Chapter 9

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
9.1 Overview
(i) An equation involving derivative (derivatives) of the dependent variable with
respect to independent variable (variables) is called a differential equation.
(ii) A differential equation involving derivatives of the dependent variable with
respect to only one independent variable is called an ordinary differential
equation and a differential equation involving derivatives with respect to more
than one independent variables is called a partial differential equation.
(iii) Order of a differential equation is the order of the highest order derivative
occurring in the differential equation.
(iv) Degree of a differential equation is defined if it is a polynomial equation in its
derivatives.
(v) Degree (when defined) of a differential equation is the highest power (positive
integer only) of the highest order derivative in it.
(vi) A relation between involved variables, which satisfy the given differential
equation is called its solution. The solution which contains as many arbitrary
constants as the order of the differential equation is called the general solution
and the solution free from arbitrary constants is called particular solution.
(vii) To form a differential equation from a given function, we differentiate the
function successively as many times as the number of arbitrary constants in the
given function and then eliminate the arbitrary constants.
(viii) The order of a differential equation representing a family of curves is same as
the number of arbitrary constants present in the equation corresponding to the
family of curves.
(ix) ‘Variable separable method’ is used to solve such an equation in which variables
can be separated completely, i.e., terms containing x should remain with dx and
terms containing y should remain with dy.
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(x) A function F (x, y) is said to be a homogeneous function of degree n if

F (λx, λy )= λn F (x, y) for some non-zero constant λ.

dy
(xi) A differential equation which can be expressed in the form = F (x, y) or
dx
dx
= G (x, y), where F (x, y) and G (x, y) are homogeneous functions of degree
dy
zero, is called a homogeneous differential equation.

dy
(xii) To solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type = F (x, y), we make
dx
substitution y = vx and to solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type
dx
= G (x, y), we make substitution x = vy.
dy

dy
(xiii) A differential equation of the form + Py = Q, where P and Q are constants or
dx
functions of x only is known as a first order linear differential equation. Solution
of such a differential equation is given by y (I.F.) = ∫ ( Q × I.F.) dx + C, where
I.F. (Integrating Factor) = e ∫ .
Pdx

dx
(xiv) Another form of first order linear differential equation is + P1x = Q1, where
dy
P1 and Q1 are constants or functions of y only. Solution of such a differential
equation is given by x (I.F.) = ∫ ( Q1 × I.F.) dy + C, where I.F. = e∫ P dy .
1

9.2 Solved Examples

Short Answer (S.A.)
Example 1 Find the differential equation of the family of curves y = Ae2x + B.e–2x.
Solution y = Ae2x + B.e–2x
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 181

dy d2y
= 2Ae2x – 2 B.e–2x and = 4Ae2x + 4Be–2x
dx dx 2

d2y d2y
Thus = 4y i.e., – 4y = 0.
dx 2 dx 2

dy y
Example 2 Find the general solution of the differential equation = .
dx x

dy y dy dx dy dx
Solution = ⇒ = ⇒ =
dx x y x y x
⇒ logy = logx + logc ⇒ y = cx

dy
Example 3 Given that = yex and x = 0, y = e. Find the value of y when x = 1.
dx

dy dy
Solution = yex ⇒ = e x dx ⇒ logy = ex + c
dx y

Substituting x = 0 and y = e,we get loge = e0 + c, i.e., c = 0 (∵ loge = 1)

Therefore, log y = ex.
Now, substituting x = 1 in the above, we get log y = e ⇒ y = ee.

dy y
Example 4 Solve the differential equation + = x2.
dx x

dy
Solution The equation is of the type + Py = Q , which is a linear differential
dx
equation.

