Starter Gramática

unit
Past simple Present simple and present
Afirmativa I / You / He / She / It / We / They got up early.
continuous
Negativa I / You / He / She / It / We / They didn’t get Uso
up early. El present simple se utiliza para describir rutinas y
Interrogativa Did / I / you / he / she / it / we / they get up acciones que se repiten.
early?  She reads her book every night.
Verbos regulares El present continuous hace referencia a acciones que se
cook ➞ cooked están desarrollando en este momento.
prepare ➞ prepared  They’re shopping for clothes at the moment.
stop ➞ stopped El present continuous también se utiliza para expresar
study ➞ studied planes de futuro inmediato.
Verbos irregulares
 I’m having a coffee with my friend this afternoon.
No hay normas para la formación de los verbos Nota: algunos verbos no se suelen utilizar en present
irregulares. Consulta la lista. continuous: believe, belong, hate, imagine, know, like,
love, prefer, remember, think, understand, want.
Uso
 I prefer chocolate ice cream.
El past simple de los verbos regulares e irregulares se
utiliza para describir o preguntar acerca de una acción
que se completó en el pasado. Comparative and superlative
 We ate spicy food last night. Did you like it? adjectives
Utilizamos el past simple si sabemos exactamente Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo
cuándo sucedió la acción.
Adjetivos breves sweet sweeter the sweetest
 We saw Zack yesterday. We didn’t see him today.
Adjetivos breves rare rarer the rarest
Present simple acabados en -e
Adjetivos breves hot hotter the hottest
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa acabados en
I / You sleep. I / You don’t sleep. Do I / you sleep? vocal
+ consonante
He / She / It sleeps. He / She / It Does he / she / it
doesn’t sleep. sleep? Adjetivos breves healthy healthier the
acabados en -y healthiest
We / They sleep. We / They don’t Do we / they
sleep. sleep? Adjetivos largos interesting more the most
interesting interesting

Present continuous Adjetivos

irregulares
good
bad
better
worse
best
worst
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Uso
I’m eating. I’m not eating. Am I eating? El comparativo + than sirve para comparar dos o más
You’re eating. You aren’t eating. Are you eating? personas o cosas.
He / She / It is He / She / It isn’t Is he / she / it  Melon is sweeter than orange.
eating. eating. eating? El superlativo se utiliza para expresar que una persona
We / They are We / They aren’t Are we / they o cosa es (o no es) la mejor.
eating. eating. eating?  Curry is the tastiest food in the world!

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Starter unit  Gramática

 Starter Vocabulario
unit
Adjectives: emotions
angry (adj) /ˈaeŋgri/ enfadado
excited (adj) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ ilusionado, alterado
funny (adj)  /ˈfʌni/ gracioso
lonely (adj) /ˈləʊnli/ solo
nervous (adj) /ˈnɜːvəs/ nervioso
relaxed (adj) /rɪˈlækst/ relajado
surprised (adj) /səˈpraɪzd/ sorprendido
tired (adj) /ˈtaɪəd/ cansado
Express it!
couldn’t sleep a wink  no pude/pudieron pegar ojo
was really into  le encantaba
Verbs: experiences
cook a healthy meal (v) 
/ˌkʊk ə ˈhelθi miːl/ preparar (una) comida sana
feel worried (v)  /ˌfiːl ˈwʌrid/ estar preocupado
go on a school trip (v)  /ˌɡəʊ ɒn ə ˌskuːl ˈtrɪp/ ir de excursión
have a lie-in (v)  /ˌhæv ə lɑi ɪn/ quedarse en la cama
have a sleepover with friends (v)  /ˌhæv ə ˈsliːpəʊvə wɪð
ˌfrendz/ dormir en casa de un/a amigo/a
make new friends (v)  /ˌmeɪk ˌnjuː ˈfrendz/ hacer nuevos amigos
sunbathe (v) /ˈsʌnbeɪð/ tomar el sol
Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Starter unit  Vocabulario
Holidays
book a hotel / hostel / B and B (v)  /ˌbʊk ə həʊˈtel, ˈhɒstl, ˌbiː
ən ˈbiː/ reservar un hotel / albergue / bed & breakfast
buy souvenirs from a shop (v)  /ˌbaɪ suːvəˈnɪəz frəm ə ʃɒp/
comprar souvenirs en una tienda
explore a new place (v)  /ɪkˌsplɔːr ə ˌnjuː ˈpleɪs/
explorar un lugar nuevo
get sunburned (v)  /ˌɡet ˈsʌnbɜːnd/ quemarse (al sol)
go abroad on holiday (v)  /ˌɡəʊ əˈbrɔːd ɒn ˌhɒlədeɪ/
ir de vacaciones al extranjero
have an accident (v)  /ˌhæv ən ˈæksɪdənt/
tener/sufrir un accidente
hire a car on holiday (v)  /ˌhaɪər ə ˈkɑː(r) ɒn ˌhɒlədeɪ/
alquilar un coche en vacaciones
lose your suitcase / passport (v)/ˌluːz jɔː ˈsuːtkeɪs, ˈpɑːspɔːt/
perder la maleta / el pasaporte
meet new people (v)  /ˌmiːt ˌnjuː ˈpiːpl/ conocer gente nueva
miss a flight / the bus / the train (v)  /ˌmɪs ə ˈflaɪt, ðə bʌs,
ðə treɪn/ perder un vuelo / el autobús / el tren
send a postcard to your friends (v)  /ˌsend ə ˈpəʊstkɑːd
tuː jɔː ˈfrendz/ mandar una postal a los amigos
Food
beans (n)  /biːnz/ judías
carrots (n)  /ˈkærəts/ zanahorias
cheese (n)  /tʃiːz/ queso
chicken (n)  /ˈtʃɪkɪn/ pollo
chilli sauce (n)  /ˌtʃɪli ˈsɔːs/ salsa de chile
crunchy (adj)  /ˈkrʌntʃi/ crujiente
healthy (adj)  /ˈhelθi/ sano, saludable
pepper (n)  /ˈpepə(r)/ pimienta
salt (n)  /sɔːlt/ sal
spicy (adj)  /ˈspaɪsi/ picante, especiado
sugar (n)  /ˈʃʊgə(r)/ azúcar
sweet (adj)  /swiːt/ dulce
tasty (adj)  /ˈteɪsti/ sabroso
yoghurt (n)  /ˈjɒgət/ yogur
 Unit 1 Gramática

