Mathematical Methods 3/4 Trial Exam 2 Solutions 2006  1  1 1   1  1

Free download and print from www.itute.com Q10 f (x ) → f  x +  → f  x +  − → −  f  x +  −  ,

 2  2 4   2  4
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 1 1   2
1  1  1
SECTION 1 ∴ g (x ) = − f  x +  + = − −  x +  +  x +   + = x 2 .
 2 4   2  2  4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
E E D D E A D C A A C  πx 
Q11 Use graphics calculator to display y = x + sin   . In the
 2
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 interval [0,4] , the local minimum value is 1.7895 and the local
A B D A D C D C B D D
 πx 
maximum value is 2.2105. ∴ x + sin   − c = 0 will have
(
Q1 e 2 x +2 = e x , e 2 x + 2 − e x = 0 , e x e x + 2 − 1 = 0 . )  2 
x+ 2 x+2
more than one solution if 1.8 < c < 2.2 .
Since e ≠ 0 , ∴ e
x
−1 = 0 , e = 1 , x + 2 = 0 , x = −2 .
Q12 Use graphics calculator to display N = 5 × 2 0.1t , determine
Q2 3 cos(7 x ) + 1 is an even function. If x = a and x = b are the
dN dN
first two positive solutions to 3 cos(7 x ) + 1 = 0 , then x = −a and at t = 10 . ≈ 0.7 .
dt dt
x = −b are the first two negative solutions. Hence the sum = 0.
Q13 At 6.00 am, t = 6 , h = 1.5 + 0.6 cos π = 0.9 .
Q3 log 2 4a ( )p
= log 2 4 + log 2 a = 2 +
log a a p
p

log a 2
= 2+
p
log a 2
. At 8.00 am, t = 8 , h = 1.5 + 0.6 cos
8π
= 1.2 .
6
1.2 − 0.9
Average rate = = 0.150 .
Q4 For f (x ) to be defined, (x + 1) > 0 , ∴ x ≠ −1 . 8−6
2

Q14 Total area = − ∫ ( f (x ) − g (x ))dx + ∫ ( f (x ) − g (x ))dx

b c
Q5 2 x − 1 < 1 is equivalent to (2 x − 1) < 1 , (2 x − 1) − 1 < 0 ,
2 2
a b

[(2 x − 1) − 1][(2 x − 1) + 1] < 0 , ∴ 4 x(x − 1) < 0 , ∴ 0 < x < 1 . = ∫ ( f (x ) − g (x ))dx + ∫ ( f (x ) − g (x ))dx .

a c

b b

Q6
 
∫0 2(x − f (x ))dx = 2∫0 (x − f (x ))dx = 2 ∫0 xdx − ∫0 f (x )dx 
1 1 1 1
Q15

p −3 1 x  x2 
1

= 2  − 2[F (x )]0 = 1 − 2(F (1) − F (0)) = 1 − 2 F (1) + 2 F (0 ) .

1

 2 0
2
5  5
Q7 From graph, b = − , c = 2 , ∴ y = a x −  + 2 . x x
2  2 Q16 For π < x < 3π , f (x ) = cos  = − cos  ,
2 2 2
 5
The graph passes through (0,0 ) , ∴ 0 = a 0 −  + 2 , 1 x 1 a
 2 f ′(x ) = sin   , ∴ f ′(a ) = sin   .
2 2 2 2
8
∴a = − .
25
1
Q17 Let f (x ) = x , f ′(x ) =
, a = 16 , h = −1 .
Q8 Transformation of y = x : From graph, y = a x − p + 3 . 2 x
1
The graph passes through (0,0 ) , ∴ 0 = a − p + 3 , ∴ ap + 3 = 0 , 15 = 16+ − 1 ≈ 16 + − 1 × = 4 − 0.125 = 3.875 .
2 16
3
a=− .
p Q18 Check the gradient of the curve. As x → −∞ , f ′(x ) → 0 .
3x − p  x− p   p−x  As x → ∞ , f ′(x ) → 0 . Gradient is always negative. Slope is
Hence y = − + 3 = 31 −  = 31 − .
p  p   p  steepest (most negative) at x = 0.
   

Q9 Any relation has an inverse. Q19 Graph becomes more symmetrical as n increases. Graph
becomes more asymmetrical if p increases or decreases past 0.5.

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 Pr ( X ≤ 2 ∩ X ≥ 1) 1
Q20 Pr ( X ≤ 2 | X ≥ 1) = Q1eii. y = 3 x − 1 + 2 = (x − 1) 3 + 2 ,
Pr ( X ≥ 1)
dy 1 2 1
Pr ( X = 1) + Pr ( X = 2) 0.7 7 = (x − 1) 3 = . Maximal domain is R \ {1} .
−

= = = . dx 3 2
Pr ( X ≥ 1) 0.9 9 3(x − 1) 3

Q1f. The graphs of g (x ) = (x − α ) + α and g −1 (x ) are shown

3
Q21
Pr ( X > µ + 8) = Pr ( X > µ + 2σ ) = Pr (Z > 2 ) = 1 − Pr (Z < 2) . below.
g (x )
 − k cos(πx )  y=x
2

∫1 k sin (πx )dx = 1 ,  π  1 = 1 ,

2
Q22
g −1 (x )
− k cos(2π ) − k cos(π ) −2k π α
− = 1, =1, ∴k = − .
π π π 2

SECTION 2
α
Q1a. f (x ) = (x + b ) + c = x + 3bx + 3b x + b + c
3 3 2 2 3

= x 3 − 6 x 2 + 12 x + p , ∴ 3b = −6 and b 3 + c = p , The total area of the enclosed regions is the same as the total
∴ b = −2 and c = p + 8 . area enclosed after vertical and horizontal translations by α.

y=x
Q1b. x 3 − 6 x 2 + 12 x + p = 0 , ∴ (x − 2 ) + p + 8 = 0 ,
3

(x − 2)3 = −( p + 8) , ∴ x − 2 = 3 − ( p + 8) = −3 p+8 , 1

x = 2 − 3 p + 8 , which is defined for all real p. 0 1

Q1ci. For f (x ) = (x − 2) + p + 8 to have a stationary point on

3

the x-axis, p + 8 = 0 , p = −8 .

