Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CÓDIGO: 20152522D
PRESENTACIÓN 3. FORMA, TAMAÑO Y CRISTALIZACIÓN DE GRANOS,
TEXTURAS Y ESTRUCTURAS PRINCIPALES EN ROCAS ÍGNEAS,
SEDIMENTARIAS Y METAMÓRFICAS.
Las rocas ígneas se forman por magma, que al enfriarse forma una materia sólida,
ya sea no cristalina (vidrio), cristalina, o una combinación de cristales y vidrio. La
diferencia entre materia vítrea y cristalina es el ordenamiento interno de ésta. En el
caso de los cristales las moléculas que lo conforman están dispuestas
espacialmente ordenada (patrón), caso contrario en el vidrio, donde las moléculas
tienen una disposición estable pero sin un patrón distinguible, por eso se considera
al vidrio como un sólido amorfo. Las densidades del vidrio y del cristal están
relacionadas al ordenamiento interno de éstos, un vidrio es menos denso que su
correspondiente substancia cristalina, debido a que sus moléculas no están tan
nítidas ni íntimamente dispuestas en comparación de un cristal. La presión juega un
papel importante en la cristalización, el magma solidifica a presiones altas formará
cristales debido a que ocupan un menor espacio en estas condiciones, mientras que
el solidifica a bajas presiones frecuentemente presenta materia vidriosa.
GRADO DE CRISTALIZACIÓN
Una roca está compuesta por dos, tres, cuatro constituyentes en los cuales
sobresalen en mayor cantidad o preponderancia los de varios constituyentes. El
poder estudiar en si una roca de dos constituyentes es raro ya que no hay mucha
abundancia. Entonces estudiar el de un solo constituyentes es aún más raro pero
es vital para estudiar la solidificación de los magmas paso a paso con el fin de
aumentar la complejidad de uno a mas constituyentes para poder entender como
ocurre la cristalización en el magma.
TAMAÑO DE GRANO
Las formas de los cristales están en función al desarrollo de las caras de los
cristales, ehuedral si las caras del cristal están perfectamente terminadas, anhedral
cuando las caras no han sido desarrolladas, y subhedral como un término
intermedio de ambas. El tipo de forma de los cristales depende de la rapidez de
enfriamiento, densidad del medio donde se forman y el grado de perturbación en el
medio.
RELACIONES MUTUAS DE LOS CRISTALES
Las rocas están compuestos por varios minerales, que tienen sus propias formas,
tamaño, etc. Cuando la mayoría de cristales son anhedrales se dice que la textura
es alotriomórfica, cuando son subhedrales se dice que la textura es hipidiomórfica,
y cuando la mayoría de cristales son ehuedrales se dice que la textura es
panidiomórfica.
FACTORES PRINCIPALES QUE CAUSAN EL TAMAÑO DE LOS CRISTALES EN
LAS ROCAS ÍGNEAS
Igneous rocks are formed by magma, which upon cooling forms a solid matter, either
non-crystalline (glass), crystalline, or a combination of crystals and glass. The
difference between glassy and crystalline matter is the internal ordering of it. In the
case of crystals, the molecules that form it are arranged spatially ordered (pattern),
otherwise in glass, where the molecules have a stable disposition but without a
distinguishable pattern, that is why glass is considered as an amorphous solid. The
densities of the glass and the crystal are related to the internal order of these, a glass
is less dense than its corresponding crystalline substance, because its molecules
are not so clear or intimately arranged compared to a crystal. Pressure plays an
important role in crystallization; solidified magma at high pressures will form crystals
because they occupy a smaller space under these conditions, while solidification at
low pressures frequently presents glassy matter.
DEGREE OF CRYSTALLIZATION
The degree of crystallization of the rock expresses the amount of crystals and glass
that compose it.
Holocrystalline: High degree of crystallization
Mesocrystalline: Mix of crystals and glass
Holohiallines: Glass in its entirety
CRYSTALLIZATION OF A MAGMA WITH A SINGLE COMPONENT
A rock is composed of two, three, four constituents in which stand out in greater
quantity or preponderance those of several constituents. To be able to study in itself
a rock of two constituents is rare since there is not much abundance. Then studying
the single constituents is even rarer but it is vital to study the solidification of the
magmas gradually in order to increase the complexity of one or more constituents in
order to understand how crystallization occurs in the magma.
GRAIN SIZE
In igneous rocks, the size of the crystals can be classified in phaneritic (visible to the
naked eye or with a magnifying glass) and aphanitic (they are not visible with a
magnifying glass). Aphanitic rocks can be microcrystalline, merocrystalline,
cryptocrystalline and vitreous. Faneritic rocks are distinguished from coarse grained
(greater than 5mm), medium grained (1 to 5mm) and fine grained (less than 1mm).
The size of the crystals mainly depends on the speed of cooling and the viscosity of
the magma.
SHAPES OF THE CRYSTALS
The forms of the crystals are a function of the development of the faces of the
crystals, ehuedral if the faces of the crystal are perfectly finished, anhedral when the
faces have not been developed, and subhedral as an intermediate term of both. The
type of crystal shape depends on the speed of cooling, the density of the medium
where they are formed and the degree of disturbance in the medium.
MUTUAL RELATIONS OF THE CRYSTALS
The rocks are composed of several minerals, which have their own shapes, size,
etc. When the majority of crystals are anhedral, the texture is said to be
alotriomorphic, when they are subhedra, the texture is said to be hipidiomorphic, and
when most crystals are ehuedral, the texture is said to be panidiomorphic.
MAIN FACTORS THAT CAUSE THE SIZE OF THE CRYSTALS IN THE IRON
ROCKS
Many confuse the term structure and texture, although they are very related there
are factors by which they differ; From a macroscopic point of view (to the naked eye)
structure is the disposition and disposition of the main rocky bodies (of a certain
region), for example, we have tabular, sedimentary, folded, failed, discordant, etc.
structures. From a microscopic point of view, the structure is the arrangement,
disposition and cohesion of the minerals that make up these rocks, the concept of
texture is much wider in this case, the textures can be classified according to the
size of the grains, by the degree of crystallization and by the shape of the crystals
that compose it, also in the origin of the rock, whether sedimentary, igneous or
metamorphic and related to the state and properties in the case of sedimentary rocks
(detrital, porous , homogeneous, heterogeneous, etc.)