have to, need to and must: modals of could, can, will be able to: modals of
obligation, necessity and prohibition ability and permission
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Las formas de could, can y will be able to son las
mismas para todas las personas del verbo.
Presente
Afirmativa
I / You / We / I / You / We / They Do I / you / we
They have to / don’t have to / don’t / they have to / Pasado Presente Futuro
need to read. need to read. need to read? I could speak They can speak We will be able to
He / She / It He / She / It doesn’t Does he / she / it French. French. speak French.
has to / needs to have to / doesn’t have to / need to Negativa
stay. need to stay. stay? Pasado Presente Futuro
Pasado I couldn’t speak You can’t speak She won’t be able to
I / You / He / She I / You / He / She / Did I / you / he / French. French. speak French.
/ It / We / They It / We / They didn’t she / it / we / they Interrogativa
had to / needed have to / didn’t have to / need to
to read. need to read. read? Pasado Presente Futuro
Could you speak Can he speak Will you be able to
La forma must es la misma para todas las personas del
French? French? speak French?
verbo. Se utiliza con el infinitivo sin to.
Uso  Could, can y will be able to se utilizan para
Afirmativa Negativa
expresar la capacidad de alguien o algo para realizar
I / You / He / She / We / They I / You / He / She / We / una acción; también describe lo que es posible en una
must wear a uniform. They mustn’t wear hats.
determinada situación.
Uso Can y could también describen permiso.
Se utiliza have to para referirse a obligaciones y normas.   Can I get a tattoo? No, you can’t. You’re too young.
 Students have to use the teachers’ surnames.
Must no tiene una forma de pasado. Se emplea had to. allow, be allowed to
 They had to leave after the film.
Utilizamos don’t have to para indicar que algo no es El verbo allow (somebody to do something) significa
necesario u obligatorio. “dar permiso (a alguien) (para hacer algo)”.
 Liz doesn’t have to do PE / didn’t have to wear a   My parents allow me to have friends for a sleepover.
 uniform. Be allowed to (do something) significa “tener permiso
Must indica que algo es importante, obligatorio, que para (hacer algo)”. Al utilizar esta estructura, no es
responde a una norma o a una ley. necesario decir quién da permiso.
 You must wear trainers at school.   I’m allowed to use my dad’s laptop.
Mustn’t se utiliza para expresar prohibición. Allow sigue el patrón de los verbos regulares. Para
 Steve mustn’t eat his sandwich in the classroom. utilizar be allowed to, solo hay que cambiar el verbo be.
El significado de must y have to es casi idéntico.   The teacher didn’t allow Sam to leave early.
 I must do my exams. = I have to do my exams.   Sam wasn’t allowed to leave early.
Must suele describir algo que el hablante considera
necesario. Have to hace referencia a algo necesario should, ought to: modals of advice
debido a las circunstancias.
 You must be at home at ten o’clock. Las formas de should / ought to son las mismas para
 I have to go to the sports centre to practise. todas las personas del verbo.
Lo contrario de must y have to es mustn’t. Must no se Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
suele utilizar en las preguntas. Lauren should be We shouldn’t make What should
 You mustn’t wear trainers at school. more hard-working. a lot of noise. Kay do?
Utilizamos need to / don’t need to para indicar que es Lauren ought to be
necesario o no es necesario hacer algo. more hard-working.
 I need to study harder.   You don’t need to worry.
Uso  Utilizamos should y ought to para dar o pedir
consejo. Ought to se emplea en frases afirmativas.
Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 1  Gramática
 Unit 1 Vocabulario
1.1 Adjectives: behaviour
acceptable (adj) /əkˈseptəbl/ aceptable
badly-behaved (adj) /ˌbædli
bɪˈheɪvd/ portarse mal
common (adj) /ˈkɒmən/ normal, habitual
compulsory (adj) /kəmˈpʌlsəri/ obligatorio
direct (adj)  /dəˈrekt, dɪ-, daɪ-/ directo
dishonest (adj) /dɪsˈɒnɪst/ mentiroso
easy-going (adj) /ˌiːziˈɡəʊɪŋ/ de trato fácil
fair (adj) /feə(r)/ justo
familiar (adj) /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ conocido
honest (adj) /ˈɒnɪst/ sincero
indirect (adj) /ˌɪndəˈrekt,
-dɪ-, -daɪ-/ no directo
rare (adj) /reə(r)/ poco común
strict (adj) /strɪkt/ estricto
unacceptable (adj) 
/ˌʌnəkˈseptəbl/ inaceptable
unfair (adj) /ˌʌnˈfeə(r)/ injusto
unfamiliar (adj) /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ desconocido
voluntary (adj) /ˈvɒləntri/ voluntario
well-behaved (adj)  /ˌwel bɪˈheɪvd/ (com)portarse bien
1.1 Express it!
… is dead after …  ...está muerto...
1.1 Extra vocabulary
feel at home (v)  sentirse a gusto,
/ˌfiːl ət ˈhəʊm/ como en casa
feel homesick (v) 
/ˌfiːl ˈhəʊmsɪk/ sentir morriña
miss (v) /mɪs/ echar de menos
settle into (phr v)  /ˌsetl ˈɪntə/ adaptarse a
1.2 Adjectives: personal qualities
active (adj) /ˈæktɪv/ activo
adventurous (adj)  I really like / liked it.
/ədˈventʃərəs/ aventurero
ambitious (adj) /æmˈbɪʃəs/ ambicioso
artistic (adj) /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ artístico
confident (adj) /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ seguro de sí mismo
creative (adj) /kriˈeɪtɪv/ creativo
curious (adj) /ˈkjʊəriəs/ curioso
hard-working (adj)  /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ trabajador
logical (adj) /ˈlɒdʒɪkl/ lógico
Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 1  Vocabulario
mathematical (adj) 
/ˌmæθəˈmætɪkl/ matemático
organized (adj) /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ organizado
sociable (adj) /ˈsəʊʃəbl/ sociable
1.2 Learn it!
career (n) /kəˈrɪə(r)/ trayectoria profesional
degree (n) /dɪˈgrɪː/ licenciatura, grado
1.3 Extra vocabulary
ceremony (n) /ˈserəməni/ ceremonia
hunt (v) /hʌnt/ cazar
status (n) /ˈsteɪtəs/ estatus
tattoo (n) /təˈtuː/ tatuaje
tribe (n) /traɪb/ tribu
warrior (n) /ˈwɒriə(r)/ guerrero, guerrera
1.3 Word builder
Noun suffixes 1
achievement (n)  logro
arrival (n) llegada
protection (n) protección
survival (n) supervivencia
1.4 Functional language
Explaining and reacting to change
How awful / exciting / surprising!
That’s dreadful / fantastic / understandable!
Oh dear! / no! / really?
What a pity / shame!
That sounds nice / terrible!
What is / was it like?
In the end, it was a good move.
How do / did you feel?
I was angry / anxious / excited.
That was sad.
What happened next?
Well, when I was …
 Unit 2 Gramática

too, too much, too many, Past simple

(not) enough: quantifiers
Afirmativa I / You / He / She / It / We / They watched a
Adjetivos Sustantivos Sustantivos film last night.
contables incontables Negativa I / You / He / She / It / We / They didn’t watch
The plot is too There are too many There’s too much a film last night.
predictable. special effects. dialogue in the Interrogativa Did / I / you / he / she / it / we / they watch
film. a film last night?
The film isn’t Are there enough There’s enough
exciting enough! tickets for everybody? action. Past continuous
too many / too much = más de lo necesario Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
enough = la cantidad necesaria I was reading. I wasn’t reading. Was I reading?
not enough = no la cantidad necesaria You were reading. You weren’t Were you reading?
reading.
Uso
Utilizamos too delante de los adjetivos. He / She was He / She wasn’t Was he / she
reading. reading. reading?
  The novel is too long. It was raining. It wasn’t raining. Was it raining?
Too many se emplea delante de los sustantivos We / You / They / We / You / They Were we / you /
contables. were reading. weren’t reading. they reading?
  There are too many short films in the competition. Uso
Se utiliza too much delante de los sustantivos El past continuous se utiliza para describir el desarrollo
incontables. de una acción en el pasado.
  There was too much violence in the film.  Jess was writing a review.
Utilizamos (not) enough detrás de los adjetivos.
  Lily’s story isn’t interesting enough. Past simple and past continuous
También se utiliza (not) enough delante de los Uso
sustantivos en plural y los sustantivos incontables. El past simple se utiliza para referirse a una acción que
  The play didn’t have enough romance. se completó en el pasado.
  The film received enough awards.  Andy met his friends at the Zombie Lab yesterday
afternoon.
Verbs with -ing and to El past continuous describe una acción que se estaba
Verbo + -ing Verbo + to Ambos desarrollando en el pasado.
dislike, don’t agree, appear, can’t stand, hate,  What were you doing at seven o’clock?
mind, enjoy, miss, decide, learn, plan, like, love, prefer,   They weren’t showing the film.
recommend, stop promise, seem, want start When y while
A menudo utilizamos un verbo seguido de otro, y el El past continuous y el past simple se combinan cuando
segundo puede adoptar distintas formas. una acción interrumpe otra. El past continuous describe
Hay verbos que van seguidos de la forma en -ing. la acción más larga, mientras que el past simple hace
 I enjoy singing. referencia al suceso que la interrumpe. While suele
Otros verbos van seguidos del infinitivo con to. acompañar al past continuous, y when va con el past
 She decided to go home. simple.
Algunos verbos pueden ir seguidos tanto de la forma   While we were watching the film at the cinema, my
en -ing como del infinitivo con to. mobile phone rang!
 I love to watch musicals.   I was watching a short film on the internet when
 They love travelling. the electricity went off.