Q1cii. y 1
 x2 x4 
Total area = 4 × ∫
1
( )
x − x dx = 4  −  = 1 .
3

2 4 0
0
(0, 8)
y = f (x )

Q2a. P(t ) = Ae − at . At t = 0 , P(0) = Ae 0 = A .

0 (2, 0) x
dP dP
Q2bi. P(t ) = Ae − at , = −aAe − at = −aP , ∴ ∝P.
dt dt
Q1d. Since f (x ) = (x + b ) + c ,
3

dP dP
∴ f (x − b ) = ((x − b ) + b ) + c = x 3 + c ,
3
Q2bii. Since ∝ P, ∴ is halved when P is halved, i.e.
dt dt
∴ f (x − b ) − c = x 3 . 1 1 1
P = A . ∴ A = Ae − at , e −at = , e at = 2 , at = log e 2 ,
Compare with f (x + u ) + v = x 3 , u = −b = 2 and 2 2 2
v = −c = − p − 8 . log e 2
t= .
a
Q1ei. For p = −7 , f (x ) = x 3 − 6 x 2 + 12 x + p = (x − 2 ) + 1 .
3

Q2ci. D(t ) = P(0) − P(t ) = A − P(t ) .

Equation of function f: y = (x − 2 ) + 1 .
3

−1
: x = ( y − 2 ) + 1 . Express y as the D(t ) + P(t ) D(t )
3
Equation of function f A A
Q2cii. A = D(t ) + P(t ) , = , = +1,
subject of the equation, x − 1 = ( y − 2 ) , y − 2 =
3 3
x −1 , P(t ) P(t ) P(t ) P (t )
D(t )  D(t )  1  D(t ) 
y = 3 x −1 + 2 . ∴ f −1
(x ) = 3 x −1 + 2 . e at = + 1 , ∴ at = log e  + 1 , t = log e  + 1 .
P (t )  P(t )  a  P(t ) 

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Q2di. Q3dii. Use graphics calculator to sketch
1  D(t )  1  1000  −1  900 
t = log e  + 1 = log e (0.0196 + 1) = 1.40 × 10 9 α = tan −1   − tan   . Find x where maximum α
a  P (t )  1 .39 × 10 −11
 x   x 
occurs, x = 949 m.
D(t ) 1 dt 1
Q2dii. Let r = , t = log e (r + 1) , = .
P(t ) a dr a(r + 1) Q3diii. α = 0.052656 c = 0.052656 ×
180 o
= 3.02 o .
dt ∆r 0.00130 π
∆t ≈ ∆r = = = 9.17 × 10 7 .
dr a(r + 1) 1.39 × 10 −11 (0.0196 + 1)
Q3div. For x ≥ 2000 , α is maximum at x = 2000 ,
180 o
α = 0.040794 × = 2.34 o .
Q3ai. 5000 π
θ
500
Q4a.
Pr (4.95 ≤ L ≤ 5.05) = normalcdf (4.95,5.05,5.00,0.02 ) = 0.988
500
tan θ = , θ = 0.100 . Lower bound for θ is −0.100 .
5000 Q4b. Pr (3.92 ≤ d ≤ 4.08) = ∫ 750(d − 3.9)(4.1 − d )dd
4.08

3.92

h − 500 = 0.944 (by graphics calculator)

Q3aii. = tan θ , ∴ h = 5000 tan θ + 500 .
5000
Q4c. Proportion acceptable = 0.988 × 0.944 = 0.933 ,
dh 5000 ∴ proportion unacceptable = 1 − 0.933 = 0.067 .
Q3b. h = 5000 tan θ + 500 , = 5000 sec 2 θ =
dθ cos 2 θ
Q4d.
dh dh dθ dh 5000 dθ
Related rates: = × ,∴ = × . L L’
dt dθ dt dt cos 2 θ dt d 0.933 0.011 0.944
dθ cos 2 θ dh d’ 0.055 0.001 0.056
Hence = × .
dt 5000 dt 0.988 0.012 1

dh dθ 0.055
Q3c. If is constant, then ∝ cos 2 θ . Required proportion = = 0.821 .
dt dt 0.067
π dθ
Since − 0.100 ≤ θ < , ∴ cos 2 θ and hence is maximum Q4e. 95% × 20 = 19 .
2 dt
when θ = 0 . Binomial distribution: n = 20 , p = 0.933 , x ≥ 19 ,
Pr ( X ≥ 19 ) = Pr ( X = 19 ) + Pr ( X = 20 ) = 0.3588 + 0.2498 = 0.609
Q3di.
Q4f. Pr(second inspection) = 0.609 × 0.3 + 0.391 × 0.9 = 0.535
Pr(no second inspection) = 1 − 0.535 = 0.465 .
100

900 α Please inform mathline@itute.com re conceptual,

θ1 mathematical and/or typing errors
θ2

1000  1000 
tan θ 1 = , θ 1 = tan −1  .
x  x 

900  900 
tan θ 2 = , θ 2 = tan −1  .
x  x 
 1000  −1  900 
∴ α = θ 1 − θ 2 = tan −1   − tan  .
 x   x 

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