BMM2683 APPLIED

THERMODYNAMICS

ASSIGNMENT 1

Name : LIYANA NABILAH BT AHMAD NASUHARDI

Matric No: HB16011
Section: 01
Lecturer : Dr. Yusof Taib
Submission Date :
Summary of Otto Cycle and Diesel Cycle.

For Otto Cycle in 1950, Free-piston engine concept which is crankless internal
combustion engine development begins by US firm. In 1951, Texaco
Combustion Process that is a four stroke engines with a fuel injector have been
developed by the engineer from The Texas Company (Chevor Corporation). In
1954, DKM 54 of the Wankel engine is the first working prototype by Felix
Wankel’s.

In 1986, a patent protection for a form Scotch yoke engine have been file by
Benz Gmbh and begins development. But the development subsequently
abandoned. In 1996, a patent for compact turbine engine have been file by
Ford Motor Company.

In 2004, the Hyper-X first scramjet to maintain altitude and patent protection
have been file by Toyota Motor Corp for the new form of Scotch yoke engine.
For Diesel Cycle, in 1953, UK Fordson diesel is a major in tractor and Turbo-
diesel truck have been made by Mercedes in small series. In 1954, mass
production for Turbo-diesel truck by Volvo, it is first diesel engine with an
overhead cam shaft of Daimler Benz. EMD introduces turbocharging in 1958
for its 567 series of medium speed, high horsepower locomotive stationary and
marine engines. Every subsequent engine (645 and 710) would incorporate this
turbocharger. Coal fired steam engine and steam turbines have been displaced
by the diesel drive in 1960.

A diesel compression braking system was nicknamed “Jake Brake”, eventually

manufactured by Jacobs (of drill chuck fame) was invented and patented by
Clessie Cummins in between 1962-1965. The first 204 small cars with a
transversely mounted diesel engine and front wheel drive were introduced by
Peugeot in 1968.

In 1973 DAF produced an air-cooled diesel engine and in February 1976 to

1992 the Volkswagen Golf Passenger were tested for diesel engine. The
Cummins Common Rail injection system was further developed by the ETH
Zurich. In 1978, the first passenger car with a turbo-diesel engine (Mercedes-
Benz 300 SD) were produced by Mercedes-Benz and American car company
introduced the first passenger car with diesel engine. In 1979, the first Peugeot
604 turbo-diesel car were sold in Europe.

European Truck Common Rail system with the IFA truck type W50 were
introduced in 1986 and in 1986 the world’s first passenger car (BMW 524td)
equipped with an electronically controlled injection pump that was developed
by Bosch. In the same year, Fiat Croma was the first passenger car in the world
that have a direct injection which is a turbocharged diesel engines. The most
power production truck with a 460 hp (340kW) MAN diesel engines were made
in 1987.

Audi 100 was the first passenger car in world with a turbocharged direct
injection and electronic control diesel engine was made in 1989. The truck
diesel engine of Scania met with the European emission standard Euro 1 in
1991 and Volvo truck engines introduced the pump nozzle injection in 1993.
 In 1994, Bosch have made unit injector system for diesel engines and
Mercedes-Benz unveils the first automotive diesel engine with four valves per
cylinder. Four valves per cylinder have been utilized by medium speed high
horse power locomotive, ship and stationary diesel engines.

In 1995, common rail in production vehicle was the first successful by Denso in
Japan, Hino “Rising Ranger” truck. The first diesel engine with direct injection
and four valves per cylinder were used in Opel Vectra in 1996. The first
common rail diesel engine in a passenger car that is Alfa Romeo 156 were
made in 1997.