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 2  Gramática

 Unit 2 Vocabulario

2.1 Adjectives: opinions 2.2 Learn it!

disappointing (adj)  character (n) /ˈkarəktə(r)/ personaje
/ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/ decepcionante
dramatic (adj) /drəˈmætɪk/ impresionante, espectacular 2.3 Extra vocabulary
dull (adj) /dʌl/ soso
ghost (n) /ɡəʊst/ fantasma
enjoyable (adj) /ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl/ agradable
gift (n) /ɡɪft/ regalo
entertaining (adj) 
joke (n) /dʒəʊk/ broma, chiste
/ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋ/ entretenido
live (adj) /laɪv/ en vivo, en directo
hilarious (adj) /hɪˈleəriəs/ divertidísimo, desternillante
performer (n) /pəˈfɔːmə(r)/ artista
informative (adj) /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/ informativo
tale (n) /teɪl/ cuento, relato
original (adj) /əˈrɪdʒənl/ original
predictable (adj) /prɪˈdɪktəbl/ predecible 2.3 Word builder
realistic (adj) 
/ˌriːəˈlɪstɪkˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ realista Adverbs of degree
spectacular (adj)  a bit (adv)  un poco
/spekˈtækjələ(r)/ espectacular fairly (adv)  bastante
terrifying (adj) /ˈterɪfaɪɪŋ/ terrorífico incredibly (adv)  increíblemente
pretty (adv)  bastante
2.1 Extra vocabulary quite (adv)  bastante, muy
audience (n) /ˈɔːdiəns/ público very (adv)  muy
box office (n)  /ˈbɒks ˌɒfɪs/ taquilla
income (n)  /ˈɪnkʌm, ˈɪnkəm/ ingresos 2.4 Functional language
publicity (n) /pʌbˈlɪsəti/ publicidad Expressing preferences
special effects (n)  I’d prefer … (to + infinitive)
/ˌspeʃl ɪˈfekts/ efectos especiales
talented (adj) /ˈtæləntɪd/ de/con talento I’d rather … (+ infinitive)

2.1 Express it! I’d love … (to + infinitive)

just in time  justo a tiempo
I’d rather not.
2.2 Books and films
award (n) /əˈwɔːd/ premio, galardón I’d prefer not to.
beginning (n) /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/ comienzo
bestseller (n) /ˌbestˈselə(r)/ superventas I’m not very keen on …
critic (n) /ˈkrɪtɪk/ crítico, crítica
ending (n) /ˈendɪŋ/ final, desenlace That sounds much better than …
film director (n) 
/ˈfɪlm dəˌrektə(r), dɪ-, daɪ-/ director, directora de cine I’ve heard it’s …
hit (n) /hɪt/ éxito
main character (n) /ˌmeɪn
ˈkærəktə(r)/ personaje principal
novelist (n) /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ novelista
plot (n) /plɒt/ argumento
review (n) /rɪˈvjuː/ crítica
setting (n) /ˈsetɪŋ/ escenario

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 2  Vocabulario

 Unit 3 Gramática

Present perfect Present perfect with for and since

Afirmativa Uso
I / You have started. I’ve / You’ve started. En frases con el verbo en present perfect, for y since
He / She / It has started. He’s / She’s / It’s started. describen la duración de una acción o un hecho que
We / They have started. We’ve / They’ve started. comenzó en el pasado y sigue en la actualidad.
Negativa Utilizamos for para indicar cuándo tiempo lleva
I / You have not started. I / You haven’t started. sucediendo algo (for five years). Le sigue un periodo
de tiempo (for three months, for five days); es decir, se
He / She / It has not started. He / She / It hasn’t started.
coloca delante de una expresión temporal.
We / They have not started. We / They haven’t started.
 I’ve had the same mobile phone for two years.
Interrogativa
(And I still have it.)
Have I / you started? What have I / you started?
Since se utiliza para concretar cuándo comenzó una
Has he / she / it started? Where has he / she / it
acción en el pasado (since last week). Se coloca delante
started?
de la expresión de tiempo.
Have we / they started? Why have we / they started?
  My mum has been a shop owner since 2011.
Al utilizar frases afirmativas en la lengua oral, se
incluyen formas contractas (’s / ’ve) detrás del sujeto. Utilizamos how long + present perfect para formular
En textos de registro formal, se utilizan las formas preguntas sobre cuánto tiempo lleva sucediendo algo.
completas (have / has). La respuesta suele ir encabezada por for o since.
En general, las formas contractas (haven’t / hasn’t) se  ‘How long has your mum been a shop owner?’
utilizan en frases negativas de la lengua tanto oral ‘Since 2011’ / ‘For four years.’
como escrita. Las formas completas (have not / has not)
se utilizan en textos de registro formal. Present perfect with still, yet and
No se debe confundir la forma contracta de has (’s) con already
la de is (también ’s).
Uso
Uso Still, yet y already se utilizan con el present perfect.
El present perfect se utiliza para describir experiencias Still y yet refuerzan la idea de que algo no ha
que hemos vivido (o no) en algún momento del cambiado. Still se coloca delante de has / have en
pasado. frases negativas. Yet, por su parte, aparece al final de
 I’ve borrowed £20. la frase.
 I haven’t taken up athletics this year.  Kylie still hasn’t bought a dress for the wedding.
Nunca se emplea el present perfect para describir algo  Tim hasn’t picked up any rock climbing skills yet.
que ocurrió en un momento concreto del pasado. Se
Colocamos yet al final de la interrogativa en present
debe utilizar si no sabemos cuándo se produjo ese
perfect para preguntar si alguien ha hecho algo.
hecho, o bien no nos importa.
  Have you taken up Italian yet?
En la forma interrogativa a veces se incluye el adverbio
ever con el significado de “en algún momento de Utilizamos already en la afirmativa del present perfect
nuestra vida hasta este preciso instante”. para subrayar el hecho de que alguien ha hecho algo.
  Have you ever tried out wakeboarding? Se coloca entre has / have y el participio pasado.
 Beth has already caught up with the other riders.

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 3  Gramática

 Unit 3 Vocabulario

3.1 Money and shopping 3.3 Extra vocabulary

afford (v) /əˈfɔːd/ permitirse
bargain (n) /ˈbɑːɡən/ ganga
be worth (v)  /ˌbi ˈwɜːθ/ valer
borrow (v) /ˈbɒrəʊ/ tomar prestado
brand (n) /brænd/ marca
cost (v) /kɒst/ costar
discount (n) /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ descuento
lend (v) /lend/ prestar 3.3
sale (n) /seɪl/ rebajas
save up (phr v)  /ˌseɪv ˈʌp/ ahorrar
shop online (v)  /ˌʃɒp ˌɒnˈlaɪn/ hacer compras online
waste (v) /weɪst/ desperdiciar
3.1 Extra vocabulary
customer (n) /ˈkʌstəmə(r)/ cliente, clienta
department store (n)  3.4
/dɪˈpɑːtmənt ˌstɔː(r)/ grandes almacenes
fraction (n) /ˈfrækʃn/ fracción, pequeña parte
gloves (n) /ɡlʌvz/ guantes
half-price (adj)  /ˌhɑːf ˈpraɪs/ a mitad de precio
shop owner (n)  /ˈʃɒp ˌəʊnə(r)/ dueño, dueña de un comercio
souvenir (n) /ˌsuːvəˈnɪə(r)/ souvenir, recuerdo
sports gear (n)  /ˈspɔːts ˌɡɪə(r)/ material deportivo
delicious (adj) /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ delicioso
mild (adj) /maɪld/ suave
nutritious (adj) /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ nutritivo
sour (adj) /ˈsaʊə(r)/ ácido, amargo
spicy (adj) /ˈspaɪsi/ picante, especiado
sweet (adj) /swiːt/ dulce
Word builder
Phrasal verbs with up
fill up (phr v) llenarse
queue up (phr v)  hacer cola
set up (phr v) colocar
turn up (phr v)  acudir
wash up (phr v)  fregar los platos
Functional language
Reaching an agreement
I suggest (I, you, we, etc.) … (+ infinitive)
Why don’t we … (+ infinitive)?
Let’s / Shall we … (+ infinitive) (?)

