Vl9251 Testing of Vlsi Circuits

Bansilal Ramnath Agarwal Charitable Trust’s
VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – PUNE

(An autonomous Institute affiliated to University of Pune)
666, Upper Indiranagar, Bibwewadi, Pune – 411 037.
Department of Electronics Engineering
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune – 411037
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to University of Pune)
Structure and Syllabus of
M. E. (Electronics and Telecommunication)
Pattern ‘A13’
Effective from Academic Year 2013-14

Prepared by: - Board of Studies in Electronics Engineering
Approved by: - Academic Board,
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune
Signed by,
Chairman – BOS Chairman – Academic Board
1

Content
Sr. No. Title Page No
Semester I
1 Course Structure
2 Course Syllabi For Courses - Semester I
Theory Course
2.1 EC50101 Advanced Engineering Mathematics 06
2.2 EC50102 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 08
2.3 EC50103 Digital Integrated Circuit Design 10
2.4 Department Elective – I 12
2.5 EC52101 RF Circuit Design 13
2.6 EC52102 Digital Image Processing and Machine Vision 15
EC52103 Artificial Intelligence 17
EC521XX Department Elective - II 19
EC52104 Biomedical Electronics 20
EC52105 Vehicular Adhoc Networks 22
EC52106 Embedded Systems 24
EC52107 Speech Processing 26

Practicals
PG Lab – I (Advanced Digital Signal Processing & 28
EC50301
Digital Integrated Circuit Design)
HS56301 Communication & Soft Skill
EC50401 CVV – I (Based on Electives)
EC 57701 Semester Project – I
Semester II
Course Structure
Course Syllabi For Courses - Semester I
Theory Course
EC50104 Signal Coding & Compression Techniques 32
EC50105 Pattern Recognition 34
EC50106 Wireless Adhoc Networks 36
Department Elective – III 38
EC52108 Data Communication Network 39
EC52109 VLSI Signal Processing 41
EC52110 Wavelet Theory and Applications 43
EC52111 Antenna Theory 45
Department Elective – IV 47
2

EC52112 Nanotechnology 48
EC52113 Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic 50
Practicals
EC50302 PG Lab – II (Signal Coding & Compression Techniques & 52
Wireless Adhoc Networks)
EC57703 Technical Seminar – I 54
EC50402 CVV – II (Based on Electives)
EC57702 Semester Project –II
Semester III
Course Structure
Course Syllabi For Courses - Semester I
Theory Course
HS66101 Institute Open Elective 57
EC62101 Department Open Elective - Design and Analysis of 58
Experiments
Practicals
EC67702 Dissertation Stage I 60
EC67701 Technical Seminar II 60
Semester IV
Practicals
EC67703 Dissertation Stage II 63
3
Semester – I
4
Teaching
Code Subject Type Assessment Scheme Credits
Scheme
L P ISA ESA
CT * MSE HA * CA ESE
EC50101 Advanced Engineering Mathematics Theory 3 - 10 30 10 - 50 3
EC50102 Advanced Digital Signal Processing Theory 3 - 10 30 10 - 50 3
EC50103 Digital Integrated Circuit Design Theory 3 - 10 30 10 - 50 3
EC521XX Department Elective – I Theory 3 - 10 30 10 - 50 3
EC521XX Department Elective - II Theory 3 - 10 30 10 - 50 3
PG Lab – I
(Advanced Digital Signal Processing
EC50301 Lab - 4 - - - 100 - 4
&
HS56301 Communication & Soft Skill Seminar - 2 - - - - 100 2
CVV – I
EC50401 Lab - - - - - - 100 2
(Based on Electives)
EC 57701 Semester Project – I Project 6 - - - - 100 2
15 12 25
* CT (Unit 1) 1 hour 30 marks converted to 10 marks + HA (minimum 3) – Total 30 marks converted to 10 marks = 20 marks
MSE – 2 hours 60 marks converted to 30 marks (Unit 2 & 3)
ESE – 3 hours 100 marks converted to 50 marks (Unit 1 to 6)
# L- Lecture, P-Practical, ISA – In Semester Assessment, ESA – End Semester Assessment, CT- Class Test,
MSE – Mid Semester Examination, HA- Home Assignment, CA – Continuous Assessment,ESE – End Semester Examination
5

FF No. : 658
EC 50101: ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Course Objective:
The course aims at getting the students acquainted with mathematical tools essential for
i. Modelling of systems
ii. Optimized solutions for signal processing problems
The course forms the prerequisite for other subjects included in the structure.
Course Outcome:
At the end of the course students will be equipped with knowledge of mathematical methods
tools required for system modelling, estimation, optimization and analysis.
Unit 1: Vector Spaces and Function Spaces (8 Hr)

Vector Spaces, Subspaces, Linear independence, Basis and Dimension. Inner product spaces,
projection, least square, orthogonal basis, Grahm Schmidt orthogonalization process, function
spaces.
Unit 2: Matrices and its Applications (6 Hr)

Matrix inversion by partitioning; Orthogonal, Hermitian, Unitary matrices. Eigen values and
Eigenvectors, Eigenbases, Diagonalization. Quadratic Forms, positive definite matrix and its
applications, spectral theorem.
Unit 3: System of Dequations, Phase Plane, Stability (6 Hr)

Basic concepts and theory, Homogeneous System of linear differential equations with constant
coefficients, some applications, Phase Plane, Critical Points and Stability,
Unit 4: Probability and Random Variables (8 Hr)

Probability, Different probability spaces; Distribution functions and their decomposition;
Expectation and its properties, conditional statistics, conditional distributions and joint distribution
and density functions.
Unit 5: Stochastic Process (6 Hr)

General concept, definition, properties and classifications, systems with stochastic inputs, power
spectrum, digital processes
Unit 6: Wavelet Transforms (6 Hr)

Distributions, delta function, Windowed Fourier Transform, Introduction to wavelets, properties of
wavelets, Wavelet transform, Multiresolution analysis, Orthonormal wavelet basis.
Total Contact Hours: 40
6
Text/Reference Books
1. Linear Algebra and its applications, Gilbert Strang, Fourth Edition.
2. Linear Algebra – David c. Lay (Pearson Education.)
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, John Wiley & Sons, INC, 7th Edition.
4. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes. Athanasios Papoulis.
5. Introduction to probability Models,(Third edition) - Sheldon M. Ross.
6. The transforms and its applications Handbook: Editor in chief: Alexander D. Poularikas.
7. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Peter V. O’Neil, 5th Edition, Thomson and Cole.
8. Wavelets and Filter banks: by Gilbert Strang.
7

FF No. : 658
EC 50102: ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Course Objectives:
i. To provide inputs regarding multirate DSP
ii. To give inputs regarding adaptive filters and its applications
iii. To provide concepts of linear prediction
iv. To provide estimation of power spectra
v. To learn basic architecture of a typical DSP processor
Course Outcomes: Upon learning the course the student will be able to
i. Learn the concepts of decimation and interpolation
ii. Apply the concept of adaptive filtering.
iii. Implement the principles of linear prediction
iv. Perform DSP based applications on DSP processors
Unit 1: Random Signals (7Hrs)

Review of deterministic signals, random signals ; Correlation Function; Power spectra; DT domain
random signals ; Time averages for DT random process
Unit 2: Multirate DSP (7Hrs)

Decimation, Interpolation; Design of practical sampling rate conversion ; Software implementation
of sampling rate converters; Sample rate conversion using poly-phase filter structure ; Efficient D/A
conversion in Hi-Fi System
Unit 3: Adaptive Filters (7Hrs)

Necessity, Adaptive filters as noise cancellers; Configuration of adaptive filters; main components of
adaptive filters ; Adaptive algorithms: LMS, RLS; adaptive filtering for ocular artifacts from the
human EEG; Adaptive telephone echo cancellation
Unit 4: Linear Prediction and Optimum Linear Filters (7Hrs)