1
Now I.F. = ∫ x dx = e logx
= x.

Therefore, solution of the given differential equation is

 182 MATHEMATICS

x4
y.x = x x 2 dx , i.e. yx = c
4

x3 c
Hence y = .
4 x
Example 5 Find the differential equation of the family of lines through the origin.

dy
Solution Let y = mx be the family of lines through origin. Therefore, =m
dx

dy dy
Eliminating m, we get y = . x or x – y = 0.
dx dx
Example 6 Find the differential equation of all non-horizontal lines in a plane.
Solution The general equation of all non-horizontal lines in a plane is
ax + by = c, where a ≠ 0.
dx
Therefore, a b = 0.
dy
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. y, we get
d2x d 2x
a = 0 ⇒ = 0.
dy 2 dy 2
Example 7 Find the equation of a curve whose tangent at any point on it, different
y
from origin, has slope y .
x

dy y 1
Solution Given y = y 1
dx x x

dy 1
⇒ 1 dx
y x

Integrating both sides, we get

y
logy = x + logx + c ⇒ log =x+c
x
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 183

y y
⇒ = ex + c = ex.ec ⇒ = k . ex
x x
⇒ y = kx . ex.
Long Answer (L.A.)
Example 8 Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (1, 1) if the
perpendicular distance of the origin from the normal at any point P(x, y) of the curve
is equal to the distance of P from the x – axis.

– dx
Solution Let the equation of normal at P(x, y) be Y – y = dy ( X – x ) ,i.e.,

dx dx
Y+ X – y x =0 ...(1)
dy dy
Therefore, the length of perpendicular from origin to (1) is

dx
y x
dy
2
...(2)
dx
1
dy

Also distance between P and x-axis is |y|. Thus, we get

dx
y x
dy
2
= |y|
dx
1
dy

2 2
⎛ dx ⎞ dx dx dx 2 dx
⇒ ⎜ y+x ⎟ = y 1
2
⇒ x – y2 2 xy 0 ⇒ 0
⎝ dy ⎠ dy dy dy dy

dx 2 xy
or = 2 2
dy y –x
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dx
Case I: = 0 ⇒ dx = 0
dy

Integrating both sides, we get x = k, Substituting x = 1, we get k = 1.

Therefore, x = 1 is the equation of curve (not possible, so rejected).

dx 2x y dy y 2 x2
Case II: = 2 2 . Substituting y = vx, we get
dy y x dx 2 xy

dv v 2 x 2 x 2 dv v 2 1
v x ⇒ x. v
dx 2vx 2 dx 2v

−(1 + v 2 ) 2v
dv
dx
= ⇒
2v 1 v2 x

Integrating both sides, we get

log (1 + v2) = – logx + logc ⇒ log (1 + v2) (x) = log c ⇒ (1 + v2) x = c
⇒ x2 + y2 = cx. Substituting x = 1, y = 1, we get c = 2.
Therefore, x2 + y2 – 2x = 0 is the required equation.

Example 9 Find the equation of a curve passing through 1, if the slope of the
4

y y
tangent to the curve at any point P (x, y) is − cos 2 .
x x
Solution According to the given condition

dy y y
= − cos 2 ... (i)
dx x x

This is a homogeneous differential equation. Substituting y = vx, we get

dv dv
v+x = v – cos2v ⇒ x = – cos2v
dx dx
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 185

dx
⇒ sec2v dv = − ⇒ tan v = – logx + c
x

y
⇒ tan + log x = c ...(ii)
x

Substituting x = 1, y = , we get. c = 1. Thus, we get

4

y
tan + log x = 1, which is the required equation.
x

2 dy ⎛ y⎞ π
Example 10 Solve x xy = 1 + cos ⎜ ⎟ , x ≠ 0 and x = 1, y =
dx ⎝x⎠ 2

Solution Given equation can be written as

dy ⎛ y ⎞
x2 xy = 2cos2 ⎜ ⎟ , x ≠ 0.
dx ⎝ 2x ⎠

dy
x2 xy y
dx 1 sec 2
⇒ y ⇒ 2x dy
2cos 2 x2 xy 1
2x 2 dx

Dividing both sides by x3 , we get

⎛ y ⎞
sec 2 ⎜ ⎟ ⎡ x dy − y ⎤
⎝ 2 x ⎠ ⎢ dx ⎥ 1
⎥= 3
d y 1
⎢ 2 ⇒ tan
2 ⎢ x ⎥ x dx 2x x3
⎣ ⎦

Integrating both sides, we get

y 1
tan k.
2x 2 x2
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Substituting x = 1, y = , we get
2

3 y 1 3
k= , therefore, tan is the required solution.
2 2x 2 x2 2

Example 11 State the type of the differential equation for the equation.
xdy – ydx = x2 y 2 dx and solve it.

