International Journal of Trend in Scientific

Research and Development (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 5

Smart A
AC Power Management
Priya Bhagat1, Shavet Sharma2
1
Scholar, 2Assistant Professor
M.Tech Scholar
Department of Electrical Engineering, Sri Sai College of Engineering & Technology
Badhani, Pathankot, Punjab, India

ABSTRACT
In our state we are facing tremendous problems in
terms of electricity shortage. We are rich as producers
but not getting the desired because of miss use of
electricity. The solution is only the smart concept
which cann be achieved using the latest and modern
technologies. In this paper I am describing some
modern technologies like IOT and Microcontrollers
and how to use such technologies for AC Power
Management.
KEYWORD: Sensor, IOT, SCR.
I. INTRODUCTION
Smart buildings are the buildings which are fully
automated, with the electronic gadgets of the house
connected to a personal area network, with Wi Wi-Fi
facility being available for the building for 24/7 and
hence the electric and electronic appliances in the
house can be accessed via internet across the world.
Electrical power is the crucial power and needs to be
conserved so that the future generations also can
access this energy. Hence electrical power
management becomes a very important aspect for
conservation of energy.. When we have smart
buildings, then the power management with the
application of Internet of Things using Wireless
Sensor Networks becomes an achievable job. It is
often desired to control the power fed to a load using
electronic methods. Such methods permit a fine
control of power with better efficiency than electrical
methods. Semiconductor devices that are often used to
control the flow of current in a circu
circuit are diodes,
diode ac (Diac) Thyristors or Silicon Controlled
Rectifier (SCR) and Triode ac (Triac). Diodes only
conduct when it is forward biased and have no
external control of the start of conduction. Thyristors
allow control of the start of conduction
conductio in the positive
half-cycle
cycle of an AC voltage but rely on periodic
reversal of current to turn them off. Triac on the other
hand has the ability to conduct current in both half
cycles by using positive or negative gate pulse which
provides control on the start of conduction; therefore
it can be used to provide a control of power in ac
circuits of lighting equipment, hot-air
hot oven, electric
incubator and electric heater and in universal single
phase ac motor. In these systems, power is controlled
by means off phase angle variation of the conduction
period through the setting of different firing times
corresponding to different firing angles. As per the
concept of Firing Angle Control Thyristors, we can
control the AC power and the display unit can be used
to display any percentage of power utilized or full
power. The consumers can even enter any percentage
to lower down the power to the load.
II. AC POWER MANAGEMENT
Most of the home based appliances are based on AC
power. For smooth operations of loads it is mandatory
man
to control the AC power supplied to them and this can
be achieved by managing the operation of the power
electronic switches like SCR.
The two methods to control switching operation of
SCR are Phase Control Method and Integral Cycle
Switching.
III. TECHNOLOGY
CHNOLOGY FOR SMART AC
POWER MANAGEMENT
As we know the smartness can be only achieved by
deploying latest technologies and in AC Power
Management Microcontroller concept is on top
priority based on different types of sensors used to

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Aug 2018 Page: 2416
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
detect and respond to electrical or optical signals. We
have different types of sensors available and are
classified based on the quantities such as electric
current or magnetic or radio sensors, Humidity sensor,
Fluid velocity or Flow sensors, Pressure sensors,
Thermal or Heat or Temperature sensors, Proximity
sensors, Optical sensors, Position sensors, Chemical
sensor, Environment sensor, Magnetic switch sensor
etc. The popular Microcontroller is 8051 series but in
this paper I am going to explore the architecture of
PIC Microcontroller. The IOT is also one of the latest
and most popular technologies today used to control
the hardware remotely using the famous network the
Internet Technology.
IV. PIC ARCHITECTURE
Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) provided by
Micro-chip Technology to categorize its solitary chip
microcontrollers. These appliances have been
extremely successful in 8 bit micro-controllers. The
foremost cause behind it is that Micro-chip
Technology has been constantly upgrading the
appliance architecture and included much required
peripherals to the micro-controller to go well with
clientele necessities. PIC microcontrollers are very
popular amid hobbyists and industrialists; this is only
cause of wide availability, low cost, large user base &
serial programming capability. The architecture of the
8 bit PIC microcontrollers can be categorized as
below:
1. Base Line Architecture:
In the base-line architecture PIC microcontrollers of
PIC10F family is included, other than that a fraction
of PIC12 & PIC16 families are also included. These
gadgets make use of 12 bit program word architecture
with six to twenty-eight pin package alternatives.
Briefly defined attribute set of baseline architecture
allows the most lucrative product solutions. This
architecture is perfect for battery enabled gadgets. The
PIC10F200 series is another reasonably priced 8 bit
flash micro-controller with a 6 pin package.
2. Mid-Range Architecture:
In this midline member of PIC12 & PIC16 families
are added that attribute 14 bit program word
architecture. The midrange PIC16 gadgets proffer a
broad variety of package alternatives (from 8 to 64
package), with low to high levels of peripheral
incorporation. This PIC16 appliance attributes a
variety of analog, digital & serial peripherals, like-
SPI, USART, I2C, USB, LCD & A/D converters. The
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2018
mid-range PIC16 micro-controllers have suspended
controlling ability with an eight level hardware load.
3. High Performance Architecture:
The high performance architecture included the PIC18
family of appliances. These micro-controllers make
use of 16 bit program word architecture along with 18
to 100 pin package alternatives. The PIC18 appliances
are high performance micro-controllers with
incorporated Analog to Digital converters. All PIC18
micro-controllers integrate a highly developed RISC
architecture that supports flash appliances. The PIC18
has improved foundation attributes, 32 level deep load
and several inner and exterior interrupts.
V. CONCLUSION:
In this paper I have briefly described technical
aspectsfor AC Power Management. The paper
describes the need of AC Power Management and
how to deploy technologies like IOT and
Microcontrollers to make possibility of smart AC
Power Management. The paper also describes the PIC
Microcontroller and its architecture.
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