Lattice structures; Innovation representation of random signals; Rational power spectra, AR, MA,
ARMA; Forward and backward linear prediction; Wiener filter for filtering and prediction; Solution
of the normal equation – Levinson – Durbin Algorithm
Unit 5: Power Spectrum Estimation (7Hrs)
8

Correlation and Correlogram; Estimation of spectra from finite duration observation of signals;
Estimation of autocorrelation and power spectrum of random signals ; Non-parametric methods for
power spectrum estimation – Bartlett & Welch method
Unit 6: Architectures for DSPs (5Hrs)

Basic generic architectures, Harward Architecture; Introduction to SHARC, pipelining, MAC;
Special instructions, on-chip memory; Fixed and Floating point DSPs; Case study of
TMS320C54XX or TMS320C6XXX; Implementation of basic DS algorithms Decimation and
Interpolation
Text Books:
1. E C Ifleachor and B W Jervis “Digital Signal Processing – A practical approach”, 2nd
edition, Pearson education
2. John G Proakis, Monolakis “Digital Signal Processing – Principles, Algorithms and
Applications ”, Pearson education
Reference Books:
1.P P Vaidyanathan “Multirate systems and filter banks”, PHI
2.B Venkatramani, M Bhaskar, “Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming &
Applications”, TMH
3.Simon Haykin, “Adaptive Filter Theory”, 4th edition Pearson Education
9

FF No.: 654
EC 50103: DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN
Course Objectives: This course will focus on
i. Key elements of semiconductor physics,
ii. Predominant CMOS technology and circuit style,
iii. The challenges of digital VLSI design,
iv. Conceptual thinking and design methodology over detailed circuit analysis
techniques.
Course Outcomes:
i. Students will be able to design & simulate logic gates in VLSI.
ii. Students will able to design and simulate a small digital circuit/system.
Unit 1: Static CMOS Inverter (8Hrs)

MOS device physics, threshold voltage, body bias, I-V characteristics and design equations, the
actual device – secondary and short-channel effects, MOS SPICE models. The Static CMOS
Inverter — An Intuitive Perspective, The Static Behavior, Switching Threshold, Noise Margins,
static and dynamic power consumption, introduction to layout.
Unit 2: Combinational Logic –Static and Dynamic Design (9Hrs)
CMOS Logic structures – Pseudo NMOS, Complementary CMOS, Ratioed Logic, Pass-Transistor
Logic, and Transmission Gate with examples, Dynamic Logic – Basic Principle, DOMINO, NORA,
Speed and power dissipation of dynamic logic gate, Issues in dynamic design, cascading dynamic
gates, layout of few combinational/sequential circuits, Euler path to optimize layout.
Unit 3: Sequential Logic Circuits - Static and Dynamic Design (5Hrs)

The bi-stability principle, CMOS Clocked Latches, CMOS Multiplexer based Latches, Flip-flops,
Clocked CMOS Logic (C2MOS), TSPC Latches, pipelining of logic blocks.
Unit 4: Integrated Memories (6Hrs)

Static Random-Access Memories, Static Random-Access 6-T Memory Cell, design equations,
DRAM cells, Sense Amplifier, Read-Only Memories- NAND and NOR structures, CAM.
Unit 5: Logical Efforts (6Hrs)

Delay and Electrical Efforts of a gate, defining logical efforts, Multi-stage logic network, Choosing
path, applying logical efforts to design circuit for speed.
Unit 6: Modern MOS Devices (6Hrs)

Technology node – concept and scaling, effect of scaling on performance of device and circuit, LDD
MOSFET, sub-micron MOSFET, SOI MOSFET, FinFET, Mutli-gate MOSFETs.
10

Reference/Textbooks:
1) Ken Martin, Digital Integrated Circuit Design, OXFORD University Press.
2) N. Weste, K. Eshranghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI design – A Systems Perspective, Addison-
Wesley Publishing Company.
3) Jan M. Rabaey, Digital Integrated Circuits- A Design Perspective, Prentice-Hall.
4) S. Kang and Y. Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill
Higher Education.
5) Logical Effort by Sutherland.
11
LIST OF ELECTIVES
Elective-I
Subject Code Subject Name
EC52101 RF Circuit Design
EC52102 Digital Image Processing and Machine Vision
EC52103 Artificial Intelligence
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FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-I
EC52101: RF CIRCUIT DESIGN
Course Objectives:
i. To provide students with the basic principles of radio frequency (RF) circuit design.
ii. To introduce the students to topics such as fundamental transmission line theory, HF circuit
behavior, designing matching networks, amplifiers, filters etc.
iii. To prepare the students for careers in the communication domain.
Course Outcomes:
i. The students will gain the basic knowledge of RF circuit design.
ii. The students will become competent to work in the field of communication.
Unit 1: Introduction (7Hrs)

Introduction to RF, RF behavior of passive components, Skin effect, Transistor at RF, HF model of
transistor, RF FET models, RF diode models, RF transistor data sheet, Y- and s-parameters.
Unit 2: Transmission Line Analysis (7Hrs)

Transmission line analysis, types of transmission lines, equivalent circuit representation,
transmission line equations – general and lossless, sourced and loaded transmission lines, termination
conditions, microstrip transmission lines.
Unit 3: Smith Chart & Parameters (6Hrs)

Introduction to Smith chart, impedance matching, impedance transformation, admittance
transformation, parallel & series connection of components in circuits, interconnection networks, Y
parameters, s-parameters, signal flow chart modeling.
Unit 4: RF Amplifier Design (7Hrs)

Transistor biasing, stability considerations, design of LNA, broadband amplifiers, multistage
amplifiers, high power amplifiers using Smith chart.
Unit 5: Filter Design (7Hrs)

Basic resonator and filter configurations, insertion loss, high pass filter design, band pass filter
design, band reject filter design, effects of finite Q, loaded Q, frequency and impedance scaling.
13

Unit 6: RF Transformer Design (6Hrs)
Applications of RF transformer, transformer circuits and impedance relationships, transformer
performance characteristics, insertion loss and frequency bandwidth, impedance and return loss, RF
equivalent circuit of transformer, center tapped transformers – impedance relationships, amplitude
and phase balance
Text Books:
1. RF Circuit Design – Theory and Applications Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel BretchkoPearson
Publication.
2. RF Circuit Design Chris Bowick Newness Publication
Reference Books:
1. RF Microelectronics Behzad Razavi Prentice Hall
2. Secrets of RF Circuit Design Joseph Carr Tata McGraw Hill
3. www.minicircuits.com
14

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-I
EC52102: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING AND MACHINE VISION
Course Objectives:
i. To learn the fundamentals of gray scale image processing
ii. Understands the fundamentals of gray scale image processing
iii. Understands the significance of image processing in solving the real world problems.
Course Outcomes:
i. Student will learn the mathematics behind the image processing
ii. Student will Understands the significance of image processing and will be able to solve the
problems in image processing
Unit 1: Visual Preliminaries and Image Transformation (8Hrs)

Introduction, brightness adaptation and contrast, activity and contour, texture and pattern discrimination.
Monochrome vision model. Geometric model of an image, basic transformations, perspective projection
Unit 2: Image Transforms (8Hrs)

2-D Fourier transform, Discrete cosine transform, K-L Transform, Walsh Transform, Hadamard Transform
Unit 3: Image Enhancement (6Hrs)

Contrast intensification: linear stretching, non-linear stretching, and histogram specification, low contrast
stretching. Smoothing: Image averaging, mean filter, order statistics filter, edge preserving smoothing.
Sharpening: High pass filtering, homomorphism filtering.
Unit 4: Image Restoration (6Hrs)

Minimum mean-square error restoration, least-square error restoration, constrained least-square error
restoration, restoration by singular value decomposition, restoration by homomorphic filtering.
Unit 5: Image Analysis: Segmentation (6Hrs)

Region extraction, pixel based approach: feature thresholding, optimum threshold, threshold selection
methods, multilevel thresholding, basic primary & Secondary gray level &Binary morphological operations
Unit 6: Image Analysis (6Hrs)
Edge detection, derivative operators: Sobel, Prewittt, Canny, second order derivative, line detection. Object
shape measures
15
Text Books:
1. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, A.K. Jain, Prentice Hall, 1989

