Acknowledgment:

We would like to express my deep appreciation to our doctor /Said Mogahed

For assigning us an important topic like medical robot as this types of robot is

crucially important application for robots in the last decades. So we hope that

this report could meet the level of expectations with the reader and would find it

both meaningful and helpful.

Executive Summary:

This report is talking about medical robots: their components, applications and
real life application robots. So without any further explanation let us talk about
details for this topic.
Table of Contents
Type chapter title (level 1) ........................................................................................................1
Type chapter title (level 2)......................................................................................................2
Type chapter title (level 3) .................................................................................................3
Type chapter title (level 1) ........................................................................................................4
Type chapter title (level 2)......................................................................................................5
Type chapter title (level 3) .................................................................................................6
3.1 Introduction about medical robots:

A medical robot is a robot that is used in medical sciences, treat people and help
in surgical operations these days they are called telemanipulators (uses the
surgical actions one side to control manipulators (effectors)

3.1.1 Types of medical robots:

1-Surgical robots: allow remote surgery where the surgeon is not present

And carry out the surgery with a better precision than a human

Figure1-Surgical Robots

2-Rehabilitation Robot: facilitate and support old people and disabled one

These robots are used in training and therapy.

3-Biorobots: these robots designed to imitate movements and cognition of

humans and animals

4-Telepresence robots: allow off-site medical professional to move, look around

5-Pharmacy automation: Robotic systems used in pharmacy setting to make oral

solids available when it is needed. (Beasley, 12 August 2012)
Figure2.Pharamceitical robot

6-Companion robot: alert his companion with health problems.

3.2 Medical robots components:

There are some components of robots that are usually found in many medical
robots applications:

3.2.1 Controllers:

Every robot need to connect with a controller that gives these robots the
commands to do its missions. Medical robots are one of the most complex robots
in general so it needs a strong processor to coop with image processing,
computer vision, complex algorithms and real time operating systems. One of the
most complex processors that can coop with these tasks is (Intel) as Nexcom
(controllers company).

3.2.2 Arm:

The arm is a part of robot that is used to control the end effector and sensors

Figure3-Scara vs anthropomorphic
In this picture it shows one of the most two popular mechanisms how those
mechanisms do their job.

3.2.3 Drive & actuator

Drive& actuators are one of the essential of making robots first let's discuss drives.

First of all drives are the electronic device that harnesses and controls the electrical
energy sent to the motor. The drive feeds electricity into the motor in varying
amounts and at varying frequencies, thereby indirectly controlling the motor’s speed
and torque. While actuators are the elements that cause the links to move (hydraulic
actuators, rotary motors, linearmotors…etc.).

3.2.4 End effector

End effector is the hand of the robot, also it is called the manipulator that do the
function of the robot and here there are some pictures of these end effector

1)

2)

3)
3.2.5) Sensors:

Sensors are the elements that resemble the nerves in the human being where signals
and data are transmitted to the controller and the controller can take the required
action according to the commands given to it by the programmer. There are many
types of sensors such as:

1-Mechanical Sensor: They are the types of sensor that measures the force and
torque and in our application they are required especially in surgical robots.

2-Temperature Sensor: temperature sensor is important in pharmaceutical

automated robots so it could maintain the temperature of oral solids.

3-Proximity Sensor: It is a sensor that detect nearby objects

There are many other sensors and the previous examples is to give an example of
wide usage of sensors not restrict these examples as they are the only sensors.
4 Case study

4.1 Blind Cheetah:

A team of MIT students are making a robot to imitate cheetah movement walking,
running, bounding and galloping. Also these cheetahs are well designed to harsh
environment and disasters to explore these areas instead of human so they could
save human lives. Also in the last robot edition these robots can climb stairs and
react to hits in a more effective way. (news.mit.edu, 2018)

Figure no.4

5.1 Conclusion

To finalize our report medical robots are very crucial in these days as they cure
people, imitate animals and to know the life of these animals and study them in
depth. The writer of the report hope that the Egyptian government start to aid the
development of this type of robot as this was one of the reason why this topic was
chosen.
References:

news.mit.edu. (2018, july 4). Retrieved from http://news.mit.edu/2018/blind-cheetah-robot-

climb-stairs-obstacles-disaster-zones-0705

Beasley, R. A. (12 August 2012). Medical Robots: Current Systems and Research Directions.