We could … (+ infinitive)
3.1 Express it!
I’ve got my eye on …  le he echado al ojo a... What about … / How about … (+ -ing)?
We’re after …  estamos buscando...
I’m happy to … (+ infinitive)
3.2 Phrasal verbs and nouns: free-time
activities That sounds like a good plan / great idea.
archery (n) /ˈɑːtʃəri/ tiro con arco
athletics (n) /æθˈletɪks/ atletismo That works for me / doesn’t work for me.
catch up (with) (phr v) 
/ˌkætʃ ˈʌp ˌwɪð/ alcanzar That’s not a bad idea, but … . How about … ? (+ -ing)
join in (phr v)  /ˌdʒɔɪn ˈɪn/ unirse a, incorporarse a
kayaking (n) /ˈkaɪækɪŋ/ kayak That could be a bit difficult. What about … ? (+ -ing)
miss out (phr v)  /ˌmɪs ˈaʊt/ perderse (algo)
pick up (phr v)  /ˈpɪk ˌʌp/ aprender, adquirir How does that sound?
rock climbing (n) /ˈrɒk Do we all agree?
ˌklaɪmɪŋ/ escalada
Is everyone happy to go with that idea?
take up (phr v)  /ˈteɪk ˌʌp/ probar, empezar a practicar
trail biking (n)  /ˈtreɪl ˌbaɪkɪŋ/ andar en bicicleta de montaña
try out (phr v)  /ˈtraɪ ˌaʊt/ probar
wakeboarding (n) 
/ˈweɪkbɔːdɪŋ/ skateboarding, skate acuático
Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 3  Vocabulario
 Unit 4 Gramática

Present perfect and past simple Present perfect with ever, never, just
Present perfect Uso
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Ever se utiliza en la interrogativa del present perfect
I’ve just been to I haven’t been to Have I met you para preguntar si alguien ha hecho algo en algún
Sydney. Sydney. before? momento de su vida. Se coloca detrás de have / has y
He / She / It has He / She / It hasn’t Has he / she / el sujeto, y delante del participio pasado.
already finished. finished yet. it finished yet?   Has Pete ever visited his aunt in Canada?
We / They have We / They haven’t Have we / they Utilizamos never con el present perfect para decir que
booked the flight. booked the flight. booked the flight? no hemos hecho algo en nuestra vida. Se utiliza con la
Expresiones de tiempo forma afirmativa del verbo, y se coloca entre have / has
Already, yet, still, for, since. y el participio pasado.
Past simple  They have never eaten Japanese food.
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Just describe algo acaba de suceder. Se utiliza en frases
I / You / He / She / I / You / He / She / Did I / you / he / afirmativas, entre have / has y el participio pasado.
It / We / They It / We / They she / it / we / they  I’ve just spoken to Rachelle on the phone.
saw it. didn’t see it. see it?
Expresiones de tiempo Subject and object questions
Yesterday, last night / week / year / month…, at six o’clock,
in the winter, two weeks ago, etc. Preguntas relativas al sujeto
Uso Who unplugged my laptop? I unplugged it, sorry!
El present perfect se utiliza para describir hechos que What made that noise? His phone made a noise.
comenzaron en el pasado y siguen en la actualidad. Which cable connects the TV? The red one connects the TV.
  The Smith family has lived in Canada since 2013. Para construir una pregunta relativa al sujeto, solo se
El present perfect también se emplea para hablar de utiliza el verbo principal. La partícula interrogativa
acontecimientos del pasado sin incluir referencias hace referencia al sujeto.
temporales concretas.  Who unplugged the TV? Carl unplugged it.
 They have tried all the games apps on their phones.
Preguntas relativas al objeto
El past simple sirve para referirse a una acción o un
Who did you email about the issue? We emailed Jack.
periodo de tiempo que se completó en el pasado.
What did you press? I pressed the on/off button.
  The Smith family moved to Canada two years ago.
When did you charge the battery? I charged it an
Las frases en past simple suelen incluir expresiones que
hour ago!
señalan momentos concretos del pasado: yesterday,
last night / week / year, at six o’clock. Para formular una pregunta sobre el objeto, utilizamos
un verbo auxiliar además del verbo principal. La
Las frases en present perfect contienen expresiones
partícula interrogativa se refiere al objeto.
que especifican el momento en el que comenzó una
 What did you buy? I bought a new mobile phone.
acción o describen un periodo de tiempo: since 2010,
for 10 years. Uso
Se utilizan preguntas sobre el objeto para descubrir
during and from … to dónde, cuándo, etc. alguien/algo hace/hizo algo.
 Who did Martin Cooper call?
during + sust. We did lots of sightseeing during our holiday.  Where have you been?
from … to She worked hard from six to eight o’clock. Las preguntas sobre el sujeto sirven para preguntar
Uso  Utilizamos “during + sustantivo” para describir el quién/qué hace/hizo algo. Se construyen con las
periodo durante el cual se desarrolla una acción. partículas who, what y which.
Se emplea “from … to” para indicar el principio y el  Who called you?  What happened?
final de una acción.  Which computer works better?

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 4  Gramática

 Unit 4 Vocabulario

4.1 Adjectives: feelings 4.3 Word builder

amusing (adj) /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ gracioso Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing
annoying (adj) /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/ molesto, irritante
excited (adj)  ilusionado, alterado
confusing (adj) /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ confuso
exciting (adj)  emocionante
embarrassing (adj) 
frightened (adj)  asustado
/ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ embarazoso
frightening (adj)  que da miedo
fascinating (adj) /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ fascinante
irritated (adj)  enfadado
frightening (adj) /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/ que da miedo
irritating (adj)  molesto, irritante
inspiring (adj) /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ inspirador
irritating (adj) /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪŋ/ molesto, irritante
motivating (adj) /ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪŋ/ motivador
4.4 Functional language
relaxing (adj) /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/ relajante Asking for help on the phone
upsetting (adj) /ʌpˈsetɪŋ/ triste I’ve just bought … and I’ve got a problem with it.
worrying (adj) /ˈwʌriɪŋ/ preocupante

4.1 Extra vocabulary Could you explain how to … (+ infinitive)?

burst out laughing (v) /ˌbɜːst
ˌaʊt ˈlɑːfɪŋ/ echarse a reír
gap (n) /ɡæp/ diferencia, hueco Can you tell me … ?
gesture (n) /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ gesto
misunderstanding (n) 
/ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ malentendido Could you help me with … , please?
nod your head (v)  /ˌnɒd jɔː(r)
ˈhed/ asentir con la cabeza
I need some help with …
shake your head (v)  /ˌʃeɪk jɔː(r)
ˈhed/ negar con la cabeza

