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Best form of government according to Karl Marx

When it comes to Marxist politics, Marxists see the world as a struggle between the bourgeoisie
(owners of private property and the means of production) and the proletariat (workers), with
economics as the foundation on which the rest of society is built. Marxists believe the state is an
arena in which the haves and the have-nots struggle. Thus, Marxists see a democratic state or
republic, especially in a capitalist economic system, as undesirable. According to Engels, “The
modern state, no matter what its form, is essentially a capitalist machine.” This “machine” is an
unacceptable state since it so clearly focuses on exploiting its citizens.

In a socialist society, the mode of production does not exploit its citizens to the extent that
capitalism does and thus encourages a less exploitative political system. Socialist governments
tend to discourage class antagonism since they are founded on economic systems that are
close to abolishing class distinctions. This less exploitative nature of government makes the
democracy more genuine and socialism more appealing than capitalism. Socialism, however,
still lacks several factors of the ideal state of communism.

The ideal state for the Marxist is no state at all, since any government (whether a democracy or
a dictatorship) is a vehicle for maintaining class antagonism. Marx says, “Political power is
merely the organized power of one class for oppressing another.” The state exists, therefore,
because class antagonism exists. Once class antagonism is eradicated, the state will no longer
be necessary. Lenin says, “According to Marx, the State could neither arise nor maintain itself if
a reconciliation of classes were possible.”

Forms of government that Karl Marx suggested

According to Marx, capitalism contained the seeds of its own destruction. Communism was the
inevitable end to the process of evolution begun with feudalism and passing through capitalism
and socialism. Marx wrote extensively about the economic causes of this process in Capital.
Volume one was published in 1867 and the later two volumes, heavily edited by Engels, were
published posthumously in 1885 and 1894.

Karl Marx's Economic view

The labor theory of value, decreasing rates of profit, and increasing concentration of wealth are
key components of Marx’s economic thought. His comprehensive treatment of capitalism stands
in stark contrast, however, to his treatment of socialism and communism, which Marx handled
only superficially. He declined to speculate on how those two economic systems would operate.

According to Marxist economics, the move from capitalism to socialism to communism and the
classless society is inevitable, according to the dialectic. Capitalism contains its own fatal flaw,
and it cannot stop its advance toward socialism just as socialist countries such as the People’s
Republic of China cannot stop their advance toward communism. When communism becomes
the world’s economic system, the dialectical march toward utopia will have reached its zenith.
Kenneth Neill Cameron explains, “Marx and Engels expected that communist society would be
the last form of human society, for once the world’s productive forces were communally owned
no other form could arise.”

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