2. Digital Image Processing, R.C.Gonzalez&R.Woods, Addison-Wesley, 1992
3. Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision by Sonaka, Cengage Learning
Reference Books:
1. Object Recognition by Computer, W.E.L. Grimson, MIT Press, 1990
2. Syntactic Pattern Recognition: An Introduction, R.C.Gonzalez and M.G.Thomason
3. Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis, R.O. Duda and P.E. Hart, Wiley 1973
16

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-I
EC 52103: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Objective: To provide a strong foundation of fundamental concepts in Artificial Intelligence
i. To provide a basic exposition to the goals and methods of Artificial Intelligence.
ii. To enable the student to apply these techniques in applications which involve perception,
reasoning and learning.
Outcomes: At the end of this course, students will be able to

i. Explain AI representations and applications
ii. Classify ISA Hierarchy
iii. Elucidate expert system using architecture and case studies
Unit 1: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (5Hrs)

AI task domain, problem representation in AI, Problem characteristics, in-max search procedure,
game playing using AI.
Unit 2: Searching Techniques (8Hrs)

AI and search process, brute force search and heuristic search techniques, application to various
game playing, optimal decision in game, constrain satisfaction and their applications.
Unit 3: Knowledge Representation (6Hrs)

Hierarchy knowledge, type of knowledge, knowledge representation, methods for knowledge
representation, predicate logic, weak slot and filler structure, strong slot and filler structure.
Unit 4: Planning (6Hrs)

Overview, An Example Domain: The Blocks World, Components of a Planning System, various
planning techniques like Goal Stack Planning, Nonlinear Planning Using Constraint Posting,
Hierarchical Planning etc., Reactive Systems.
Unit 5: Neural Networks (8Hrs)

Introduction, Syntactic Processing, semantic analysis and Pragmatic processing, Natural Language
Processing: Introduction, Syntactic Processing, Semantic Analysis, Discourse and Pragmatic
Processing. Statistical NLP, spell checking.
Unit 6: Expert Systems (7Hrs)
17

Representing and using Domain Knowledge, Expert System Shells, Explanation and Knowledge
Acquisition. Human expert behaviours, Expert system components, structure of expert system, the
production system, how expert system work, and Expert system development for particular
application.
PROLOG: Facts, Objects and predicates, Variables, Rules, Input and Output, Arithmetic Operations,
Cut, Fail, Recursion, string operations, Dynamic databases, Lists.
Text Books:
1 Elain Rich and Kerin Knight, “Artificial Intelligance”, TMH Publication
Reference Books:
1. Eugane. Charniak, Frew, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligance”, McDermott
2. Kishan Mehrotra, Sanjay Rawika, K. Mohan, “Arificial Neural Network”
3. Rajendra Akerkar, “Introduction to Artificial Intelligance”, Prentice Hall Publication
18
Elective-II
EC52104 Biomedical Electronics
EC52105 Vehicular Adhoc Networks
EC52106 Embedded Systems
EC52107 Speech Processing
19

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-II
EC52104: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Course Objectives: With widespread use and requirements of medical instruments, this course
gives knowledge of the principle of operation and design of biomedical instruments.
i. To learn how to measure physical/chemical/biological variables relevant to medicine and
biology using state-of-the-art instrumentation.
ii. To give the introductory idea about human physiology system which is very important
with respect to design consideration
iii. To become aware of real-life contemporary biomedical problems that can be addressed by
various methods.
iv. To understand the mathematical and physical foundations of biomedical engineering and
how these are applied to the design of biomedical instruments, the analysis of biological
systems, and the technological advancement for health care.
Course Outcomes: By the end of the course students will be able to

i. Design instruments useful to the medical community.
ii. Evaluate alternate assumptions, approaches, procedures, tradeoffs, and results related to
engineering and biological problems.
iii. Design a variety of electronic and/or computer-based devices
iv. Design pf software for applications including biomedical instrumentation, medical
imaging, physiological measurement, biomedical signal processing, rehabilitation
engineering and medical informatics.
Unit 1: Introduction (6 Hrs)

Origins of Bioelectric signals, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG); Recording
Electrodes- Silver-silver Electrodes, Electrodes for ECG, EEG and EMG; Physiological
Transducers- Pressure Transducers, Temperature sensors, Pulse sensors; Sources of bioelectric
potential, resting potential, action potential, propagation of action potentials in nerves; rhythmic
excitation of heart.
Unit 2: Cardiovascular Measurements (8 Hrs)

The Cardiovascular System and Cardiovascular Measurements, The Heart, Blood Pressure,
Characteristics of Blood Flow, Heart Sounds Electrocardiography, Measurement of Blood Pressure,
Measurement of Blood Flow and Cardiac output, Plethysmography, Measurement of Heart Sounds –
phonocardiography.
Unit 3: Medical Image Processing (8 Hrs)
20

Basic Principles, Image operations, Radiography and CT: X-rays - interaction of X-ray beam with
tissue, ray detection, data acquition in CT, Images reconstruction, computed axial tomography,
generation of CT, spiral CT, mammography.
Unit 4: Advances in Medical Imaging (6 Hrs)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Introduction, principles of MRI, MRI instrumentation, image
acquisition and reconstruction techniques, Application of MRI. Ultra Sound in Medicine:
Introduction, ultrasonic transducers and types, transmitter and detector principles, probe design,
principles of image formation. Display system: principles of A-mode, B mode and M-mode display.
Unit 5: Medical Signal Processing (6 Hrs)

Cardiological signal processing: QRS detection methods. Rhythm analysis. Arrhythmia detection
algorithms. Automated ECG analysis. ECG pattern reconition. Data compression techniques: ECG
acquisition and transmission. Reduction algorithms. Turning point AZTEC, CORES, and the KL
transform.
Unit 6: Bio Telemetry (6 Hrs)

Bio-telemetry and Instrumentation for clinical laboratory, Introduction to biotelemetry, physiological
parameters adaptable to biotelemetry, the components of biotelemetry system, implantable units,
applications of telemetry in patient care.
Text Book:
1.Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements – Cromwell, Weibell, Pfeiffer – Pearson
2. R.S.Khandpur, ‘Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation’, 2nd Edn,TMH, 2003.
3. Biomedical Digital Signal Processing, Willis J Tomkin, Phi.
4.Biomedical Signal Analysis case study approach”, Rangaraj M Rangayyan
5. Isaac N. Bankman, “Handbook of Medical Imaging” Academic Press, 2000.
6. CHO & MANBIR SINGH, “Foundations of Medical Imaging”, John Wiley, 1993.
21

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-II
EC52105: VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS
Course Objectives:
i. To give exposure to state of the art in VANETs
ii. To understand VANETs which now open new vistas for internet access, distributed gaming
and the fast growing Mobile entertainment industry.
iii. To understand VANETs to promote Traffic Safety.
Course Outcomes:
i. Graduate students and practitioners who intend to do work in VANETs can work on
key research challenges.
ii. Get overview of simulation tools used in VANETs.
Unit 1: Introduction to Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) (6Hrs)

Traffic Monitoring, Causes of congestion, Traffic Monitoring Data, Common Applications of
Traffic Data, Commonly used sensor technology, Detection methods,
Unit 2: Models for Traffic flow and Vehicle Motion (8Hrs)

Models for Longitudinal Vehicle Movement, Lane changes situations, Simulating Vehicle-to-
Vehicle and Infrastructure-to-Vehicle Communication
Unit 3: Networking Issues (8Hrs)

Routing in MANET, Applicability of MANET Routing to Vehicular Environment, Routing
protocols for VANET.
Unit 4: Delay-Tolerant Networks in VANETs (6Hrs)

Deterministic/Stochastic Delay-Tolerant Routing, Vehicle Traffic Model, Vehicle- Roadside
Data Access, Data Dissemination in VANETs
Unit 5: Localization in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (6Hrs)

