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Types of Cements
“OPC” Ordinary Portland Cement
“SRC“Sulphate Resistance Cement “SRC”
”PPC” Portland-Pozzolana Cement
“RHC” Rapid Hardening Cement
“LHC” Low Heat Cement
“PSC” Portland Slag Cement
White Cement
Cement
• Main two types are:
• Tricalcium silicate
• Di-calcium silicate
• Tri-calcium aluminate
• Tetra calcium alumino ferrite.
Important Notes
Ultimate strength to cement is provided by
Di-calcium silicate
Setting time:
- Initial 45 minutes.
- Final 10 hours.
Portland Cement Setting Time
Time
Test Method Set Type
Specification
Initial ≥ 45 minutes
Vicat
Final ≤ 375 minutes
Soundness
• refers to the ability of cement paste to retain
its volume after it has get hardened.
... Soundness of cement is the property by
virtue of which the cement does not undergo
any significant expansion (or change in
volume) after it has set, thus eliminating any
chances of disrupting the mortar or concrete.
Bleeding
• Admixtures
Strength of concrete primarily depends on
- Quality of water
- Quality of aggregates
- Quantity of cement
- W / C ratio
Concrete hydration means
• Reaction between cement and water
Gradation
Describes the particle size distribution of the
aggregates
Why steel is used as reinforcement in R .Concrete
• Main bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm (HYSD) or 10 mm (Plain
bars) and the distributors not less than 8 mm and not more than 1/8 of
slab thickness.
Important Notes
• Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm.
• Dimension tolerance for cubes + 2 mm.
• Free fall of concrete is allowed maximum to 1.50m.
• Lap slices not be used for bar larger than 36 mm.
• Water absorption of bricks should not be more than 15 %.
• PH value of the water should not be less than 6.
• Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N / mm2.
• In steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8 kg per MT.
• In soil filling as per IS code, 3 samples should be taken for
core cutting test for every 100m2.
Density of Materials
Material Density
Bricks 1600 – 1920 kg/m3
Concrete block 1920 kg/ m3
1 – 5 m3 1 No’s
6 -- 15 m3 2 No’s
16 – 30 m3 3 No’s
31 – 50 m3 4 No’s