496 499 491 488 484

491 481 491 495 494

494 487 492 487 511
506 496 496 494 496
489 496 499 495 488
489 496 499 495 488
494 486 499 503 496
494 480 496 490 496
495 496 492 492 503
497 496 488 511 492
 Lower Upper
6 16

Product C D E F G H

Month Prod 1 Prod 2 Prod 3 Prod 4 Prod 5 Prod 6

1 28 86 79 31 84 58
2 38 7 61 1 20 2
3 91 48 73 8 80 14
4 33 32 24 77 29 80
5 82 70 41 29 57 90
6 75 40 15 92 55 91
7 52 21 26 45 59 21
8 19 6 35 67 40 81
9 11 18 68 11 52 78
10 90 30 52 32 30 1
11 47 86 46 0 38 55
12 69 71 75 65 53 52

TOTAL 607 429 516 427 513 565

 Usage of INDIRECT function

I currently compute total sales of each product during months 2-12. An easy way to make this calculation is to copy
from C18 to D18:H18 the formula SUM(C6:C16). Suppose, however, that you want to be able to change which
months are totaled. For example, you might want to total sales for months 3-12. You could change the formula in
cell C18 to SUM(C7:C16) and then copy this formula to D18:H18, but using this approach is a pain because you have
to copy the formula in C18 to D18:H18 and, without looking at the formulas, nobody knows which rows are being
added.

The INDIRECT function provides another approach. I've placed in cells D2 and E2 the starting and ending rows of
our summation. Then, using the INDIRECT function, all I need to do is change the starting and ending row
references in D2 and E2 and the sums are updated to include the rows we want. Also, by looking at the values in D2
and E2, it is obvious which rows (months) are being added! All I need to do is copy from C18 to D18:H18 the
formula SUM(INDIRECT(C$3&$D$2&'':''&C$3&$E$2)). Every cell reference within the INDIRECT portion of this
formula is evaluated to equal the contents of the cell. C$3 is evaluated as C, $D$2 is evaluated as 6, and $E$2 is
evaluated as 16. Using the concatenation symbol (&), Excel evaluates this formula as SUM(C6:C16), which is exactly
want we want. The formula in C18 returns the value 38 + 91 + … 69 = 607. In cell D18, our formula evaluates as
SUM(D6:D16), which is the result we want. Of course, if we want to add up sales during, say, months 4 through 6,
we simply enter 8 in D2 and 10 in cell E2. Then the formula in C18 returns 33 + 82 + 75 = 190.
 Bin Frequency
480 1 Histogram
484 2
488 7 25
492 10
496 20 20
500 5
504 2
15
508 1

Frequency
512 2 Frequency
More 0 10

0
480 484 488 492 496 500 504 508 512 More
Bin
Frequency
 less than
496 480 480 min 480 484 2 480
491 481 511 max 484 488 4 484
494 484 31 rage 488 492 10 488
506 486 493.98 avg 492 496 13 492
489 487 496 500 16 496
489 487 500 504 2 500
494 488 504 508 1 504
494 488 508 512 2 508
495 488 50 512
497 488
499 489 520 520
481 489
487 490 510 510
496 491
496 491 500 500
496 491
486 492 490 490
480 492
496 492 480 480
496 492
491 494 470 470
491 494
492 494 460 460
496 494
499 494
499 495
499 495
496 495
492 495
488 496
488 496
495 496
487 496
494 496
495 496
495 496
503 496
490 496
492 496
511 496
484 497
494 499
511 499
496 499
488 499
488 503
496 503
496 506
503 511
492 511
520

510

500

490
Column B
480

470

460
error number cumper
wrong wt 128 41% 41%
wrong shap 91 70% 29% 140
too hard 36 81% 11% numbe
not cooked 23 89% 7% 120 r
holes 15 93% 5%
splits 9 96% 3%
100
others 12 100% 4%
314 100%
80

60

40

20

0
t pe rd ed es
ngw ha ha ok ho
l
o s o o
wr g to tc
on no
wr
 120%

numbe
r
100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
rd ed s s rs
ha ok le lit he
o o ho sp ot
to tc
no
 Rg 8.314

john doe johndoe doejohndoe 16.628

paul smith paulsmith smithpaulsmith
david washington

###
1/1/1900
9/1/2018 ### `

### 18 OK