Localization-Aware VANET applications, Localization Techniques for VANETs, Data Fusion in
VANET Localization Systems
Unit 6: Vehicular Applications (6Hrs) Safety

related vehicular applications, use of Infrastructure in VANETs, Vehicular Network Simulators,
Vehicular Mobility Models.
22

Text Books:
1. Stephan Olariu, Michele C. Weigle, “Vehicular Networks from Theory to Practice”, CRC
Press.
2. Hassnaa Moustafa and Yan Zhang, “Vehicular Networks: Techniques, Standards and
Applications,” Auerbach Publications, 2009.
3. Selected Papers about Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs).
Reference Books:
1. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B.S. Manoj, “Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and
Protocols,” Prentice Hall, 2004.
2. William Stallings, “Wireless Communications and Networks,” Prentice Hall, 2004.
23

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-II
EC52106: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Course Objectives:
i. To study embedded network protocols
ii. To study embedded processors
iii. To study architecture of RTOS
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to
i. Explain the general structure of a real-time system
ii. Design ARM based embedded systems
iii. Design DSP based embedded systems
Unit 1: Introduction to Embedded system (6Hrs)

Embedded system overview, Design matrices, Processor technology, IC technology Design
technology, Design productivity gap
Unit2:EmbeddedProcessor1:ARM (8Hrs)
ARM processor: Introduction Features and architecture, Processor modes, Register organization,
Exceptions and its handling, Addressing modes, ARM and THUMB instruction sets, programming,
Co-processor interface.
Unit3:EmbeddedProcessor2-DSPProcessor (8Hrs)
TMS320C67XX 32 bit floating point DSP Processor: Introduction, features and architecture,
Applications, Addressing modes, Memory architecture, External memory accesses, Pipeline
operation, Hardware tools: DSP (DSKs-DSP starter kit) and other DSP boards, Software tools: Code
composer studio
Unit4:EmbeddedCommunicationProtocols (6Hrs)
Embedded Networking: Introduction – Serial/Parallel Communication – Serial communication
protocols -RS232, RS485,Synchronous Serial Protocols –SPI, I2C, Bluetooth, wireless Ethernet,
MODBUS, CAN, USB
Unit 5: Overview of Operating System (6Hrs)

Introduction to OS, Basic Principles - Operating System structures, Process management and Inter
Process, Communication, Memory management, I/O subsystem, File System Organization, POSIX
Thread Programming, Real Time Scheduling
Unit 6: Real Time Operating System (6Hrs)

Introduction to Real-Time / Embedded Operating Systems RTLinux Architecure and Internals,
Programming RTLinux, Configuring and Compiling RTLinux.
24

Text Books:
1. Raj Kamal,” Embedded system Architecure, Programming and Design”,Tata McGraw Hill.
2. “Embedded/Real_time Systems – Concepts, Design and programming”, Dr.K.V.K.K.
Prasaddreamtech Press.
Reference books:
1. “Embedded system design” –Frank Vahid/tony Givargis
2. “DSP Processor Fundamentals: Archiectures And Features”, Lapsley P.,Bier j, Shoham A.”
S,Chand & Co. ,New Delhi ,1997
3. "The Art of Designing Embedded Systems", Jack Ganssle, Newnes, 1999.
4. “Programming for Embedded Systems” Dreamteach Software team
5. “ Operating System Concepts”, Silberschawtz A.,Galvin P.B, John Wiley
6. FSM Labs documents on RTLinux
25

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-II
EC52107: SPEECH PROCESSING
Course Objectives:
i. To introduce the fundamentals of speech signal processing.
ii. To present basic principles of speech analysis and speech recognition.
iii. To study speech enhancement, speech coding and speech recognition.
Course Outcomes: Students should be able to
i. Express the speech signal in terms of its time and frequency domain representations
and the different ways in which it can be modeled.
ii. Gain the knowledge of simple features used in speech classification applications.
iii. Implement components of speech processing systems like speaker recognition etc. in
MATLAB.
Unit 1: Speech Production & Hearing (6 Hrs)

Anatomy & physiology of speech organs, articulatory, acoustic phonetics, acoustic theory of speech-
production, prosody. Anatomy & physiology of ear, sound perception, speech perception, models of
speech perception, vowel perception, consonant perception.
Unit 2: Speech Analysis (8 Hrs)

Short time speech analysis, time domain parameters, frequency domain analysis, LPC analysis, pitch
estimation cepstral analysis.
Unit 3: Speech Coding (8 Hrs)

Quantization, redundancies, waveform coding, Linear Prediction coding, Transform domain coding
of speech, VQ coders.
Unit 4: Speech Synthesis (6 Hrs)

Principles, synthesis methods, text to speech synthesis, synthesis by rule, prosody in synthesis, speech
transformations and applications.
Unit 5: Speech Recognition (6 Hrs)

Speech recognition approach, parametric representation, evaluation of speech patterns, various
models of speech recognition, Application.
Unit 6: Speaker Identification (6 Hrs)

Acoustic parameters, Similarity measures, Text-independent speaker verification, Text-prompted
speaker verification, Identification, verification, and the decision threshold.
26
Text Books/Reference Books:

1. Shaila D. Apte, “Speech& Audio Processing” Wiley Publication.
2. Furi S., "Digital Speech Processing, Synthesis & Recognition".
3. Lawrence Rabiner & Bing Hwang Juang, "Fundamental of Speech Recognition", Pearson
Education.
4. Ben Gold & Nelson Morgan "Speech and Audio Signal Processing"
27

FF No. : 658
EC 50301: P.G. LAB-1
(Advanced Digital Signal Processing
&
1. ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Course Objectives:
i. To give inputs regarding adaptive filters and its applications
ii. To learn basic architecture of a typical DSP processor
i. Apply the concept of adaptive filtering
ii. Perform DSP based applications on DSP processors
List of Experiments
1. Unique Decodability Test
2. Golomb coding
3. Arithmetic coding
4. Lz77 Dictionary Coding
5. Uniform & Jayant quantizer
6. Study of various file formats: Audio, GIF, PNG
7. Transform Coding
8. Applications: Text, Audio, Image, Video Compression
28
2. DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN

Course Objectives:
i. To focus on the challenges of digital VLSI design,
ii. To focus on conceptual thinking and design methodology over detailed circuit analysis
techniques.
i. Students will be able to design & simulate logic gates in VLSI.
ii. Students will able to design and simulate a small digital circuit/system
List of Experiments
1. Introduction to EDA tools- coding, simulation, synthesis, timing analysis and implementation
in an FPGA
2. Binary adders and Mac
3. CORDIC
4. FIR Filter
5. IIR filter
6. Simulation of IVs
7. Understanding significance of DELTA delay in HDL
8. Layout of a combinational system
29
Semester – II
30
Teaching
Code Subject Type Assessment Scheme Credits
Scheme
L P ISA ESA
CT * MSE HA * CA ESE
EC50104 Signal Coding & Compression Techniques Theory 3 - 20 30 30 - 50 3
EC50105 Pattern Recognition Theory 3 - 20 30 30 - 50 3
EC50106 Wireless Adhoc Networks Theory 3 - 20 30 30 - 50 3
EC521XX Department Elective – III Theory 3 - 20 30 30 - 50 3
EC521XX Department Elective – IV Theory 3 - 20 30 30 - 50 3
PG Lab – II
EC50302 (Signal Coding & Compression Techniques & Lab - 4 - - - 100 - 4
Wireless Adhoc Networks)
EC57703 Technical Seminar – I Lab - 2 - - - 100 - 4
EC50402 CVV – II (Based on Electives) Lab - - - - - - 100 2
EC57702 Semester Project –II Project 6 - - - - 100 2
15 6 27
31

FF No. : 658
EC 50104: SIGNAL CODING AND COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES

Course Objectives:
i. To give inputs regarding Information Theory & coding techniques.

ii. Understand the structures of the codes through the practical and appreciate the applications
in signal processing.
iii. To understand the basics of Data compression and quantization techniques
iv. To know the transform coding basics
Course Outcomes:
i. Students should be able to apply the lossy and lossless compression techniques to audio
signal, Image and Videos
Unit 1: Information Theory & Source Coding (7Hrs)

