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Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or due
to a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if your body can't
make blood properly because of an illness.
Purpose:
To administer required blood component by the client
To restore the blood volume
To improve oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
Procedure
Blood Types
Every person has one of the following blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Also,
every person's blood is either Rh-positive or Rh-negative. So, if you
have type A blood, it's either A positive or A negative.
The blood used in a transfusion must work with your blood type. If it
doesn't, antibodies (proteins) in your blood attack the new blood and
make you sick.
People who have type AB blood are called universal recipients. This
means they can get any type of blood.
Nursing Interventions:
1. Verify doctor’s order.
2. Check for cross-matching and blood typing.
3. Obtain and record baseline V/S
4. Practice strict ASEPSIS
5. At least 2 nurses check the label of BT
Serial number
Blood component
Blood type
Rh factor
Expiration date
Screening tests: VDRL, HBsAg, malarial smear
6. Warm blood at room temperature
7. Identify client properly
8. Use needle g. 18 or 19
9. Use BT set with filter
10. Start infusion slowly at 10 gtts/min. Remain at bedside for 15 to 30
minutes
11. Monitor V/S
12. Do not mix medication with BT
13. Administer PNSS before, during and after BT
14. Administer BT for 4 hours (FWB, PRBC). For plasma, platelets,
cryoprecipitate, transfuse quickly (20 min) clotting factors can easily
be destroyed
Complication:
1. Allergic reaction
2. Febrile, Non-hemolytic
3. Septic reaction
4. Circulatory overload
5. Hemolytic reaction
Low back pain (first sign)