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Tables of Plumbing Drain Pipe & Vent Pipe Sizes & Critical Distances to Plumbing Fixtures
Below our tables 1 and 2 summarize common plumbing code specifications for fixture venting and vent pipe sizes and distances that a plumbing
fixture can be located (horizontally) from the vent stack. You'll see these distances also in our sketch at left. [Click any image to see an enlarged,
detailed version.].
Drain Pipe Diameter Vertical Drain Pipe, Maximum Number of Fixtures Horizontal Drain, Maximum Number of Fixtures
1-1/4" dia 1 1
2" diam 16 8
2-1/2" dia 32 14
3" diam 48 35
Note: you can see from this table that at common home drain pipe sizes, if your pipe is 2" or larger you're unlikely to run into drain capacity trouble.
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Drain Pipe Size Vent Pipe Size[1] Distance [2]
[2] Critical distance between the plumbing fixture and the vent pipe. You can see that for vent pipe diameters under 4" you need to be vigilant about locating a
plumbing fixture too far from its vent pipe/stack
Definition of daily design flow of wastewater
The daily design flow is the volume of wastewater that should be assumed when determining the volume of wastewater that the sewage system
(septic system or soakbed or drainfield or other treatment system) must be capable of handling. "Handling" means both adequate treatment
and disposal without discharge of wastewater to the surface, to nearby waterways or to other unacceptable locations.
The following table gives septic system design flow rates that shall be assumed by septic system designers, giving flows in gallons of wastewater
per day per bedroom in the home served by a private onsite wastewater disposal system, that is, a private septic system. Different septic design
flow rates are assumed depending on the modernity and efficiency or water usage rate of the plumbing fixtures in the home. --DF
(a) Roof, footing, garage, cellar and surface water drainage must be excluded from the system. Water softener, water recharge and backwash
wastes normally are not to be discharged to the system unless a separate subsurface discharge to an area 250 feet from wells or water courses is
unavailable.
(b) Minimum design flows for various configurations of plumbing fixtures shall be as shown in Table 1.
NYS Appendix A-75 Table 1: Septic System Design Flow Rate Data
Post-1994 Water-saving plumbing fixtures: water-saving or low flow-rate fixtuires designed / produced after 1994
130
3.5 gallons per flush (GPF) toilet &
3.0 gallons per minute (GPM) flow-rate faucets & shower heads
Pre-1980 Standard plumbing fixtures: conventional plumbing fixtures produced before 1980 that use the larger water volumes
shown below
150
3.5 + (or more) GPF toilet &
3.0 + (or more) GPM maximum flow rate faucets & shower heads
Water-saving toilet,
90
1GPF or less with new standard fixtures (3.0 GPM max)
Waterless toilet (e.g. composting toilet) with new standard fixtures (3.0 GPM max) 75 Greywater Only
Notes to the table:
This table is adapted from the New York State Department of Health regulations Appendix 75-A part 3 with additional text and comments to clarify the different
categories of plumbing fixture water usage rates.
GPF = gallons per flush at the toilet. Note that for dual-flush toilets that use a smaller flush volume when only liquid waste is present may use still less water but the
flow rate assumptions in the NYS table address the alternative, solid-waste larger flush volumes of these fixtures.
GPM = gallons per minute of water flow at the faucet or shower head
Other estimates of daily water usage can be found at WATER QUANTITY USAGE TABLES
Actual Septic or wastewater drainfield size (leach field size, soakbed size, soakaway bed size, absorption trench size) is given as drainfield trench lengths and dimensions
in Table 4A, Septic Wastewater Effluent Input Flow Rate (Gallons per Day) found at SEPTIC DRAINFIELD SIZE
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