Introduction, Information & Entropy, Probability & Markov models; Uniquely decodable
codes, Prefix codes, Source Coding Theorem, Shannon Fanon, Huffman codes
Unit 2: Huffman Coding (7Hrs)

Optimality of Huffman Codes, Extended Huffman codes, Adaptive Huffman codes, Golomb
& Rice codes, Applications of Huffman coding
Unit 3: Lossless Coding (8Hrs)

Arithmetic Coding, adaptive arithmetic coding, Dictionary Techniques- Static & Adaptive
Dictionary, Lempel Ziv Approaches- LZ77, LZ78, LZW, File Formats- Graphic Interchange
Format(GIF), Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
Unit 4: Scalar & Vector Quantization (7Hrs)

Uniform Quantizer, Adaptive Quantizer – Forward & Backward adaptive quantizer, Jayant
quantizer, non-uniform quantizer, vector quantization
Unit 5: Transform Coding (7Hrs)

Necessity of transforms, Discrete Cosine Transform, Walsh, Hadamard transform, KL
transform, Quantization and coding of transform coefficients, JPEG image compression.
32

Unit 6: Data Compression Applications (4Hrs)
Applications– Text Compression, Image compression, Audio & Video Compression.
Text Books
1.Simon Hyakins , ‘Communication systems’, Wiley Publications, 4th edition
2. Khalid Sayood , ‘Introduction to Data Compression’, Elsvier publication, 3rd edition,
3.Graham Wade, ‘Coding Techniques – Introduction to compression & Error control’,
Palgrave Publications
Reference Books
1. Ranjan Bose, ‘Information Theory & cryptography’, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002/2006
2. Saloman D, ‘Data compression – Complete reference ‘ , springer verlag, 3rd edition
3. Levis W.J. , ‘Data compression ‘ . Springer , 2nd edition
4.Nelson Mark . Gaily . Jean , Loup , ‘Data Compression book’ , BPB publication, 2nd edition
33

FF No. : 658
EC 50105: PATTERN RECOGNITION
Course Objectives:
i. Provides an introduction to classical pattern recognition
ii. The students should learn to choose an appropriate classifier for a pattern recognition
problem.
Course Outcomes:
i. Student will understand the classical pattern recognition
ii. Student will be able to select the appropriate classifier for a pattern recognition
problem
Unit 1: Basics of pattern recognition (8 Hrs)

Machine perception, Pattern recognition systems, design cycle, learning and adaptation. Case
studies of Pattern recognition,
Probability: Introduction, probability of events, random variables, Joint distributions and
densities, moments of random variables, estimation of parameters from samples, minimum risk
estimators
Unit 2: Bayesian decision theory (8 Hrs)

Bayesian Decision theory continuous and discrete features, minimum error rate classification,
classification discriminant function, Parameter estimation methods like Maximum-Likelihood
estimation, Gaussian mixture models, Expectation maximization method, and Bayesian
estimation. Bayesian belief network
Unit 3: Nonparametric Techniques (6Hrs)

Parzen window method,K-Nearest Neighbour method, metrics and Nearest-Neighbor
Classification. Fuzzy Classification
Unit 4: Linear Discriminant Function based Classifiers (6Hrs)

Linear discriminant function and decision surface, Perception, Support vector machines. Multi-
category generalization
Unit 5: Unsupervised Learning and Clustering (6Hrs)

Criterion functions for clustering, Algorithms for clustering: K-means, Hierarchical and other
methods, Cluster validation, component analysis. Low dimensional representation and
multidimensional scaling.
Unit 6: Applications of Pattern Recognition (6Hrs)
34

Applications such as Character recognition, Face recognition, Iris flower classification, number
plate recognition etc.
Text Books:
1. Pattern Classification, R. O. Duda, P. E. Hart and D. G. Stork, John Wiley, 2001.
2. Pattern recognition and image analysis, Earl Gose, Richard Johnsonbaugh, Steve Jost, Prentice
Hall PTR, 1996.
3. Pattern Recognition, S.Theodoridis and K.Koutroumbas, 4th Ed., Academic Press,2009.
Reference Books:
1. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, C.M.Bishop, Springer, 2006.
35

FF No. : 658
EC 50106: WIRELESS AD-HOC NETWORKS
Course Objectives:
i. To study different wireless ad-hoc networks
ii. To understand the co-existence issues in heterogeneous networks.
iii. To learn performance analysis of Wireless ad-hoc networks
Course Outcomes:
On completion of the course, the student can
i. Understand the wireless ad-hoc network standards.
ii. List the factors affecting the Qos in heterogeneous networks
iii. Implement the Qos improvement techniques
Unit 1: Introduction (7Hrs)

Wired networks vs wireless network technologies, concepts of infrastructure networks and
adhoc networks, overview of wireless network standards, comparative study of various
wireless ad-hoc networks.
Unit 2: Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) (7Hrs)

Wireless LAN standards, architectures, modulation schemes, MAC layer, media access
protocols, MAC layer Management, hidden nodes, collision avoidance, Data and voice
transmission over Wireless LANs.
Unit 3: Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) (7Hrs)

Wireless PAN specifications, Network topologies, Architecture, the physical layer, MAC sub
layer, Media Access protocol, channel access Management, association, disassociation,
synchronization, GTS allocation and Management.
Unit 4: Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (7Hrs)

Co-existence of wired and wireless networks, collocated, co-existed wireless networks,
impact of WIFI traffic on WPANs, Wireless co-existence between WLANs and WPANs,
interference mitigation, performance analysis of high density wireless networks.
Unit 5: Qos and Secuirity in Wireless ad-hoc Networks (6Hrs)
36

Qos parameters, measurement of Qos parameters, Qos improvement techniques: collision
avoidance, congestion control, wireless security standards.
Unit 6: Case Study of Wireless Ad-Hoc Network Applications (6Hrs)

Smart home, remote health monitoring, industrial control, remote metering, and agriculture
applications. Future trends in wireless ad-hoc networks
Text Books:
1. Emerging Wireless LANs, Wireless PANs and Wireless MANs, edited by Yang Xiao, YI
PAN, Wiely International.
2. IEEE standard for Information Technology , Part:15.4 -2009
Reference Books:
1. IEEE standards for LANs, WPANs
2. Relevant technical papers from standard International Journals
37
LIST OF ELECTIVES
Elective-III
EC52108 Data Communication Network
EC52109 VLSI Signal Processing
EC52110 Wavelet Theory and Applications
EC52111 Antenna Theory
38

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-III
EC52108: DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING
Course Objectives:
i. To provide a conceptual foundation for the study of data communications

ii. To develop an understanding in basic hardware and software environments for data
communications and computer networks
iii. To provide knowledge about basics of Network Management and standards.
iv. To provide the basics of Network Management Tools and Systems
Course Outcomes: The course outcomes are as follows:

i. Students are expected to know about various protocols, models in networks.
ii. Students are able to design, implement and analyze simple computer networks.
iii. Identify, formulate and solve network engineering problems.
iv. Operations of TCP/UDP, SNMP, RMON etc.
v. Knowledge of contemporary issues in computer networks
Unit 1: Data Communication Overview (6Hrs)

Internet Architecture: Architectural concepts in ISO’s OSI layered model, layering in the
Internet. TCP/IP protocol stack. Transport layer-TCP and UDP, Network layer-IP, routing,
inter-networking. Data link layer, ARQ schemes, multiple access, LANs.
Unit 2: Network Management Overview (8Hrs)

Network Design Issues: Scope, Manageability, node placement, Link topology, Routing
Protocol selection. Network Management – Goals, Organization and Functions, Network and
System Management, Network Management System Platform, Current Status and Future of
Network Management.
.Unit 3: Network Management Standards and Models (8Hrs)

Basic Foundation: Standards, Models and Languages - Network Management Standards,
Network Management Model, Organization Model, Information Model, Communication
Model, ASN.1, Encoding Structure, Macros and Functional Model.
Unit 4: SNMP (6Hrs)