4.2 Verbs: technology Good afternoon … speaking

browse (v) /braʊz/ mirar, echar un vistazo a/en
charge (v) /tʃɑːdʒ/ cargar
Could I speak to … , please?
plug in (v) / unplug (v) 
/ˌplʌɡ ˈɪn, ˌʌnˈplʌɡ/ enchufar / desenchufar
press (v) /pres/ pulsar
scroll (v) /skrəʊl/ desplazarse I’m calling because …
stream (v) /striːm/ transmitir
swipe (v) /swaɪp/ pasar
switch off (v) / switch on (v)  Can I take your name, please?
/ˌswɪtʃ ˈɒf, ˌswɪtʃ ˈɒn/ apagar / encender
tap (v) /tæp/ tocar, introducir
text (v) /tekst/ mandar un mensaje de texto Would you mind spelling that for me?
update (v) /ʌpˈdeɪt/ actualizar

4.3 Extra vocabulary Thank you very much for your help.
express (v) /ɪkˈspres/ expresar
hit (v) /hɪt/ golpear
invite (v) /ɪnˈvaɪt/ invitar
spread news (v)  /ˌspred ˈnjuːz/ difundir noticias
squeeze (v) /skwiːz/ estrujar, exprimir
warn (v) /wɔːn/ avisar, advertir

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 4  Vocabulario

 Unit 5 Gramática

Past perfect Modals of deduction

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa y Certeza She / He must be the thief.
respuestas breves must
I / You / He / She / I / You / He / She / Had I / you / he / Imposibilidad She / He can’t be the thief.
It / We / They had It / We / They she / it / we / they can’t
started. hadn’t begun. fallen? Posibilidad She / He might / may be the thief.
Yes, I had. could / may / might She / He could be the thief.
No, she hadn’t. Uso
El past perfect se construye con had + el participio Utilizamos must para expresar certeza cuando
pasado del verbo principal. pensamos que algo es, sin duda, cierto.
Uso Levi saw the crime, so he must know who did it.
Utilizamos el past perfect cuando estamos hablando El hablante considera lógicamente cierto que Levi
del pasado y queremos hacer referencia a un sabe quién es al autor del delito.
momento anterior. La acción más reciente se expresa Can’t se utiliza para expresar algo que creemos que es
en el past simple. imposible o, sin duda, falso.
 I thought I had locked the door, but I hadn’t. This can’t be Camilla’s house. She lives on the
  Had you seen my note when I phoned? next street.
El past perfect se utiliza para responder a preguntas Could, may y might se emplean para referirse a algo
sobre el pasado encabezadas por How long? que puede ser cierto.
  How long had you been a detective when you Your keys could be in the cupboard.
 retired?
Don't trust him – he may be a fraudster.
 I’d been a detective for twenty years.
My mum might be at the supermarket, but I’m
not sure.
Relative pronouns
A veces utilizamos perhaps para hablar de algo que
Pronombre relativo Uso posiblemente es cierto.
who hablar de las personas Perhaps you left your keys in the car.
which referirse a objetos e ideas
where hacer referencia a lugares
whose expresar pertenencia
Uso
Los pronombres relativos concretan la persona, el
objeto, la idea o el lugar de los que estamos hablando.
Introducen información sin la cual la frase quedaría
incompleta, y aportan datos adicionales. Whose indica
que algo pertenece a alguien o algo.
The man who the police arrested was a mugger.
The new law which they introduced wasn’t
very popular.
The company where she works is in London.
That’s the girl whose dad was an imposter.

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 5  Gramática

 Unit 5 Vocabulario

5.1 Criminals and crime fighters 5.3 Extra vocabulary

armed robber (n)  ladrón armado, business owner (n) /ˈbɪznəs
/ˌɑːmd ˈrɒbə(r)/ ladrona armada ˌəʊnə(r)/ dueño, dueña de un negocio
burglar (n) /ˈbɜːɡlə(r)/ ladrón, ladrona (de casas) ecologist (n) /iˈkɒlədʒɪst/ ecologista
detective (n) /dɪˈtektɪv/ detective household (n) /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ casa, familia
fraudster (n) /ˈfrɔːdstə(r)/ estafador, estafadora lawmaker (n) /ˈlɔːmeɪkə(r)/ legislador, legisladora
judge (n) /dʒʌdʒ/ juez, jueza local council (n)  /ˌləʊkl ˈkaʊnsl/ ayuntamiento
lawyer (n) /ˈlɔːjə(r)/ abogado, abogada resident (n) /ˈrezɪdənt/ residente
mugger (n) /ˈmʌɡə(r)/ atacante (ladrón, ladrona)
murderer (n) /ˈmɜːdərə(r)/ asesino, asesina 5.3 Express it!
police officer (n) /pəˈliːs make someone think twice  pensárselo dos veces
ˌɒfɪsə(r)/ agente de policía come clean about …  confesar
private investigator (n) 
/ˌpraɪvət ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtə(r)/ investigador/a privado/a
thief (n) /θiːf/ ladrón, ladrona
5.3 Word builder
traffic warden (n) /ˈtræfɪk Negative prefixes
ˌwɔːdn/ agente de tráfico illegal (adj) ilegal
illogical (adj) ilógico
5.1 Extra vocabulary impossible (adj) imposible
arrest (v) /əˈrest/ detener, arrestar irresponsible (adj) irresponsable
black market (n) /ˌblæk unfair (adj) injusto
ˈmɑːkɪt/ mercado negro
case (n) /keɪs/ caso 5.4 Functional language
evidence (n) /ˈevɪdəns/ pruebas
Describing photos
interview (v) /ˈɪntəvjuː/ entrevistar
suspicious (adj) /səˈspɪʃəs/ sospechoso at the bottom
trap (v) /træp/ atrapar at the top
behind
5.2 Crimes in the background
in the foreground
arson (n) /ˈɑːsn/ incendio provocado in the corner
blackmail (n) /ˈblækmeɪl/ chantaje in the middle
burglary (n) /ˈbɜːɡləri/ robo on the left
credit-card fraud (n)  /ˈkredɪt fraude con tarjetas de on the right
ˌkɑːd ˌfrɔːd/ crédito Perhaps
drug-dealing (n)  /ˈdrʌɡ ˌdiːlɪŋ/ tráfico de drogas He / She can’t be
forgery (n) /ˈfɔːdʒəri/ falsificación He / She could be
identity theft (n) /aɪˈdentəti He / She may be
ˌθeft/ usurpación de identidad He / She might be
kidnapping (n) /ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ/ secuestro He / She must be
mugging (n) /ˈmʌɡɪŋ/ robo con asalto
pickpocketing (n) /ˈpɪkpɒkɪtɪŋ/ robo (de carteristas)
shoplifting (n) /ˈʃɒplɪftɪŋ/ robo en comercios
smuggling (n) /ˈsmʌɡlɪŋ/ contrabando
speeding (n) /ˈspiːdɪŋ/ exceso de velocidad
vandalism (n) /ˈvændəlɪzəm/ vandalismo