Solution Given equation can be written as xdy = x2 y2 y dx , i.e.,

dy x2 y2 y
... (1)
dx x

Clearly RHS of (1) is a homogeneous function of degree zero. Therefore, the given
equation is a homogeneous differential equation. Substituting y = vx, we get from (1)

dv x2 v2 x2 vx dv
v x i.e. v x 1 v2 v
dx x dx

dv dv dx
x 1 v2 ⇒ 2 x ... (2)
dx 1 v

Integrating both sides of (2), we get

log (v + 1 v 2 ) = logx + logc ⇒ v + 1 v 2 = cx

y y2
⇒ + 1 2 = cx ⇒ y+ x2 y 2 = cx2
x x
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 187

Objective Type Questions

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Examples 12 to 21.

2
dy ⎞ ⎛ d 2 y ⎞
3
⎛
Example 12 The degree of the differential equation ⎜1 + ⎟ =⎜ ⎟ is
⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx 2 ⎠

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Solution The correct answer is (B).
Example 13 The degree of the differential equation

d2y ⎛ dy ⎞
2
⎛ d2y ⎞
+ 3 ⎜ ⎟ = x 2
log ⎜ 2 ⎟ is
dx 2 ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) not defined

Solution Correct answer is (D). The given differential equation is not a polynomial
equation in terms of its derivatives, so its degree is not defined.

2
⎡ ⎛ dy ⎞ 2 ⎤ d 2 y
Example 14 The order and degree of the differential equation ⎢1+ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ = 2
⎢⎣ ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎥⎦ dx
respectively, are
(A) 1, 2 (B) 2, 2 (C) 2, 1 (D) 4, 2
Solution Correct answer is (C).
Example 15 The order of the differential equation of all circles of given radius a is:
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Solution Correct answer is (B). Let the equation of given family be
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = a2 . It has two orbitrary constants h and k. Threrefore, the order of
the given differential equation will be 2.

dy
Example 16 The solution of the differential equation 2 x . – y = 3 represents a family of
dx
(A) straight lines (B) circles (C) parabolas (D) ellipses
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Solution Correct answer is (C). Given equation can be written as

2dy dx
y 3 x ⇒ 2log (y + 3) = logx + logc

⇒ (y + 3)2 = cx which represents the family of parabolas

Example 17 The integrating factor of the differential equation

dy
(x log x) + y = 2logx is
dx
(A) ex (B) log x (C) log (log x) (D) x

dy y 2
Solution Correct answer is (B). Given equation can be written as dx x log x x .

1
I.F. = ∫ x log x
dx
Therefore, = elog (logx) = log x.
e

2
dy dy
Example 18 A solution of the differential equation x y 0 is
dx dx

(A) y = 2 (B) y = 2x (C) y = 2x – 4 (D) y = 2x2 – 4

Solution Correct answer is (C).
Example 19 Which of the following is not a homogeneous function of x and y.