SNMPV1 Network Management: Organization and Information Models, Communication
and Functional Models, Managed Network, International Organization and Standard SNMP
Model, Organization Model, System Overview, Information Models.
39

Unit 5: SNMP & RMON (6Hrs)
Major Changes in SNMP V2 and V3 SNMP Management: RMON – Remote Monitoring,
SMI & MIB, RMON1, RMOPN2, ATM Remote Monitoring, Case Study of Internet Traffic
Using RMON.
Unit 6: Network Management Tools and Systems (6Hrs)

Network Management Tools, Network Statistics Measurement Systems, Network
Management Systems, Commercial Network Management Systems, System Management,
Enterprise Management Solutions.
Text Book/Reference Books:

1. Data Communications and Networking – Behrouz A. Forouzan. TMH.
2. Mani Subramanian, “Network Management principles and practice” 1st Edition, Addison
Wesley, 1999.
3. William Stalling, “SNMP – SNMPv2, SNMPv3 & RMON 1 and 2”, 3rd Edition, Addison
Wesley, 1999.
4. Steve Wisniewski, “Network Administration”, Prentice Hall, 2000.
40

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-III
EC52109: VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING
Objectives:
i. To expose the students to the concepts of Pipeline and Parallel Processing in
VLSI.
ii. To provide knowledge of realization of DSP system in VLSI.
Outcomes:
i. Students will be able to design DSP system in VLSI
ii. Students will be able to design low power system.
Unit 1: Introduction to DSP Systems, Pipelining and Parallel Processing of FIR Filters
(7hrs)
Introduction to DSP systems – Typical DSP algorithms, Representation of DSP System-
BD,SFG,DFG,Loop Bound and Iteration Bound, Algorithms for computing
Iteration bound, Iteration bound of multi rate data flow graphs- Pipelining and parallel processing –
pipelining of FIR filter ,Parallel Processing of FIR Filter, Pipelining and Parallel Processing for LOW
Power.
Unit 2: Retiming in Unfolded and Folded Architectures. (7Hrs)

Retiming , Retiming techniques – Unfolding –Algorithm for unfolding-Properties of
unfolding-Applications of unfolding – folding transformation, register minimization
technique, register minimization in folded architectures - folding of multi rate systems
Unit 3: Systolic Structure and Fast Convolution Algorithms (7Hrs)

Systolic architecture design – methodology, FIR systolic array, selection of scheduling
vector, matrix to matrix multiplication , 2D systolic array design, systolic design for space
representation containing delays – fast convolution algorithms – cook-toom algorithm-
modified cook-toom algorithm.
Unit 4: Pipelining and Parallel processing of IIR Filter and Round Off Noise (7Hrs)
Pipelining of IIR filter, Parallel processing of IIR filter,Scaling and round-off noise – scaling
operation, round-off noise, state variable description of digital filters, round-off noise in
pipelined IIR filters.
Unit 5: Bit Level Arithmetic (6Hrs)

Bit-level arithmetic architectures – parallel multipliers with sign extension, parallel carry-
ripple and carry-save multipliers, Baugh-Wooley multiplier ,Booth Multiplier, Bit serial FIR
filter, Bit serial IIR filter.
Unit 6: Synchronous and Asynchronous Pipelining (6Hrs)
41

Synchronous Pipelining and Clocking styles,Clock skew and clock distribution-Edge
triggered single phase clocking-Two phase clocking-Clock distribution, Wave Pipelining
Asynchronous pipelining.
TEXT BOOK:
1. Keshab K. Parhi, “VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems, Design and implementation “,
Wiley, Interscience, 2007.
References:
1. U. Meyer – Baese, “ Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate
Arrays”, Springer, Second Edition, 2004
2. S.Y.Kung , H.J.White House “VLSI and Modern Signal Processing“, Prentice Hall, 1985
3. Mohammed Isamail and Terri fiez “Analog VLSI Signal and information processing“, Mc
Graw Hill,New Delhi, 1994.
.
42

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-III
EC52110: WAVELET THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
Course Objectives:
i. Provide fundamental signal processing techniques important to many
communications and
multimedia subjects.
ii. Understand concepts, theory and algorithms behind wavelets from an
interdisciplinary perspective and able to make use of wavelets for various
applications.
Course Outcomes:
i. Student will be able to understand basic theory of wavelet transform and concepts
of using wavelets for various signal processing applications.
ii. Student will get necessary background for advance studies in digital signal
processing and other multimedia signal processing subjects.
Unit 1: Continuous Wavelet Transform (6 Hrs)

Introduction to wavelet transform, comparison with DFT and DCT. Introduction to time-
frequency analysis, Definition of CWT, properties of continuous wavelet transform, CWT as
correlation, CWT as an operator, Inverse CWT.
Unit 2: Discrete Wavelet Transform (6 Hrs)

Approximation of Vectors in linear vector subspaces, Basis for approximating sub spaces and
Haar Scaling function, Digital filter implementation of Haar Wavelet Decomposition.
Unit 3: Multi-resolution Analysis and Filter Banks (8 Hrs)

Definition of MRA, Construction of general orthonormal MRA,Wavelet Basis for MRA,
Digital Filtering Intepretation, Examplews of Orthogonal Basis-generating Wavelets,
Interpreting orthonormal MRAs for Discrete time Signal.
Unit 4: Different Families of Wavelets (8 Hrs)

Introduction to time frequency analysis Different families of wavelets, mathematical
preliminaries, windowed Fourier transform, short-time Fourier transform, Harr wavelet,
Daubechies Wavelets, Wavelet packet analysis, Harr wavelet packets, introduction to
orthogonal and bi-orthogonal wavelets.
Unit 5: Wavelet Transform and Data Compression (6 Hrs)

Transform Coding, Image compression using DTWT, Audio Compression, and Video
Coding using MRA.
Unit 6: Applications of Wavelet Transform (6 Hrs)
43

Application of wavelet theory to signal de-noising, transient detection, speckle removal, edge
detection and object isolation, image fusion, image enhancement, feature extraction,
communication applications like scaling functions as signaling pulses and multi-tone
modulation.
Text Books:
1. “Wavelet Transforms: Introduction to Theory and Applications” by Raghuveer Rao and
Ajit Bopardikar, Pearson Education.
2. "Insight Into Wavelets - From Theory to Practice", by K P Soman, K I Ramchandran PHI
publication (2nd edition), Prentice Hall of India.
Reference Books:
1. Wavelet Analysis –by Springer Publication.
2. Ten lectures on wavelets –by Daubechies I (CBMS-NSF, SIAM, 1982).
3. “Multirate Systems and Filter Banks”, P. P. Vaidyanathan, Pearson Education.
44
FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-III
EC52111: ANTENNA THEORY
Course Objectives: The student will acquire the following skills
i. Know & use standard antenna characterization.
ii. Design simple antennas & antenna arrays.
Course Outcomes: The students will be able to design and analyze antennas.
Unit 1: Antenna Introduction (6Hrs)

Types of antennas, Radiation Mechanism, Current distribution on a thin wire antenna.
Unit 2: Fundamental Parameters of Antenna (8Hrs)

Radiation patterns, Directivity, Gain, Antenna efficiency, Half-power beamwidth, Beam
efficiency, Bandwidth, Polarization, Input impedance, Antenna radiation efficiency,
Maximum directivity & maximum effective area, Friss transmission equation & radar
rangeequation.
Unit 3: Radiation Integrals & Auxiliary Potential Functions (6Hrs)

Vector potential A & F, Electric & magnetic fields for current sources, Far-field radiation,
Duality theorem, Reciprocity & Reaction theorems
Unit 4: Linear Wire Antennas (7Hrs)

Infinitesimal dipole, Small dipole, Region separation, Finite length dipole, Half wavelength
dipole, Linear elements near or on infinite perfect conductors, Ground effects.
Unit 5: Loop Antennas (7Hrs)