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 5  Vocabulario

 Unit 6 Gramática

The present simple passive The past simple passive

Afirmativa Negativa Afirmativa Negativa
I’m woken up by the noisy I’m not woken up by the I was informed by the teacher. I wasn’t informed by the
machine. noisy machine. teacher.
You’re woken up by the noisy You aren’t woken up by the You were informed by the teacher. You weren’t informed
machine. noisy machine. by the teacher.
He / She / It is woken up by He / She / It isn’t woken up He / She was informed by He / She wasn’t
the noisy machine. by the noisy machine. the teacher. informed by the
teacher.
We / You / They are woken We / They aren’t woken up
up by the noisy machine. by the noisy machine. It was written by the teacher. It wasn’t written by the
teacher.
El present simple de la voz pasiva se construye con
We / They were informed by the We / They weren’t
sujeto + present simple de be + participio pasado. teacher. informed by the
Construimos la negativa con sujeto + present simple de teacher.
be + not + participio pasado. El past simple de la voz pasiva se construye con sujeto +
past simple de be + participio pasado.
Uso
Construimos la forma negativa con sujeto + past simple
La voz pasiva se utiliza para describir lo que le ocurre de be + not + participio pasado.
al sujeto. Las frases en pasiva destacan la acción, que Hockey was taken to Canada by European immigrants.
es más importante que la persona que la realiza. El Modern snowboards weren’t used until 1965.
agente de la acción a menudo se omite en la forma
Interrogativa Respuestas breves
pasiva, bien porque es evidente de quién se trata, o
bien porque ese dato no es importante. Afirmativa Negativa
Interrogativa Respuestas breves Was I informed by the Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
teacher?
Afirmativa Negativa
Were you informed by Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.
Am I helped by Yes, I am. No, I’m not. the teacher?
them?
Was he / she / it informed Yes, he / she / No, he / she /
Are you helped by Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. by the teacher? it was. it wasn’t.
them?
Were we / they informed Yes, we / they No, we / they
Is he / she / it Yes, he / she / it is. No, he / she / it by the teacher? were. were.
helped by them? isn’t. La forma interrogativa del pasado de la voz pasiva se
Are we / they Yes, we / they are. No, we / they construye con past simple de be + sujeto + participio
helped by them? aren’t. pasado.
La forma interrogativa del presente de la voz pasiva Where were hamburgers invented?
se construye con present simple de be + sujeto + Was all the rubbish buried?
participio pasado. No, it wasn’t. Most of it was recycled.
Am I invited to the meeting? Yes, you are.
Is glass recycled here? No, it isn’t. used to + infinitive
Afirmativa My dad used to play football when he was
younger.
Negativa We didn’t use to recycle our rubbish, but we
do now.
Interrogativa Did you use to watch a lot of cartoons when
you were a child?
Uso
Utilizamos “used to + infinitivo” para referirnos a estados
o hábitos del pasado que ya no se dan. En la forma
negativa no se utiliza used to, sino use to.
Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 6  Gramática
 Unit 6 Vocabulario
6.1 Verbs: environment
bury (v) /ˈberi/ enterrar
destroy (v) /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ destruir
dump (v) /dʌmp/ arrojar
poison (v) /ˈpɔɪzn/ envenenar
pollute (v) /pəˈluːt/ contaminar
preserve (v) /prɪˈzɜːv/ preservar
protect (v) /prəˈtekt/ proteger
recycle (v) /riːˈsaɪkl/ reciclar
reduce (v) /rɪˈdjuːs/ reducir
reuse (v) /ˌriːˈjuːz/ reutilizar
save (v) /seɪv/ ahorrar
throw away (v)  /ˌθrəʊ əˈweɪ/ tirar, desechar
6.1 Extra vocabulary
accessory (n) /əkˈsesəri/ accesorio
belt (n) /belt/ cinturón
earring (n) /ˈɪərɪŋ/ pendiente
handbag (n) /ˈhændbæɡ/ bolso
necklace (n) /ˈnekləs/ collar
ring (n) /rɪŋ/ anillo
6.2 Adjectives: technology
automatic (adj) – manual (adj)
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk, ˈmænjuəl/ automático – manual
convenient (adj) – inconvenient (adj)
/kənˈviːniənt, ˌɪnkənˈviːniənt/ conveniente – inadecuado
efficient (adj) – inefficient (adj)
/ɪˈfɪʃnt, ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃnt/ eficiente – poco eficiente
fixed (adj) – portable (adj)
/fɪkst, ˈpɔːtəbl/ fijo – portátil
heavy (adj) – light (adj)
/ˈhevi, laɪt/ pesado – ligero
high-quality (adj) – low-quality (adj) 
/ˈhaɪ ˌkwɒləti, ˈləʊ ˌkwɒləti/ de buena calidad –
de poca/baja calidad
practical (adj) – impractical (adj)
/ˈpræktɪkl, ɪmˈpræktɪkl/ práctico – poco práctico
reliable (adj) – unreliable (adj)
/rɪˈlaɪəbl, ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl/ fiable – poco fiable
time-saving (adj) – time-consuming (adj)  I don’t like the smell / look / sound / taste of that!
/ˈtaɪm ˌseɪvɪŋ, ˈtaɪm que ahorra tiempo –
kənˌsjuːmɪŋ/ que requiere tiempo
useful (adj) – useless (adj)
/ˈjuːsfl, ˈjuːsləs/ útil – inútil
Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 6  Vocabulario
6.3 Extra vocabulary
goal (n) /ɡəʊl/ gol
ice rink (n)  /ˈaɪs ˌrɪŋk/ pista de hielo
pass (v) /pɑːs/ pasar
slide (v) /slaɪd/ deslizarse
spectator (n) /spekˈteɪtə(r)/ espectador, espectadora
trophy (n) /ˈtrəʊfi/ trofeo
6.3 Express it!
Give it a go! hacer un intento / inténtalo
6.3 Word builder
Compound nouns
ice hockey (n) hockey sobre hielo
ice rink (n) pista de hielo
ice skates (n) patines para el hielo
spectator sports (n) deportes de/para espectadores
sports coach (n) preparador/a deportivo/a
sports trophies (n)  trofeos deportivos
summer sports (n)  deportes de verano
6.3 Learn it!
football pitch  /ˈfʊtbɔːl ˈpɪtʃ/ campo de fútbol
hockey stick  /ˈhɒki ˌstɪk/ palo, stick de hockey
6.4 Functional language
Talking about food
How is it cooked?
It’s cooked on the grill / in the oven / in a pan.
What’s that made with? 
What does it come with? / What is it served with?
It comes with … / It’s served with …
What has it got on / in it?
It’s got … on / in it
That smells / looks / sounds / tastes …
I’m fond of … / not very fond of …
I’m keen on / not very keen on …
… are favourites / is a favourite of mine.
I can’t resist …
 Unit 7 Gramática

will, be going to and the future Present tenses with a future meaning
continuous Uso
will El present simple con valor de futuro se utiliza para
hablar de horarios.
Afirmativa Negativa
The train leaves in ten minutes.
I / You / He / She / It / We / I / You / He / She / It / We /
Utilizamos el present continuous para hablar de cosas
They will walk. They won’t walk.
que hemos planeado para el futuro inmediato.
Interrogativa I’m playing football this afternoon.
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / they walk?
Uso some-, any-, no-, every-
Utilizamos will y won’t para predecir o dar nuestra
opinión sobre el futuro. Afirmativa Negativa e
We’ll have a good time at the weekend. interrogativa
be going to a thing There is something in
something the fridge. anything
Afirmativa Negativa I haven’t eaten
all things We’ve got everything
I’m going to dance. I’m not going to dance. anything.
everything we need for the trip.
Is there anything
He’s / She’s / It’s going to He / She / It isn’t going to no things Nothing was said in the
dance. dance. in the cupboard?
nothing meeting.
We’re / You’re / They’re going We / You / They aren’t going (in) a place We want to go
to dance. to dance. anywhere
somewhere somewhere hot.
Interrogativa David hasn’t been
(in) all places I looked everywhere for
anywhere today.
Am I going to swim? everywhere my book.
Do you want to
Is he / she / it going to swim? (in) no places There’s nowhere to stay. go anywhere?
Are we / you / they going to swim? nowhere
Uso a person Ask someone to help
someone, you.
Be going to sirve para describir intenciones y planes de anyone, anybody
somebody
futuro. Kate didn’t tell
all the people Everyone wants to meet
We’re going to go rock climbing at the weekend. everyone, the winner.
anyone.
Future continuous Did anybody
everybody
phone?
Afirmativa Negativa no person Nobody has mowed the
I / You / He / She / It / We / I / You / He / She / It / We / no one, nobody lawn.
They will be working. They won’t be working. Uso
Interrogativa Los pronombres indefinidos se utilizan para referirse a
Will I / you / he / she / it / we / they be working? objetos, personas, etc. sin decir exactamente de qué o
Uso de quién se trata.
Utilizamos el future continuous para referirnos a Los pronombres indefinidos suelen ir seguidos de
acciones que se estarán desarrollando en un momento un verbo en singular; sin embargo, cuando se hace
concreto del futuro. Estas frases a menudo incluyen referencia a esos pronombres, el verbo va en plural.
expresiones encabezadas por in y at. Everybody here plays sport. They are all talented.
We’ll be playing professionally in a few years’ time. Nothing y no one / nobody funcionan como sujeto de
frases negativas. El verbo que les sigue va en afirmativa.
Nobody liked the bedroom in the House of the Future.
Somewhere, anywhere, everywhere y nowhere son
adverbios, y no pronombres indefinidos; por eso no se
pueden utilizar como sujeto u objeto de una frase.