2 y y
(A) x2 + 2xy (B) 2x – y (C) cos (D) sinx – cosy
x x

Solution Correct answer is (D).

dx dy
Example 20 Solution of the differential equation x + y = 0 is

1 1
(A) x + y = c (B) logx . logy = c (C) xy = c (D) x + y = c

Solution Correct answer is (C). From the given equation, we get logx + logy = logc
giving xy = c.
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 189

dy
Example 21 The solution of the differential equation x 2 y x 2 is
dx

x2 + c x2 x4 + c x4 + c
(A) y = (B) y = +c (C) y = (D) y =
4 x2 4 x2 4 x2

2
dx 2
Solution Correct answer is (D). I.F. = e x e2log x elog x x 2 . Therefore, the solution

x4 x4 c
∫ x .xdx = + k , i.e., y =
2
is y . x2 = .
4 4 x2

Example 22 Fill in the blanks of the following:

(i) Order of the differential equation representing the family of parabolas
y2 = 4ax is __________ .
2
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ d y ⎞
3 2
(ii) The degree of the differential equation ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟ = 0 is ________ .
+
⎝ dx ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠
(iii) The number of arbitrary constants in a particular solution of the differential
equation tan x dx + tan y dy = 0 is __________ .

x2 + y 2 + y
(iv) F (x, y) = is a homogeneous function of degree__________ .
x
(v) An appropriate substitution to solve the differential equation

x
x 2 log x2
dx y
= is__________ .
dy x
xy log
y

dy
(vi) Integrating factor of the differential equation x − y = sinx is __________ .
dx
dy
(vii) The general solution of the differential equation = e x − y is __________ .
dx
 190 MATHEMATICS

dy y
(viii) The general solution of the differential equation + =1 is __________ .
dx x
(ix) The differential equation representing the family of curves y = A sinx + B
cosx is __________ .
2 x
e y dx
(x) 1( x 0) when written in the form dy + Py = Q , then
x x dy dx
P = __________ .
Solution
(i) One; a is the only arbitrary constant.
(ii) Two; since the degree of the highest order derivative is two.
(iii) Zero; any particular solution of a differential equation has no arbitrary constant.
(iv) Zero.
(v) x = vy.
1 dy y sin x
(vi) ; given differential equation can be written as − = and therefore
x dx x x
1
dx
1
I.F. = e x = e–logx =
.
x
(vii) ey = ex + c from given equation, we have eydy = exdx.
x2 1 x2
(viii) xy = c ; I.F. = x
dx
= elogx = x and the solution is y . x = x .1 dx = +C.
2 e 2

d2y
(ix) + y = 0; Differentiating the given function w.r.t. x successively, we get
dx 2

dy d2y
= Acosx – Bsinx and = –Asinx – Bcosx
dx dx 2

d2y
⇒ + y = 0 is the differential equation.
dx 2
1
(x) ; the given equation can be written as
x
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 191

dy e –2 x y dy y e –2 x
= i.e. + =
dx x x dx x x

dy
This is a differential equation of the type + Py = Q.
dx
Example 23 State whether the following statements are True or False.
(i) Order of the differential equation representing the family of ellipses having
centre at origin and foci on x-axis is two.

d2y dy
(ii) Degree of the differential equation 1+ 2 =x+ is not defined.
dx dx

dy dy
(iii) y 5 is a differential equation of the type + Py = Q but it can be solved
dx dx
using variable separable method also.

⎛y⎞
y cos ⎜ ⎟+ x
⎝x⎠
(iv) F(x, y) = ⎛ y ⎞ is not a homogeneous function.
x cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝x⎠

x2 y 2
(v) F(x, y) = is a homogeneous function of degree 1.
x y

dy
(vi) Integrating factor of the differential equation y cos x is ex.
dx
(vii) The general solution of the differential equation x(1 + y2)dx + y (1 + x2)dy = 0
is (1 + x2) (1 + y2) = k.

dy
(viii) The general solution of the differential equation + y sec x = tanx is
dx
y (secx – tanx) = secx – tanx + x + k.

dy
(ix) x + y = tan–1y is a solution of the differential equation y2 y2 1 0
dx
 192 MATHEMATICS

d 2 y 2 dy
(x) y = x is a particular solution of the differential equation x xy x .
dx 2 dx

Solution

x2 y2
(i) True, since the equation representing the given family is 1 , which
a2 b2
has two arbitrary constants.
(ii) True, because it is not a polynomial equation in its derivatives.
(iii) True
(iv) True, because f ( λx, λy) = λ° f (x, y).
(v) True, because f ( λx, λy) = λ1 f (x, y).