Small circular loop, Circular loop with constant current & non-uniform current, Ground &
earth curvature effects, Polygonal loop antennas, Ferrite loop, Mobile communications
systems applications.
Unit 6: Arrays (6Hrs)
45

Two element array, N-element linear array (Uniform amplitude & spacing, directivity, 3-D
characteristics), Design procedure, Rectangular to polar graphical solution, N-element linear
array (Uniform spacing & non-uniform amplitude), Superdirectivity, Planar array – design
considerations, Circular array.
Text Books:
1. Antenna Theory – Analysis & Design
Constantine Balanis, Wiley Publication
2. Antennas – For All Applications
Kraus, Marhefka, Khan, Tata McGraw Hill
Reference Books:
1. Practical Antenna Handbook
Joseph Carr McGraw Hill
46
Elective-IV
EC52112 Nanotechnology
EC52113 Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic
47

FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-IV
EC52112: NANOTECHNOLOGY
Course Objectives:
i. To expose the students to the concepts of Nanotechnology
ii. To provide comprehensive knowledge of Semiconductor nanostructures and
Nanoelectronics.
Course Outcomes:
i. Students will understand the concepts of Nanotechnology
ii. Students will get comprehensive knowledge of Semiconductor nanostructures and
Nanoelectronics.
Unit 1: Introduction, Characterization of Non-materials (8 Hrs)

Introduction: Historical development of nanotechnology. Overview of nanotechnology.
Global trends.Typical products in market utilizing nanotechnology.
Characterization of Non-materials:
Microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM; STM, AFM), spectroscopy techniques, XRD etc
Unit 2: Physics of Non-materials (8 Hrs)

Coverage of physics of materials appropriate for applications to nanotechnology.
Basics of Quantum Mechanics: Schrodinger equation, the postulates of quantum mechanics
Quantization of energy: Particle in a box, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle, quantum
measurement
One-dimensional Schrodinger Equation: Bound and unbound states, one dimensional barrier
problems (Quantum tunneling, Band gap in periodic lattice)
Unit 3: Fabrication of Non-materials (8 Hrs)

Top-down and Bottom-up approaches.
Top-Down Methods: Milling, lithographic processes, machining
Bottom-up Methods: Vapor phase deposition methods (PVD, CVD etc), plasma-assisted
deposition methods (PECVD), MBE, MOVPE, Liquid phase methods (various chemical
synthesis methods), colloidal methods, electrode position, templated growth methods, self-
assembly techniques.
Semiconductor nanostructures: Overview, quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum
dots. Fabrication techniques such as epitaxial techniques (MBE,MOVPE), lithography
(electron-beam lithography), colloidal techniques (sol-gel synthesis etc), self-assembly
techniques etc.
48

Unit 4: Nanoelectronics I: Physical properties of nanoscale structure (Mainly Section 1.1
of Dragoman): (8 Hrs)
Energy subbands and density of states in nanoscale structures, electron transport in low-
dimensional sturctures, resistance of a ballistic conductor, electron tunneling, resonant
tunneling, coulomb blockade
Unit 5: Nanoelectronics II: Nanoelectronic Devices (8 Hrs)

Resonant tunneling diodes, field-effect transistors, potential-effect transistors, single-
electron-transfer devices, LEDs and lasers, nanoelectromechanical system devices
Textbooks:
1. Dragoman, M.; Dragoman, D. 'Nanoelectronics: Principles and Devices', Artech House,
2009.
2. Hanson, G.W. 'Fundamentals of Nanoelectronics', Cambridge University Press, 2008.
3. Kelsall,R.W.; Hamley, I.W.; Geoghegan,M. 'Nanoscale Science
and Technology', John Wiley and Sons, 2005
Reference Books:
1. Mitin, V.V., Kochelap, V.A., Stroscio, M.A. 'Introduction to Nanoelectronics: Science,
Technology, Engineering and Applications', Cambridge University Press, 2008.
2. Durkan, C. 'Current at the Nanoscale: An Introduction to Nanoelectronics', Imperial College
Press, 2007.
3. Liboff, R.L. 'Introductory Quantum Mechanics', 4th ed, Pearson
Ed., 2003.
4. Nielsen, M.A. and Chuang, I.L. 'Quantum Computation and
Quantum Information', Cambridge University Press, 2002.
5. Poole, C.P. Jr; Owens, F.J. 'Introduction to Nanotechnology', Wiley India,
2006.
49
FF No. : 658
ELECTIVE-IV
EC52113: ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND FUZZY LOGIC
Course Objectives:
i. To expose the students to the concepts of artificial neural networks
ii. To provide comprehensive knowledge of fuzzy logic control.
iii. Provide adequate knowledge of application of ANN and fuzzy logic control to real
time systems.
Course Outcomes:
i. Students will be able to design neural networks for classification.
ii. Students will able to perform operations of fuzzy arithmetic and understand the
concept of fuzziness.
Unit 1: Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (8Hrs)

Fundamental concepts and models of artificial neural system, Architectures of ANN,
Learning and adaptation, Neural networks learning rules. Perceptron classifiers. Basic
functional Units for pattern recognition, Feed-forward and Feedback networks for pattern
association.
Unit 2: Radial Basis Function Networks For Pattern Classification (8Hrs)
Regularization theory, Noisy interpolation theory, Kernel regression, RBF networks for
pattern classification, Adaptive resonance theory, Applications of RBF for signal processing.
Unit 3: Associative Memories (6Hrs)

Associative memory, self organization map, optimization model, Paradigms of Associative
Memory, Pattern Mathematics, General Concepts of Associative Memory Bidirectional
Associative Memory (BAM) Architecture, Adaptive Linear neuron (Adaline) , Multiple
adaline.
Unit 4: Fuzzy Set Theory (7Hrs)

Classical sets, fuzzy sets, Crisp and Fuzzy relations, Properties of membership functions,
Logic and fuzzy systems, Fuzzy relation equations, rule based reduction methods, Decision
making with fuzzy information, Fuzzy arithmetic and extension principle.
Unit 5: Fuzzy Neuro Systems (7Hrs)
50

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, Nero-fuzzy modeling, Neuro-fuzzy control,
Application of neuro fuzzy control.
Unit 6: Applications of Fuzzy Logic (4Hrs)

Neural network applications: Process identification, control, fault diagnosis and load
forecasting. Fuzzy logic applications: Fuzzy logic control and Fuzzy classification.
Text Books:
1) B.Yegnanarayana, Artificial Neural Networks, Prentice Hall of India, 1999.
2) Jacek M. Zurada, Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems, Jaico Publishing home, 2002.
3) Timothy J. Ross, Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997.
4) George J. Klir, Bo Yuan , Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic, Prentice Hall India, 1997
5) Rajasekharan and Pai, “Neural Networks, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithms: synthesis and
applications” – PHI Publication.
Reference Books:
1. Satish Kumar, Neural Networks – A Classroom Approach, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003.
2) S.Haykin, Neural Networks – A Comprehensive Foundation, Prentice Hall, 1998.
3) C.M.Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, Springer, 2006.
4) J.S.R. Jang, C.T.Sun, E. Mezutani, Neuro – Fuzzy and Soft Computing, Pearson
Education,
2004.
5) Bart Kasko ,- Fuzzy Engineering,1st Edition , PHI, 1996.
51

FF No. : 658
EC 50302: P.G. LAB-2
(Signal Coding & Compression Techniques
&
Wireless Adhoc Network)
1. SIGNAL CODING & COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES

Course Objectives:
i. To give inputs regarding Information Theory & coding techniques.

ii. Understand the structures of the codes through the practical and appreciate the applications in
signal processing.
Course Outcomes:
i. Students should be able to apply the lossy and lossless compression techniques to audio
signal, Image and Videos
List of Experiments
1. Unique Decodability Test

2. Golomb coding
3. Arithmetic coding
4. Lz77 Dictionary Coding
5. Uniform & Jayant quantizer
6. Study of various file formats: Audio, GIF, PNG
7. Transform Coding
8. Applications: Text, Audio, Image, Video Compression
52

