15ECE112-14 BALANCED THREE PHASE STAR-DELTA LOADS

Summary of Voltage, Current and Power Relationships:

PARAMETER STAR LOAD DELTA LOAD

FIGURE

PHASOR
DIAGRAM

VOLTAGE VLINE = VPHASE VLINE = VPHASE

CURRENT ILINE = IPHASE ILINE = IPHASE
APPARENT VLINEILINE or 3VPHASE ILINE VLINEILINE or 3VLINEIPHASE
POWER (S)
ACTIVE VLINEILINE cos or3VPHASEILINE cos VLINEILINE cos or 3VLINEIPHASE Cos
POWER
(P)
REACTIVE VLINEILINE sin or3VPHASEILINESin VLINEILINE sin or 3VLINEIPHASE Sin
POWER (Q)

MEMORIZE ABOVE TABLE

EXAMPLE

A balanced 3 phase delta connected load of 150 kW takes a lagging current of

60 A with a line voltage of 11kV, 50 Hz. Find the impedance per phase and the
power factor of the circuit.

SOLUTION

Total power of load P = 150Kw = 150000W ( - connection )

Line voltage of load VL = 11kV = 11000V

Line current of load IL = 60A

P= VL IL COS

COS = = = 0.131, Thus power factor ( pf ) = 0.131

For - connection

Iph = IL / = 60/1.73 =34.68 A

VPh = VL = 11000V

Impedance per phase = Zph = Vph / Iph = 11000 / 34.68 = 317.5

EXAMPLE

A 3-phase star connected load consisting 0f 3 similar inductive coils, each of

resistance 10 and inductance 0.2H is connected to a 400V , 50HZ, 3-phase
supply. Calculate the a) line current b)power factor c) total power

SOLUTION

Supply voltage VL = 400V Frequency f = 50HZ

Load R = 10 L = 0.2H ( R,L in series and they are connected in )

Z = R + X = 10 + 2×3.14×50×0.2 = ( 10 + 62.8 )
Zph = = = 63.6

Vph = VL / = 400 / 1.73 = 231V

IL = Iph = Vph / zPh = 231 / 63.6 = 3.63A

COS = R / Z = 10 / 63.6 = 0.157

Power P = VL IL COS = 1.73 400×3.63×0.157 = 394.37W

EXAMPLE

Repeat above example for the same load but connected in .

S0LUTION

Zph =63.6

Vph = VL = 400V

Iph = Vph / Zph = 400 / 63.6 = 6.3A

IL = Iph = 1.73 × 6.3 = 10.9A

COS = R / Z = 10 / 63.6 = 0.157

Power P = VL IL COS = 1.73 400×10.9×0.157 =1184.11 W

EXAMPLE

A delta connected balanced load is connected to a three phase,400V supply.

The load power factor is 0.8 lagging. If the line current is 34.64A find resistance
( R ), reactance ( X ), impedance ( Z ) of the load per phase , total active power ,
total reactive power and total apparent power.

SOLUTION

VL = 400V

IL = 34.64A

Power factor ( p f ), Cos = 0.8 , Thus Sin θ = 0.6

For - connection :
Vph = VL = 400V

Iph = IL / = 34.64 / 1.73 = 20A

Zph = Vph /Iph = 400 / 20 = 20

We know :

P f = Cos θ = R / Z , thus

0.8 = R / 20

R = 0.8×20 = 16 , and

X = Z Sinθ = 20×0.6=12

Further we know:

P= VL IL Cosθ = 1.73×400×34.64×0.8 = 19176W = S cos

Q= VL IL Sinθ = 1.73×400×34.64×0.6 = 14382W = Ssin

S= VL IL = 1.73×400×34.64 = 23971VA

EXAMPLE

A three Phase 173 V, 50 HZ delta connected source connected to delta

connected load of 30 + 10 Ω per phase as shown in figure given below.
Calculate the (i) phase current (ii) line current (iii) power consumed (iv) total
KVA.

SOLUTION

For - connection shown above:

Vab = VAB = 173 00 V

ZAB = 30 + 10 Ω

IAB = = = = 5.47 A

IBC = 5.47 = 5.47 A

ICA = 5.47 = 5.47 A

|ILine|= |Iphase|= × 5.47 = 9.47 A

Power consumed = cos

cos = = = 0.948

Power consumed = = 2.69 Kw

Total Kva = = = 2.83 Kva