1dx
(vi) False, because I.F = e e– x .

(vii) True, because given equation can be written as

2x 2y
2
dx dy
1 x 1 y2

⇒ log (1 + x2) = – log (1 + y2) + log k

⇒ (1 + x2) (1 + y2) = k

sec xdx
(viii) False, since I.F. = e elog(sec x tan x ) = secx + tanx, the solution is,

∫ ( sec x tan x + sec x − 1) dx

2
y (secx + tanx) = (sec x tan x) tan xdx = =

secx + tanx – x +k

dy 1 dy
(ix) True, x + y = tan–1y ⇒ 1
dx 1 y 2 dx

dy ⎛ 1 ⎞ dy (1 y 2 )
⇒ ⎜ – 1⎟ =1 , i.e., which satisfies the given equation.
⎝ 1+ y y2
2
dx ⎠ dx
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 193

(x) False, because y = x does not satisfy the given differential equation.
9.3 EXERCISE
Short Answer (S.A.)
dy
1. Find the solution of 2y x .
dx
2. Find the differential equation of all non vertical lines in a plane.
dy
3. Given that e 2 y and y = 0 when x = 5.
dx
Find the value of x when y = 3.
dy 1
4. Solve the differential equation (x2 – 1) + 2xy = 2 .
dx x 1

dy
5. Solve the differential equation 2 xy y
dx
dy
6. Find the general solution of ay emx
dx
dy
7. Solve the differential equation 1 ex y
dx
8. Solve: ydx – xdy = x2ydx.
dy
9. Solve the differential equation = 1 + x + y2 + xy2, when y = 0, x = 0.
dx
dy
10. Find the general solution of (x + 2y3) = y.
dx
2 sin x dy
11. If y(x) is a solution of = – cosx and y (0) = 1, then find the value
1 y dx

of y .
2
dy
12. If y(t) is a solution of (1 + t) – ty = 1 and y (0) = – 1, then show that
dt
1
y (1) = – .
2
 194 MATHEMATICS

13. Form the differential equation having y = (sin–1x)2 + Acos–1x + B, where A and B
are arbitrary constants, as its general solution.
14. Form the differential equation of all circles which pass through origin and whose
centres lie on y-axis.
15. Find the equation of a curve passing through origin and satisfying the differential
2 dy
equation (1 x ) 2 xy 4 x 2 .
dx
dy
16. Solve : x2 = x2 + xy + y2.
dx
dy
17. Find the general solution of the differential equation (1 + y2) + (x – etan–1y) = 0.
dx
18. Find the general solution of y2dx + (x2 – xy + y2) dy = 0.
19. Solve : (x + y) (dx – dy) = dx + dy.[Hint: Substitute x + y = z after seperating dx
and dy]
dy
20. Solve : 2 (y + 3) – xy = 0, given that y (1) = – 2.
dx
21. Solve the differential equation dy = cosx (2 – y cosecx) dx given that y = 2 when
π
x= .
2
22. Form the differential equation by eliminating A and B in Ax2 + By2 = 1.
23. Solve the differential equation (1 + y2) tan–1x dx + 2y (1 + x2) dy = 0.
24. Find the differential equation of system of concentric circles with centre (1, 2).
Long Answer (L.A.)
d
25. Solve : y + ( xy ) = x (sinx + logx)
dx
26. Find the general solution of (1 + tany) (dx – dy) + 2xdy = 0.
dy
27. Solve : = cos(x + y) + sin (x + y).[Hint: Substitute x + y = z]
dx
dy
28. Find the general solution of 3 y sin 2 x .
dx
29. Find the equation of a curve passing through (2, 1) if the slope of the tangent to
x2 y2
the curve at any point (x, y) is .
2 xy
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 195