2. WIRELESS ADHOC NETWORK
Course Objectives:
i. To study different wireless ad-hoc networks
ii. To understand the co-existence issues in heterogeneous networks.
iii. To learn performance analysis of Wireless ad-hoc networks
Course Outcomes: On completion of the course, the student can

i. Measure the interference of the WIFI.
ii. Measure the RSSI and Link Quality of the ad-hoc Networks
iii. Implement the Qos improvement techniques
List of Experiments
1. WiFi interference measurement.
2. Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) measurement of WPANs
3. Analyse the WLAN interference on WPAN
4. Wireless Ad-hoc network implementation
5. Wireless network performance analysis
6. RSSI and Link Quality measurement
7. Collision avoidance
8. Congestion control
9. Qos measurement for high density WPAN
10. Course Project.
53

FF No. : 658
EC 57703: TECHNICAL SEMINAR-I
A technical seminar based on relevant disciplinary or inter disciplinary topic is to be
presented by every candidate during the second semester. The selection of the topic should be
based on references from reputed International Journals such as Elsevier, Science Direct,
IEEE transactions, IET transactions, SPIE transactions etc. only. The approval of the
Department Head/ Coordinator prior to commencement of work and presentation is essential.
The student is expected to produce a report based on the work carried out. The presentation,
report and work done during the term supported by the documentation forms the basis of
assessment
54
Semester – III
55
Semester III
Code Subject Type Teaching Assessment Scheme Credits

Scheme
L P ISA ESA
CT MSE HA CA ESE
HS66101 Institute Open Elective Theory 2 - 10 30 10 - 50 2
EC62101 Department Open Elective Theory 2 - 10 30 10 - 50 2
EC67702 Dissertation Stage I Lab - 6# - - - - 100 15
EC67701 Technical Seminar II Lab - 2 - - - - 100 4
4 6 23
# - Student is expected to work around 40 hours per week as Self Stud
56
HS66101 INSTITUTE OPEN ELECTIVE-IV
57
FF No. : 658
DEPARTMENT OPEN ELECTIVE-IV
EC62101: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS
Course Objectives: Student should be able to understand
i. Use of statistics for experimental design
ii. Statistical analysis of experimental data to draw meaningful conclusions
Course Outcomes: Students will able to apply statistical concepts for
i. Identify relationships between cause and effect.

ii. Providing an understanding of interactions among causative factors.
iii. Hypothesis testing
Unit 1: Statistical Concepts (6 Hrs)

Strategy of experimentation, applications of experimental design, characterizing a process,
optimizing a process variable, principles of experimental design replication, randomization,
blocking, design guidelines, statistical techniques in experimentation
Unit 2: Simple Comparative Experiments (7 Hrs)

Probability distributions, Mean, variance, expected values, sampling and sampling distributions,
properties of sample, mean, variance, degrees of freedom, normal distribution, standard normal
distribution, Chi square distribution, t distribution, f distribution, hypothesis testing, confidence
intervals
Unit 3: Experiments with Single Factor (7 Hrs)

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), fixed effect and random effect model, analysis of fixed effect
model, decomposition of total sum of squares, Cochrans theorem, model adequacy checking, normal
probability plot, plot of residuals versus fitted values
Unit 4: Factorial Design (7 Hrs)

Basic definitions and principles, advantages of factorials, two factor factorial design, statistical
analysis of fixed effect model, analysis of variance table for two factor factorial design fixed effect
model, degrees of freedom
58
Unit 5: Regression Models (6 Hrs)

Linear regression model, simple and multiple regression analysis, estimation of parameters, predicted
values, least squares fit, residuals and diagnostics
Unit 6: Randomized Block Design (7 Hrs)

Basic definitions and principles, randomized complete block design, statistical analysis of RCBD,
model adequacy checking, balanced incomplete block design, statistical analysis of BIBD
Text Books:
1. Design and analysis of experiments, Douglas Montgomery, Wiley India, (2007)
2. Design and Analysis of Experiments, Das, M.N. and Giri, N, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Applied statistics and probability for engineers, Douglas Montgomery, Wiley India, (2007)
59
EC 67702: DISSERTATION STAGE 1
It is based on Literature survey and paper work carried out in the identified Project area.
Project planning and execution till the Dissertation Stage-I examination will be considered.
EC 67701: TECHNICAL SEMINAR-II

A technical seminar based on relevant disciplinary or inter disciplinary topic is to be
presented by every candidate during the Third semester. The selection of the topic should be
based on references from reputed International Journals such as Elsevier, Science Direct,
IEEE transactions, IET transactions, SPIE transactions etc. only. The approval of the
Department Head/ Coordinator prior to commencement of work and presentation is essential.
The student is expected to produce a report based on the work carried out. The presentation,
report and work done during the term supported by the documentation forms the basis of
assessment
60
Semester – IV
61
Semester IV
Code Subject Type Teaching Assessment Scheme Credits

Scheme
L P ISA ESA
CT MSE HA CA ESE
EC67703 Dissertation Stage II Lab - 8# - - - - 100 25
# - Student is expected to work around 40 hours per week as Self Study
62
EC 67703: DISSERTATION STAGE-II
Final defence in front of the panel constituted as per the Institute rules and
guidelines.
63

Vl9251 Testing of Vlsi Circuits

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Bansilal Ramnath Agarwal Charitable Trust’s

VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – PUNE

Department of Electronics Engineering

Bansilal Ramnath Agarwal Charitable Trust’s

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune – 411037

(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to University of Pune)

Structure and Syllabus of

M. E. (Electronics and Telecommunication)

Effective from Academic Year 2013-14

Approved by: - Academic Board,

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune

Chairman – BOS Chairman – Academic Board

Department of Electronics Engineering

EC52105 Vehicular Adhoc Networks 22

EC52106 Embedded Systems 24

EC52107 Speech Processing 26

Department of Electronics Engineering

Department of Electronics Engineering

Department of Electronics Engineering

Department of Electronics Engineering

Unit 1: Vector Spaces and Function Spaces (8 Hr)

Unit 2: Matrices and its Applications (6 Hr)

Unit 3: System of Dequations, Phase Plane, Stability (6 Hr)

Unit 4: Probability and Random Variables (8 Hr)

Unit 5: Stochastic Process (6 Hr)

Unit 6: Wavelet Transforms (6 Hr)

Total Contact Hours: 40

Department of Electronics Engineering

2. Linear Algebra – David c. Lay (Pearson Education.)

4. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes. Athanasios Papoulis.

5. Introduction to probability Models,(Third edition) - Sheldon M. Ross.

8. Wavelets and Filter banks: by Gilbert Strang.

Department of Electronics Engineering

Unit 1: Random Signals (7Hrs)

Unit 2: Multirate DSP (7Hrs)

Unit 3: Adaptive Filters (7Hrs)

Unit 4: Linear Prediction and Optimum Linear Filters (7Hrs)

Unit 5: Power Spectrum Estimation (7Hrs)

Department of Electronics Engineering

Unit 6: Architectures for DSPs (5Hrs)

Total Contact Hours: 40

Department of Electronics Engineering

Unit 1: Static CMOS Inverter (8Hrs)

Unit 3: Sequential Logic Circuits - Static and Dynamic Design (5Hrs)

Unit 4: Integrated Memories (6Hrs)

Unit 5: Logical Efforts (6Hrs)

Unit 6: Modern MOS Devices (6Hrs)

Department of Electronics Engineering

Department of Electronics Engineering

Subject Code Subject Name

EC52101 RF Circuit Design

EC52102 Digital Image Processing and Machine Vision

EC52103 Artificial Intelligence

Department of Electronics Engineering

Unit 1: Introduction (7Hrs)

Unit 2: Transmission Line Analysis (7Hrs)

Unit 3: Smith Chart & Parameters (6Hrs)

Unit 4: RF Amplifier Design (7Hrs)

Unit 5: Filter Design (7Hrs)

Department of Electronics Engineering

Total Contact Hours: 40

Department of Electronics Engineering

Unit 1: Visual Preliminaries and Image Transformation (8Hrs)