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 7  Gramática

 Unit 7 Vocabulario

7.1 Health and fitness 7.2 Learn it!

accuracy (n) /ˈækjərəsi/ precisión carpet /ˈkɑːpɪt/ moqueta
balance (n) /ˈbæləns/ equilibrio folder /fəʊldə(r)/ carpeta
beat (v) /biːt/ ganar, vencer
compete (v) /kəmˈpiːt/ competir 7.3 Extra vocabulary
coordination (n) 
cutting-edge (adj)  /ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/ (tecnología) punta
/kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/ coordinación
post (v) /pəʊst/ publicar
draw (v) /drɔː/ empatar
profile picture (n) /ˈprəʊfaɪl
flexibility (n) /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ flexibilidad
ˌpɪktʃə(r)/ fotografía de perfil
improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/ mejorar
share (v) /ʃeə(r)/ compartir
speed (n) /spiːd/ velocidad
status update (n) /ˈsteɪtəs
stamina (n) /ˈstæmɪnə/ fortaleza, resistencia
ˌʌpdeɪt/ actualización de estado
strength (n) /streŋθ/ fortaleza
upload (v) /ʌpˈləʊd/ cargar
take the lead (v)  /ˌteɪk ðə ˈliːd/ ir primero, ser el líder

7.1 Extra vocabulary 7.3 Word builder

challenge (n) /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ retar -ing forms as a subject
penalty (n) /ˈpenəlti/ penalti find out (v) – finding out (n)  encontrar, descubrir –
referee (n) /ˌrefəˈriː/ árbitro encontrar, descubrir
score (v) /skɔː(r)/ marcar get up (v) – getting up (n)  levantarse – levantarse
tournament (n) /ˈtʊənəmənt/ torneo, competición set up (v) – setting up (n)  poner en marcha –
poner en marcha
7.2 Jobs around the home work (v) – working (n)  trabajar – trabajar
change the sheets (v) /ˌtʃeɪndʒ
ðə ˈʃiːts/ cambiar las sábanas 7.4 Functional language
close the blinds (v)  /ˌkləʊz ðə Making travel arrangements
ˈblaɪndz/ cerrar las persianas
How do I get to … from … ?
do the washing (v)  /ˌduː ðə
ˈwɒʃɪŋ/ hacer la colada
empty the bin (v)  /ˌempti ðə How many stops is that?
ˈbɪn/ vaciar el cubo de la basura
mop the floor (v)  /ˌmɒp ðə How much is the fare?
ˈflɔː(r)/ limpiar el suelo
mow the lawn (v)  /ˌməʊ ðə Which platform does the train to … go from?
ˈlɔːn/ cortar el césped
set the table (v)  /ˌset ðə
ˈteɪbl/ poner la mesa How often do the trains go to … ?
vacuum the carpet (v) 
/ˌvækjuəm ðə ˈkɑːpɪt/ pasar el aspirador Can I get a ticket on the train?
wash the dishes (v)  /ˌwɒʃ ðə
ˈdɪʃɪz/ fregar los platos Would you like a window or an aisle seat?
wipe the worktop (v) /ˌwaɪp
ðə ˈwɜːktɒp/ limpiar la encimera
Has anyone interfered with your bags since you
packed them?

Do you have any hand luggage?

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 7  Vocabulario

 Unit 8 Gramática

The first conditional The second conditional

Afirmativa Negativa Afirmativa Negativa
If I / you go to the party, If I / you don’t go to the party, If I / you got up earlier, I / you If I / you didn’t go to bed late,
I’ll / you’ll see Joshua. I / you won’t see Joshua. would be on time. I / you wouldn’t be so tired.
If he / she / it helps, If he / she / it doesn’t help, If he / she / it acted well, If he / she / it didn’t act
things will be easier. things won’t be easier. he / she / it would get a badly, he / she / it wouldn’t
If we / you / they study hard, If we / you / they don’t study good review. get a bad review.
we’ll / you’ll / they’ll go to hard, we / you / they won’t If we / they did more sport, If we / they didn’t do sport,
university. go to university. we / they would be fitter. we / they wouldn’t be very
Interrogativa fit.
If you go to the party, will you see Joshua? Interrogativa
If he /she / it helps, will things be easier? If you got up earlier, would you walk to school?
If we / they study hard, will they go to university? If he / she / it acted well, would he / she / it get a good
review?
El condicional de primer grado se construye con if +
If we / they studied more, would we / you / they do better at
sujeto + present simple, + will / won’t + infinitivo. En
school?
general, se utilizan las formas contractas.
El condicional de segundo grado se construye con if +
La proposición encabezada por if también puede ir en sujeto + past simple, + would / wouldn’t + infinitivo. En
la segunda parte de la oración. general, se utilizan las formas contractas.
Uso La proposición encabezada por if también puede ir en
Utilizamos el condicional de primer grado para la segunda parte de la oración, sin que el significado
describir el resultado de una posible situación en el cambie.
futuro. If Mark had a mobile phone, I’d call him.
If you ask Liam, he’ll help you. Carine would make up with Nigel if he apologized.
If we don’t rescue these cubs, they won’t survive. La forma interrogativa se construye colocando una
You’ll upset your friends if you are too competitive. partícula interrogativa al comienzo de la proposición
A veces se utiliza unless en lugar de if … not. encabezada por would.
He won’t tell you about his problems unless you What would you upload if you had a website?
insist. If you had a website, what would you upload?
= He won’t tell you about his problems if you don’t
Uso
insist.
Utilizamos el condicional de segundo grado para
Unless you speak slowly, I won’t understand you.
describir situaciones imaginarias en el presente o en el
= If you don’t speak slowly, I won’t understand you.
futuro, así como sus resultados
If Maria was here, she would tell us what she thinks.
will for promises
En las condicionales de segundo grado, a veces se
Uso utiliza were en lugar de was.
Will se utiliza para formular promesas. If I were richer, I would buy a football club.
(I promise) I’ll arrive on time tomorrow.
(We promise) We’ll be home by 10.00 p.m tonight.
Cuando nos disculpamos, a menudo utilizamos will
para prometer que algo no volverá a suceder, o que la
situación va a mejorar muy pronto.
I promise it won’t happen again.
We’ll do better next time.