30. Find the equation of the curve through the point (1, 0) if the slope of the tangent
y 1
to the curve at any point (x, y) is .
x2 x
31. Find the equation of a curve passing through origin if the slope of the tangent to
the curve at any point (x, y) is equal to the square of the difference of the abcissa
and ordinate of the point.
32. Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (1, 1). If the tangent
drawn at any point P (x, y) on the curve meets the co-ordinate axes at A and B
such that P is the mid-point of AB.
dy
33. Solve : x y (log y – log x + 1)
dx
Objective Type
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in each of the Exercises from
34 to 75 (M.C.Q)
2 2
d2y dy dy
34. The degree of the differential equation x sin is:
dx 2 dx dx
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) not defined
3
2 2
dy d2y
35. The degree of the differential equation 1 is
dx dx 2

3
(A) 4 (B) (C) not defined (D) 2
2
1
1
d2y dy 4
36. The order and degree of the differential equation + x5 0,
dx 2 dx
respectively, are
(A) 2 and not defined (B) 2 and 2 (C) 2 and 3 (D) 3 and 3

37. If y = e–x (Acosx + Bsinx), then y is a solution of

d2y dy d2y dy
(A) 2
2 0 (B) 2
−2 + 2y = 0
dx dx dx dx

d2y dy d2y
(C) 2
2 2y 0 (D) + 2y =0
dx dx dx 2
 196 MATHEMATICS

38. The differential equation for y = Acos αx + Bsin αx, where A and B are arbitrary
constants is
d2y 2 d2y 2
(A) y 0 (B) y 0
dx 2 dx 2

d2y d2y
(C) y 0 (D) y 0
dx 2 dx 2
39. Solution of differential equation xdy – ydx = 0 represents :
(A) a rectangular hyperbola
(B) parabola whose vertex is at origin
(C) straight line passing through origin
(D) a circle whose centre is at origin
dy
40. Integrating factor of the differential equation cosx + ysinx = 1 is :
dx
(A) cosx (B) tanx (C) secx (D) sinx
41. Solution of the differential equation tany sec2x dx + tanx sec2ydy = 0 is :

(A) tanx + tany = k (B) tanx – tany = k

tan x
(C) k (D) tanx . tany = k
tan y

42. Family y = Ax + A3 of curves is represented by the differential equation of degree

:

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

xdy
43. Integrating factor of – y = x4 – 3x is :
dx
1
(A) x (B) logx (C) (D) – x
x
dy
44. Solution of y 1 , y (0) = 1 is given by
dx
(A) xy = – ex (B) xy = – e–x (C) xy = – 1 (D) y = 2 ex – 1
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 197

dy y +1
45. The number of solutions of dx = x −1 when y (1) = 2 is :

(A) none (B) one (C) two (D) infinite

46. Which of the following is a second order differential equation?

(A) (y′)2 + x = y2 (B) y′y′′ + y = sinx

(C) y′′′ + (y′′)2 + y = 0 (D) y′ = y2

dy
47. Integrating factor of the differential equation (1 – x2) − xy =1 is
dx
x 1
(A) – x (B) (C) 1 x 2 log (1 – x2)
(D)
1 x2 2
48. tan–1 x + tan–1 y = c is the general solution of the differential equation:
dy 1 + y 2 dy 1 + x 2
(A) = (B) =
dx 1 + x 2 dx 1 + y 2
(C) (1 + x2) dy + (1 + y2) dx = 0 (D) (1 + x2) dx + (1 + y2) dy = 0
dy
49. The differential equation y + x = c represents :
dx
(A) Family of hyperbolas (B) Family of parabolas
(C) Family of ellipses (D) Family of circles
50. The general solution of ex cosy dx – ex siny dy = 0 is :
(A) ex cosy = k (B) ex siny = k
(C) ex = k cosy (D) ex = k siny
3
d 2 y ⎛ dy ⎞
51. The degree of the differential equation + ⎜ ⎟ + 6 y 5 = 0 is :
⎝ dx ⎠
2
dx
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
dy
52. The solution of + y = e – x , y (0) = 0 is :
dx
(A) y = ex (x – 1) (B) y = xe–x
–x
(C) y = xe + 1 (D) y = (x + 1)e–x
 198 MATHEMATICS

