Tutorial I (Synchronous Machines)

Submission Deadline: 17th September 2018

Q1.
a) If the excitation of a synchronous motor is so controlled that the power factor is always
unity, show that the power is proportional to the tangent of the load angle. Neglect all
machine losses.

[4 Marks]
b) A 3-phase, 6600-V, 6-pole, 50-Hz, star-connected synchronous motor has a
synchronous impedance of 0 + 𝑗30Ω per phase. At rated load the armature current is
100 A at 0.9 p.f. leading. Neglecting losses:
i. Determine the e.m.f. (𝐸𝑓 ), the load angle in mechanical degrees and the rated
torque.
ii. What increase of excitation will be required to sustain a torque overload of
25000 Nm without falling out of step?
iii. With this new excitation, what would be the values of current, power factor and
load angle at rated torque?
iv. With this new excitation, what reduction of terminal voltage would be
permissible so that the machine would just stay in synchronism at rated torque?
v. With this new excitation, and rated terminal voltage, what would be the value
of current if the load was removed altogether?
[16 Marks]

Q2.
a) Is it possible to have the full load terminal voltage greater than the no load terminal
voltage of an alternator? Explain
[4 Marks]
b) A 100 MVA, 11 kV, 3 phase generator (salient pole rotor) has 𝑥𝑑 = 1.6Ω/𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 and
𝑥𝑞 = 0.5 Ω/𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒. Calculate the internal emf and load angle when the generator
delivers 75% full load at 0.85 power factor lag, at rated voltage.
[8 Marks]
c) The load in a factory of 3 phase, 400 V supply is 800 kVA at 0.85 power factor lagging
and in addition there is a synchronous motor having an input of 200 KW. Determine
the input to the synchronous motor in kVA and the power factor at which it must
operate, if the power factor of the combined load should be 0.95 lagging.
[8 Marks]
Q3.
(a) A three phase synchronous generator is delivering a power of 0.9 p.u to an infinite bus at rated
voltage and at 0.80 power factor lagging. The generator has 𝑥𝑑 = 1.0 𝑝. 𝑢 and xq =
0.6 𝑝. 𝑢 . Calculate the internal EMF and the load angle.
[8 Marks]
(b) A certain generator subjected to sudden 3 phase short circuit at its terminal while on no-load
with 11 kV between lines produces short circuit fault current given by the following expression
𝑖 = (6 + 50𝑒 −2𝑡 + 15𝑒 −50𝑡 ) sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜃𝑜 ) − 40𝑒 −20𝑡 sin 𝜃𝑜 𝑘𝐴
(i) What is 𝜃𝑜 in this expression ?
(ii) What are the values of sub-transient time constant, transient time constant and
armature time constant, under short circuit condition ?
(iii)Determine the values of reactance xd , xd′ , xd′′ and xq′′ for the generator
(iv) Calculate approximate initial rms fault current

[12 Marks]