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 8  Gramática

 Unit 8 Vocabulario

8.1 Adjectives: personalities 8.3 Extra vocabulary

charming (adj) /ˈtʃɑːmɪŋ/ encantador battle (n) /ˈbætl/ batalla
competitive (adj) /kəmˈpetətɪv/ competitivo independence (n) 
generous (adj) /ˈdʒenərəs/ generoso /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ independencia
jealous (adj) /ˈdʒeləs/ celoso intimidate (v) /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/ intimidar
lazy (adj) /ˈleɪzi/ vago, gandul peace (n) /piːs/ paz
loyal (adj) /ˈlɔɪəl/ leal rule (v) /ruːl/ gobernar
proud (adj) /praʊd/ orgulloso violence (n) /ˈvaɪələns/ violencia
selfish (adj) /ˈselfɪʃ/ egoísta
sensible (adj) /ˈsensəbl/ sensato 8.3 Word builder
sensitive (adj) /ˈsensətɪv/ sensible Noun suffixes 2
strong (adj) /strɒŋ/ fuerte difference (n) diferencia
stubborn (adj) /ˈstʌbən/ obstinado diversity (n) diversidad
talkative (adj) /ˈtɔːkətɪv/ hablador, parlanchín happiness (n)  felicidad
thoughtful (adj) /ˈθɔːtfl/ considerado independence (n)  independencia
unpredictable (adj)  sadness (n)  tristeza
/ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl/ impredecible tolerance (n)  tolerancia
vain (adj) /veɪn/ presumido violence (n)  violencia
8.1 Extra vocabulary 8.3 Learn it!
abandoned (adj) /əˈbændənd/ abandonado assist /əˈsɪst/ ayudar
cub (n) /kʌb/ cachorro attend /əˈtend/ acudir a
endangered (adj) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ en peligro (de extinción)
furry (adj) /ˈfɜːri/ peludo 8.3 Functional language
handler (n) /ˈhændlə(r)/ cuidador, cuidadora
de animales Apologizing
rescue (v)  /ˈreskjuː/ rescatar I apologize for …
I’m so sorry.
8.1 Express it! I am really sorry about …
They won’t hang around  No se quedarán cerca.
Sorry, it was all my fault.
8.2 Phrasal verbs: relationships
I’ll do better next time.
fall out (v)  /ˌfɔːl ˈaʊt/ enfadarse
get on with (v)  /ˌɡet ˈɒn ˌwɪð/ llevarse bien con
It won’t happen again.
look up to (v)  /ˌlʊk ˈʌp ˌtuː, tə/ admirar a
make up (v)  /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ reconciliarse
Next time I’ll remember to … (+ infinitive)
pick on (v)  /ˈpɪk ˌɒn/ meterse con, acosar
put up with (v)  /ˌpʊt ˈʌp ˌwɪð/ soportar a
That’s all right.
tell off (v)  /ˌtel ˈɒf/ regañar
Never mind.
turn to (v)   /ˈtɜːn ˌtuː, tə/ recurrir a
Don’t worry about it.

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 8  Vocabulario

 Unit 9 Gramática

Reported statements
Estilo directo Estilo indirecto
Alice: ‘I like listening to jazz.’ Alice told me that she liked listening to jazz.
Susan: ‘My parents often participate in charity Susan said that her parents often participated in
campaigns.’ charity campaigns.
Uso
Utilizamos el estilo indirecto para contarle a alguien lo que ha dicho otra persona.
Diversos verbos introducen el estilo indirecto; los más utilizados son say y tell.
Un complemento sigue siempre a tell, pero nunca a say.
Detrás de say y tell se puede utilizar that, aunque no es obligatorio.
Tom said (that) there was a demonstration for peace that afternoon.
Anne told me (that) they needed more volunteers for their fundraising event.
Al pasar del estilo directo al estilo indirecto, los tiempos verbales cambian,
p. ej. el present simple se convierte en past simple.
Students: ‘We organize a charity sports day at school every year.’
The students said that they organized a charity sports day at school every year.
Otros elementos también cambian en el estilo indirecto:
Ali and Tom: ‘We plan to work as volunteers at the hospital next month.’
Ali and Tom told me that they planned to work as volunteers at the hospital the following month.
He aquí algunos de los elementos que cambian:
pronombres sujeto y objeto:
I ➞ he / she  we ➞ they  me ➞ her / him  us ➞ them
adjetivos posesivos:
my ➞ his / her  our ➞ their
expresiones de tiempo:
next (week, year, etc.) ➞ the following (week, year, etc.)
today ➞ that day
expresiones de lugar:
here ➞ there / this ➞ that / these ➞ those

Reported commands, offers and suggestions

Pasamos las órdenes al estilo indirecto con “told + complemento + (not) to + infinitivo”.
Dad: ‘Wear a waterproof coat.’
Dad told me to wear a waterproof coat.
Mum: ‘Don’t come home too late.’
Mum told me not to come home too late.

Ponemos los ofrecimientos en el estilo indirecto con “offered + to + infinitivo”.

Finley: Would you like me to sponsor you?
Finley offered to sponsor me.

Para pasar las sugerencias al estilo indirecto, utilizamos “suggested + that + infinitivo”.
Jared: ‘Why don’t we organize a cake sale?’
Jared suggested that they organize a cake sale.
Detrás de suggested, no se puede añadir el infinitivo.
Jared suggested to organize a cake sale.
Pero sí es posible añadir la forma en -ing después de suggested.
He suggested organizing a cake sale.

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 9  Gramática

 Unit 9 Vocabulario

9.1 Charity actions 9.3 Extra vocabulary

campaign (n) /kæmˈpeɪn/ campaña flee (v) /fliː/ marcharse, escapar de
contribute (v) /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ aportar, contribuir con immigrant (n) /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/ inmigrante
donate (v) /dəʊˈneɪt/ donar import (n) /ˈɪmpɔːt/ importar
donation (n) /dəʊˈneɪʃn/ donación originate (v) /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ ser originario de
fundraising (n) /ˈfʌndreɪzɪŋ/ recaudación de fondos persecution (n) /ˌpɜːsɪˈkjuːʃn/ persecución, opresión
persuade (v) /pəˈsweɪd/ convencer refugee (n) /ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/ refugiado, refugiada
petition (n) /pəˈtɪʃn/ petición
protest (n) /ˈprəʊtest/ protesta 9.3 Word builder
publicize (v) /ˈpʌblɪsaɪz/ promocionar Prefixes over- and under-
raise money (v)  /ˌreɪz ˈmʌni/ recaudar fondos overcharge (adj) cobrar demasiado
sponsor (v) /ˈspɒnsə(r)/ patrocinar overcook (adj) hacer (cocinar) demasiado
volunteer (v) /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ voluntario, voluntaria overdevelop (adj) edificar en exceso
overpay (adj) pagar en exceso
9.1 Extra vocabulary
de precio excesivo
overpriced (adj) 
accompany (v) /əˈkʌmpəni/ acompañar cobrar poco
undercharge (adj)
boundary (n) /ˈbaʊndri/ frontera hacer (cocinar) poco
undercook (adj)
busker (n) /ˈbʌskə(r)/ músico/a callejero/a exponer demasiado poco
underdevelop (adj)
edit (v) /ˈedɪt/ corregir, editar pagar demasiado poco
underpay (adj) 
tuition (n) /tjuˈɪʃn/ clases de precio excesivamente
underpriced (adj)
viral (adj) /ˈvaɪrəl/ viral bajo

9.2 Adjectives: fashion 9.4 Functional language

casual (adj) /ˈkæʒuəl/ informal Explaining advantages, disadvantages and
delicate (adj) /ˈdelɪkət/ delicado reasons
fashionable (adj) /ˈfæʃnəbl/ elegante, moderno … is a great way to … (raise money / get publicity / etc.)
full-length (adj)  /ˌfʊl ˈleŋθ/ largo
hard-wearing (adj) /ˌhɑːd One advantage / disadvantage of that idea is …
ˈweərɪŋ/ duradero, resistente
loose (adj) /luːs/ holgado, amplio The main benefit of this suggestion is …
old-fashioned (adj) /ˌəʊld
The main problem with that idea is …
ˈfæʃnd/ pasado de moda
patterned (adj) /ˈpætənd/ estampado Can you explain why?
soft (adj) /sɒft/ suave
stylish (adj) /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ estiloso The reason I think that is because …
tight-fitting (adj)  /ˌtaɪt ˈfɪtɪŋ/ ajustado
waterproof (adj) /ˈwɔːtəpruːf/ impermeable, What are your reasons for suggesting that?
resistente al agua
Why do you think that?
9.2 Learn it!
last /lɑːst/ último
latest /ˈleɪtɪst/ más reciente

Mosaic 3 Language Trainer  Unit 9  Vocabulario