dy
53. Integrating factor of the differential equation y tan x – sec x 0 is:
dx
(A) cosx (B) secx
(C) ecosx (D) esecx

dy 1 y 2
54. The solution of the differential equation is:
dx 1 x 2
(A) y = tan–1x (B) y – x = k (1 + xy)
(C) x = tan–1y (D) tan (xy) = k
dy 1+ y
55. The integrating factor of the differential equation +y = is:
dx x
x ex
(A) (B)
ex x
(C) xex (D) ex
56. y = aemx + be–mx satisfies which of the following differential equation?
dy dy
(A) my 0 (B) my 0
dx dx

d2y d2y
(C) m2 y 0 (D) m2 y 0
dx 2 dx 2

57. The solution of the differential equation cosx siny dx + sinx cosy dy = 0 is :
sin x
(A) c (B) sinx siny = c
sin y
(C) sinx + siny = c (D) cosx cosy = c
dy
58. The solution of x + y = ex is:
dx

ex k
(A) y = (B) y = xex + cx
x x

x
ey k
(C) y = xe + k (D) x =
y y
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 199

59. The differential equation of the family of curves x2 + y2 – 2ay = 0, where a is

arbitrary constant, is:

dy dy
(A) (x2 – y2) = 2xy (B) 2 (x2 + y2) = xy
dx dx

dy dy
(C) 2 (x2 – y2) = xy (D) (x2 + y2) = 2xy
dx dx
60. Family y = Ax + A3 of curves will correspond to a differential equation of order
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) not defined

dy
= 2x e x − y is :
2
61. The general solution of
dx
2
−y 2
(A) e x =c (B) e–y + e x = c
2 2
(C) ey = e x + c (D) e x +y
=c
62. The curve for which the slope of the tangent at any point is equal to the ratio of
the abcissa to the ordinate of the point is :
(A) an ellipse (B) parabola
(C) circle (D) rectangular hyperbola
x2
dy
63. The general solution of the differential equation e 2 + xy is :
dx
x2 x2
(A) y ce 2 (B) y ce 2

x2 x2
(C) y = ( x + c) e 2 (D) y (c x)e 2

64. The solution of the equation (2y – 1) dx – (2x + 3)dy = 0 is :

2x 1 2 y +1
(A) 2 y 3 k (B) 2 x − 3 = k

2x 3 2x 1
(C) 2 y 1 k (D) 2 y 1 k
 200 MATHEMATICS

65. The differential equation for which y = acosx + bsinx is a solution, is :

d2y d2y
(A) +y=0 (B) –y=0
dx 2 dx 2

d2y d2y
(C) + (a + b) y = 0 (D) + (a – b) y = 0
dx 2 dx 2
dy
66. The solution of + y = e–x, y (0) = 0 is :
dx
(A) y = e–x (x – 1) (B) y = xex
(C) y = xe–x + 1 (D) y = xe–x

67. The order and degree of the differential equation

2 4
d3y d2y dy
3 2 2 y 4 are :
dx3 dx dx

(A) 1, 4 (B) 3, 4 (C) 2, 4 (D) 3, 2

⎡ ⎛ dy ⎞ 2 ⎤ d 2 y
68. The order and degree of the differential equation ⎢1 + ⎜ dx ⎟ ⎥ = dx 2 are :
⎢⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎦

