Discrete Event Simulation

Discrete Event Simulation
to
An actual or envisioned system A useful simulation model of that system
Modeling of a system as it evolves overtime by a

representation where the state variables change
instantaneously at separated points in time
Dr.S.Prasanna Venkatesan, 1
Asst.Prof/Prod, NITT
Geometric simulation systems simulate the geometry of an element or an
entire manufacturing system, usually in three dimensions
A hybrid optimization and simulation approach is emphasized for strategic decisions
under uncertainty.
Fu, Glover and April (2005)

Journals
Simulation Steps
Model
No
conceptualization Experimental
Design
Setting of Yes
Problem objectives Model Yes
Verified? Validated? Production runs
formulation and overall translation
project plan and analysis
No
Yes Yes
Data No More runs?
collection
No
Documentation
Implementation and reporting
Traffic-Signal Time Settings by Using
Simulation
Traffic-Signal Time Settings by Using
Simulation
KR KR
RHR RHR
RMR RMR
LCR LCR
PHASE 1 PHASE 2
KR KR
RHR RHR
RMR RMR
LCR LCR
PHASE 3 PHASE 4
LEGEND
KR : KUTCHERY ROAD
RMR : RAMAKRISHNA MUTT ROAD
RHR : ROYAPETTAH HIGH ROAD
LCR : LUZ CHURCH ROAD
FIG.2 PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE INTERSECTION

Components of DES simulation
Simulation clock: A variable giving the current value of simulated time. Unit of
time is assumed to be same as unit of input parameters
List/set: A collection of associated entities ordered in some logical fashion
e.g. In an outpatient clinic a set might include the patience waiting for service
ordered by severity of disorder or first come first serve
Event notice: A record of an event to occur at the current or future time along
with associated data to execute the event.
Event List/Future Event List: A list of event notices for future events ordered by
time of occurrence
Activity: A duration of time of specified length which is known when it begins
eg. Arrival, Service time
Delay: A duration of time of unspecified length which is not known until it ends
e.g. waiting time in queue
Statistical counters: Variables used for storing statistical information about the
system performance. Dr.S.Prasanna Venkatesan, 11
Components of DES simulation
Currently in queue
Time advance mechanism
To advance the time from current event to the next scheduled

event
Two approaches:
Fixed increment time advance (Seldom used)

Next event time advance (Most common)
Fixed increment time advance
Fixed increment time advance
Next event time advance
Most Imminent first
•Assume that the probability distributions of the inter arrival times A1, A2,
…and the service times S1, S2, … are known
•At time e0 = 0 the status of the server is idle, and the time t1 of the first
arrival is determined by generating A1
•The simulation clock is then advanced from e0 to the time of the next (first)
event, e1 = t1. status of the server is changed from idle to busy. Delay is zero.
•Generate S1, A2. If t2 < c1, the simulation clock is advanced from e1 to the
next event e2 = t2 else to c1
DES Time Advance Program
• Initialization routine – a subprogram to Initialise the simulation model at time
zero
• Timing routine – a subprogram that determines the next event from the event
list and then advances the simulation clock to the time when the event is to
occur.
• Event routine – a subprogram that updates the system state when a particular
type of event occurs
• Library routines – a set of subprograms used to generate random observations
from probability distributions that were determined as part of the simulation
model
• Report generator – a subprogram that computes estimates of the desired
measures of performance and produces a report when the simulation ends
• Main program – a subprogram that invokes the timing routine to determine the
next event and then transfers control to the corresponding event routine to
update the system state. The main program may also check the termination and
invoke the report generator when the simulation is over.
Two techniques to generate future events

Bootstrapping occurrence of an event generates next
occurrence of the same type of event
Next Logical event e.g. Service completion generates
next event
Manual simulation DES single server queue
Manual simulation DES single server queue
Currently in queue
Measures of performance
Product of previous value of Q (t) and the width of time interval between from last event to now

Discrete Event Simulation

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Discrete Event Simulation

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Discrete Event Simulation

An actual or envisioned system A useful simulation model of that system

Modeling of a system as it evolves overtime by a

Fu, Glover and April (2005)

FIG.2 PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE INTERSECTION

To advance the time from current event to the next scheduled

Fixed increment time advance (Seldom used)

Most Imminent first

Two techniques to generate future events

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