General Outline Lift

™ Designing
–up
–down

–2 –10 –20 –24

–Time of the day

B. Bhattacharjee B. Bhattacharjee
2 3
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI

Handling capacity Zoning

–HC = 5 x 60 x Q x 100
T xP
% POP = (HC/POP) x
–passenger
100%.

B. Bhattacharjee B. Bhattacharjee
4 5
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI
 Zoning LIFt

–passenger

–express

B. Bhattacharjee B. Bhattacharjee
6 7
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI

lifts One floor jump time

Round trip time is comprised of :
Time to transfer Q passengers into (tQ) and out (tu) of
the lift cars. (a)

Distance df
Time to open (to) and close (tc) the car doors (s+1)
times. (b)
Time to accelerate, run at contract speed, decelerate
and level car (s+1) times. ©
Time to travel past remaining floors at contract speed
to highest floor (H). (d)
Time for express run from highest floor (H) to MT. (e) Time tf

B. Bhattacharjee B. Bhattacharjee
8 9
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI
 lifts
lifts
RTT = a + b + c + d + e. –Expected floor of reversal is
H=1u up1+2up2+3up3+………..(n-1)upn-1+nupn
= Q tQ + Q tu +(S+1) (to + tc) + (S+1) tf (1) + = 1u[(P1/P)Q-0]+2u[{(P1+P2)/P}Q – (P1/P)Q-] +3u[{(P1+P2+P3)/P}Q -{(P1+P2)/P}Q
(H-s) tv + (H-1 )tv = 2 H tv + (s+1) ts + 2 Q tp ] …..
……. ju[{¦ji=1 Pi)/P}Q - {¦j-1i=1 Pi)/P}Q ……. nu[{¦ni=1 Pi)/P}Q - {¦n-1i=1 Pi)/P}Q]
where tv = df / v = – (P1/P)Q-] -{(P1+P2)/P}Q - {(P1+P2+P3)/P}Q ….. - {¦j-1i=1 Pi)/P}Q -{¦ji=1 Pi)/P}Q
……. - {¦n-1i=1 Pi)/P}Q] +nu{P/P}Q =
tf is the one floor jump time § j ·
Q

n 1¨ ¦ i ¸
P
df is standard inter floor height and v is the n  ¦¨ i 1 ¸ n
§ P·
Q

n  ¦ ¨1  i ¸
H
j 1¨ P ¸ S
contract speed. ¨
©
¸
¹ i 1© P¹
ts = tf (1) + tc + to – tv
tp = (tQ + tu )/ 2

B. Bhattacharjee B. Bhattacharjee
10 11
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI

lifts
For n=16, P=1000, car capacity=16
tc = 2.5 sec to = 1.5 sec tv=1 sec
tp = 1.2 tu = 1.2; tf =5;
Q= 0.8u u16=12.8, H= 16-6 (i/n)Q =15.3
S=n[1-(1-1/n)Q ]=9
( ts= 5+1.5+2.5- 1=8 sec
RTT=2u15.3u1+(9+1)8+2u12.8u1.2=141.3
For 5 lifts T=141.3/5=28.3 sec
HC=300*12.8*100/28.3/1000=13.6%
B. Bhattacharjee
12
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI
lifts
For unequal floor heights additional distance is
covered at contract speed. For speed more than
1.75m/s, floor height less than 3.3 m will not
enable contract speed to be attained in one floor
jump.
The S and H derived earlier for Q=80% capacity
is valid when rate of arrival coincides with the
value Q/Rt, otherwise the S and H are to be
obtained by a trial and error procedure.
B. Bhattacharjee
13
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI
 lifts
Consider 120 people arriving in 5 min peak for
the example case., the arrival rate is 120/300
persons/s; the Q=120/300*28.3(for 5 lifts); the H
and S would change and T will also change;
thus trial and error procedure
Assume T=28.3/136u120=25;
Q=120/300u25=10; H=15; S=7.6; RTT=122.8, for
N=5 lifts, T=24.6; Not OK, Next trial
Assume T=25-2(25-24.6)=24.2;
Q=120/300u24.2=9.7; H=15; S=7.4; RTT=120.5,
for N=5 lifts, T=24.1; OK
lifts
Simulation is also possible
Let ƫ persons/time is the rate of arrival.
ƫ t is the persons arriving in time‘ t ’.
consider a small time interval ƅt. There are n such
trials.
Probability of x success in n trials = nCx px (1-p)n-x ;
Can be modeled as Poisson’s Process

B. Bhattacharjee B. Bhattacharjee
14 15
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI

lifts lifts
Arrangements of lifts shall be such that HC: 10-15% for divergent office;
passengers can see all the lifts. 15-25% for single purpose, 7.5% residential
Number, type and size of lifts and position No. of Floors and Speed
of –4to 5; 0.5 to 0.75 m/s
lift well; –6 to 12; 0.75 to 1.5 m/s
Particulars of lift well enclosure; –3 to 20; 1.5 to 2.5 m/s
Size, position, number and type of landing –Above 20; 2.5 m/s and above
doors;
Dimension of machine rooms available
from manufactures guide lines

B. Bhattacharjee B. Bhattacharjee
16 17
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI
 lifts
Escalators
–Quality of Service or Acceptable Interval
Escalators are used where large number of people is to be transferred
–20 to 25 seconds; Excellent over a short period of time. e.g railway station, departmental store,
exhibitions etc.,
–30 to 35 seconds; Good It works at a constant speed and serves only two levels.
–34 to 40 seconds;Fair Range = 3200 persons/hr., 6400 persons /hr.
Angle of inclination not > 30 degrees. Maximum 35.
–45 seconds; Poor Vertical rise not > 6m.
–Over 45 seconds Unsatisfactory Width = 68.5 cm.
Tread not < 40 cm.
–NOTE— For residential buildings longer Rise not> 22 cm.
intervals are allowed First tread not > 102 cm.
Capacity = 2.7wA (w – width in cm. between balustrades)
A – Horizontal distance between horizontal comb plate teeth.
Rated speed – not > 38 m /sec.
For w = 1m, A = 1 m, capacity= 270 kg/m2

B. Bhattacharjee B. Bhattacharjee
18 19
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, IIT DELHI