3
(A) 2, (B) 2, 3 (C) 2, 1 (D) 3, 4
2
69. The differential equation of the family of curves y2 = 4a (x + a) is :
dy ⎛ dy ⎞ dy
(A) y = 4 ⎜ x+ ⎟
2
(B) 2 y 4a
dx ⎝ dx ⎠ dx
2 2
d2y dy dy ⎛ dy ⎞
(C) y 2 0 (D) 2 x + y⎜ ⎟ – y
dx dx dx ⎝ dx ⎠

d2y dy
70. Which of the following is the general solution of 2
−2 + y = 0?
dx dx
(A) y = (Ax + B)ex (B) y = (Ax + B)e–x
(C) y = Aex + Be–x (D) y = Acosx + Bsinx
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 201

dy
71. General solution of + y tan x = sec x is :
dx
(A) y secx = tanx + c (B) y tanx = secx + c
(C) tanx = y tanx + c (D) x secx = tany + c

dy y
72. Solution of the differential equation sin x is :
dx x
(A) x (y + cosx) = sinx + c (B) x (y – cosx) = sinx + c
(C) xy cosx = sinx + c (D) x (y + cosx) = cosx + c
73. The general solution of the differential equation (ex + 1) ydy = (y + 1) exdx is:
(A) (y + 1) = k (ex + 1) (B) y + 1 = ex + 1 + k
ex 1
x
(C) y = log {k (y + 1) (e + 1)} (D) y log k
y 1

dy
74. The solution of the differential equation = ex–y + x2 e–y is :
dx
x3
(A) y = ex–y – x2 e–y + c (B) ey – ex = +c
3
x3 x3
(C) ex + ey = +c (D) ex – ey = +c
3 3
dy 2 xy 1
75. The solution of the differential equation dx is :
1 x2 (1 x 2 )2

y
(A) y (1 + x2) = c + tan–1x (B) = c + tan–1x
1 x2
(C) y log (1 + x2) = c + tan–1x (D) y (1 + x2) = c + sin–1x
76. Fill in the blanks of the following (i to xi)
dy
d 2 y dx
(i) The degree of the differential equation e 0 is _________.
dx 2
2
dy
(ii) The degree of the differential equation 1 x is _________.
dx
 202 MATHEMATICS

(iii) The number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of a differential

equation of order three is _________.

dy y 1
(iv) is an equation of the type _________.
dx x log x x

dx
(v) General solution of the differential equation of the type dy + P1 x = Q1

is given by _________.

xdy
(vi) The solution of the differential equation 2 y x 2 is _________.
dx

dy
(vii) The solution of (1 + x2) +2xy – 4x2 = 0 is _________.
dx
(viii) The solution of the differential equation ydx + (x + xy)dy = 0 is ______.

dy
(ix) General solution of y = sinx is _________.
dx
(x) The solution of differential equation coty dx = xdy is _________.
dy 1 y
(xi) The integrating factor of y is _________.
dx x
77. State True or False for the following:
dx
(i) Integrating factor of the differential of the form dy + p1 x = Q1 is given

by e ∫ p1dy .

dx
(ii) Solution of the differential equation of the type dy + p1 x = Q1 is given

by x.I.F. = (I.F) Q1dy .

(iii) Correct substitution for the solution of the differential equation of the
dy
type f ( x, y ) , where f (x, y) is a homogeneous function of zero
dx
degree is y = vx.
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 203

(iv) Correct substitution for the solution of the differential equation of the
dx
type g ( x, y ) where g (x, y) is a homogeneous function of the
dy
degree zero is x = vy.
(v) Number of arbitrary constants in the particular solution of a differential
equation of order two is two.
(vi) The differential equation representing the family of circles
x2 + (y – a)2 = a2 will be of order two.

1
dy y 3 2 2
(vii) The solution of is y 3 – x 3 = c.
dx x

(viii) Differential equation representing the family of curves

d2y dy
y = ex (Acosx + Bsinx) is 2
–2 2y 0
dx dx

dy x + 2 y
(ix) The solution of the differential equation = is x + y = kx2.
dx x

xdy y y
(x) Solution of y x tan is sin cx
dx x x

(xi) The differential equation of all non horizontal lines in a plane is

d2x
=0 .
dy 2