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● Bilateral priming can be performed with or without the assistance of an external
device.
● Without the assistance of an external device, the therapist instructs patients to move
the impaired upper extremity simultaneously or alternatingly with the healthy one.
● Robotic devices used for bilateral arm training, are mostly interactive one-degree of
freedom systems such as the Bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing
(BATRAC), the Bi-manu-track, and the Active and passive bilateral training
(APBT) with the Rocker device.
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● Lakshminarayanan, K., Wang, F., Webster, J. G., & Seo, N. J. (2017). Feasibility and usability of a wearable orthotic for
stroke survivors with hand impairment. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, 12(2), 175-183
● Schabrun, S. M., & Chipchase, L. S. (2012). Priming the brain to learn: the future of therapy?. Manual therapy, 17(2),
184-186
● Stinear, C. M., Petoe, M. A., Anwar, S., Barber, P. A., & Byblow, W. D. (2013). Bilateral priming accelerates recovery of
upper limb function after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke, STROKEAHA-113
● Harris-Love, M. L., & Harrington, R. M. (2017). Non-invasive Brain stimulation to enhance Upper Limb Motor Practice
Poststroke: A Model for selection of cortical site. Frontiers in neurology, 8, 224.
● Fusco, A., Iosa, M., Venturiero, V., De Angelis, D., Morone, G., Maglione, L., ... & Paolucci, S. (2014). After vs. priming
effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on upper extremity motor recovery in patients with subacute stroke.
Restorative neurology and neuroscience, 32(2), 301-312.
● Boddington, L. J., & Reynolds, J. N. J. (2017). Targeting interhemispheric inhibition with neuromodulation to enhance
stroke rehabilitation. Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation, 10(2), 214-222
● Boddington, L. J., & Reynolds, J. N. J. (2017). Targeting interhemispheric inhibition with neuromodulation to enhance
stroke rehabilitation. Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation, 10(2), 214-222.
● Di Pino, G., Pellegrino, G., Assenza, G., Capone, F., Ferreri, F., Formica, D., ... & Di Lazzaro, V. (2014). Modulation of
brain plasticity in stroke: a novel model for neurorehabilitation. Nature Reviews Neurology, 10(10), 597
● Blicher, J. U., Near, J., Næss-Schmidt, E., Stagg, C. J., Johansen-Berg, H., Nielsen, J. F., ... & Ho, Y. C. L. (2015). GABA
levels are decreased after stroke and GABA changes during rehabilitation correlate with motor improvement.
Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 29(3), 278-286
● Byblow WD, Stinear CM, Smith M-C, Bjerre L, Flaskager BK, McCambridge AB. Mirror symmetric bimanual movement
priming can increase corticomotor excitability and enhance motor learning. PLoS One 2012;7(3):1e14
● Hummel F, Celnik P, Giraux P, Floel A, Wu W-H, Gerloff C, et al. Effects of € non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled
motor function in chronic stroke. Brain 2005 Mar;128(Pt 3):490e9.