each set of multiples.

Ex. Multiples of 2 = 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , , 20,….

. Multiples of 3 = 3 , 9 , 12 , 15 , , 21 , 24 , …….

. Multiples of 9 = 9 , , 27 , 36 , ..….

LCM = 18

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Directed numbers
These are numbers with direction ; their sign , either positive or negative indicates
their direction .

Positive number : are above zero on the temperature scale or to the right of zero
on the number line

Negative numbers : are below zero on the temperature scale or to the left of
zero on the number line

temperatures above freezing

point are positive

Freezing point

Temperatures below freezing

point are negative

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Mixed Calculations
Correct Ordering Operation

Every mixed calculation must follow certain steps in order to get the correct

final answer . We use a method called BODMAS or BIDMAS to tell

us the importance of each operation in mathematics – that is which

operation to do first .

B I D M A S
r n i u d u
a d v l d b
c e i t t
k c d i r
e e e p a
t s l c
s y t

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Directed numbers

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