M.E.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SIGMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
BAKROL, VADODARA

Advance Power System Protection and Switch Gear (2710707)

EXPERIMENT: DATE:
AIM: PERFORM PICK UP DROP OFF TEST OF RELAY

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
After performing this experiment, one should able to :
 Know the Pick up –drop off of relay

APPARATUS:
Pick up drop off testing relay panel

RATIONALE:

The testing of protection equipment schemes presents a number of problems. This is

because the main function of protection equipment is solely concerned with operation
under system fault conditions, and cannot readily be tested under normal system operating
conditions. This situation is aggravated by the increasing complexity of protection
schemes, the use of relays with extensive functionality implemented in software, and the
trend towards peer-to-peer logic implemented via Ethernet (as opposed to more traditional
hardwired approaches).

The testing of protection equipment may be divided into four stages:

_ Type Tests
_ Routine Factory Production Tests
_ Commissioning Tests
_ Periodic Maintenance Tests

Type Tests

Type tests are required to prove that a relay meets the published specification and complies
with all relevant standards. Since the principal function of a protection relay is to operate
correctly under abnormal power conditions, it is essential that the performance be assessed
under such conditions. Comprehensive type tests simulating the operational conditions are
therefore conducted at the manufacturer's works during the development and certification
of the equipment. PICK UP-DROP OFF is one of Type Test performed on relay.

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati

Pick up current: As the current on an un operated relay is increase the value at or below
which all contact must function (operate)

Drop off current: As the current on operated relay is decrease ,the value at or below which
all contact must revert to their un operated position

Routine Factory Production Tests

These are conducted to prove that relays are free from defects during manufacture. Testing
will take place at several stages during manufacture, to ensure problems are discovered at
the earliest possible time and hence minimize remedial work. The extent of testing will be
determined by the complexity of the relay and past manufacturing experience.

Commissioning Tests

These tests are designed to prove that a particular protection scheme has been installed
correctly prior to setting to work. All aspects of the scheme are thoroughly checked, from
installation of the correct equipment through wiring checks and operation checks of the
individual items of equipment, finishing with testing of the complete scheme.

Periodic Maintenance Checks

These are required to identify equipment failures and degradation in service, so that
corrective action can be taken. Because a protection scheme only operates under fault
conditions, defects may not be revealed for a significant period of time, until a fault occurs.
Regular testing assists in detecting faults that would otherwise remain undetected until a
fault occurs.

Circuit diagram:

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati

PROCEDURE:

1. Monitor contact continuity at Terminals 1 and 10 of relay

2. Apply sufficient current above tap value to close the contacts. Watch the disk movement
throughout the pickup to ensure that there is a smooth unhindered travel of the disk.

3. Increase the current until the contacts flicker.

NOTE: This is the minimum pickup current; it should be equal to +/− 5% of the tap
setting. The dropout current should be at least 85% of the tap setting. If the pickup current
does not meet specifications, adjust the tension on the spiral spring.

NOTE: Tightening the spring (turning it counterclockwise [CCW] from the top) increases
pickup current. Loosening the spring (turning it clockwise [CW] from the top) decreases
pickup current.

4. Remove the current and allow the disc to reset to the back stop. Watch the disk
movement throughout the reset to ensure that there is a smooth unhindered travel of the
disk.

5. Check the time that it takes the disk to reset itself from pickup position to the backstop
with the test current removed. note down drop off time.

NOTE: The reset time average is between 5 and 6 seconds per time dial position.

6. Apply minimum pickup current and verify that the movable contact just starts to move
away from the back stop.

NOTE: The pickup current should be equal to the tap setting +/− 5%. The dropout current
should be at least 85% of the tap setting.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Pick up
characteristic Pick up setting Measured Pick up
error
current

time

Drop off
characteristic Drop off setting Measured drop off
error
current

time

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati

CONCLUSION:

Prepared By: B.R.Prajapati