Republic of the Philippines

Marikina Polytechnic College

Mayor Chanyungco St., Sta. Elena, Marikina City

Types of Instructional
material

Submitted by:
Salansan, Kenneth Maru
Suyod, Francis Alfred F.
Surigao, John V.
Tapar, Jasper

BTTE III-I MATH

Submitted to:

Dr. Maria Elena Magcalen

Instructor
 TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
I. Objectives
o To identify the types of instructional material
o To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type of
instructional material
o To develop awareness in making an instructional material
II. Learning Content
A. Printed Media
Printed media is one of the oldest forms of instructional media that
is being used in the classroom. They are used to inform, motivate or instruct
learners Kemp and Dayton (1985).
 Advantages of using printed media as instructional material
o Easy to carry and use;
o Easy to generate, produce, modify and update;
o Cheap, especially if the media are black and white. Colour, as a rule,
is more expensive;
 Disadvantages of using printed media as instructional material
o they may be too familiar and be ignored because they look like high
school materials;
o it may be difficult to teach skills or convey emotions and feelings
through print;
o they will be difficult to update if the printed material is bound as a
book.
Examples of printed media:
1. Books/Textbooks- he oldest form and the most common form of print
media used by students.
2. Newspaper - are publications, usually periodical publications, that are
printed or published electronically. a serial publication containing news,
other informative articles and usually advertising.
3. Magazine- are publications, usually periodical publications, that are
printed or published electronically.
4. Handouts- These comprise all the different types of information-
providing materials that are given out to students or trainees, usually in
connection with a taught lesson or instructional programme of some sort
B. Mock-ups
A mock-up is a three-dimensional or specialized type of working
model made from real or synthetic materials.
 Advantages of using Mock-up as instructional material
 Mock-ups permit the observation of essential functions of the
object.
 Mock-ups can be made by the instructor, as well as purchased
commercially.
 Mock-ups can be made larger or smaller than the real thing.
 Having students build mock-ups enhances learning.
 Disadvantages of using Mock-up as instructional material
 Mock-ups can be costly when purchased.
 Making mock-ups can be time consuming for the instructor.
 Students usually need guidance in the construction of mock-ups
C. Visual Aids
These instructional materials facilitate the visual sense and
encourage the sensing function.
 Advantages of using Visual aid as instructional material
o It Increases chance of classroom success
o It Build Student Interest and Engagement
o Expand the Scope of What Can Be Learned
 Disadvantages of using Visual Aids as instructional material
 Preparing visual aids can be time consuming, taking valuable
energy away from other aspects of lesson planning.
  Visual aids run the risk of giving the student too much. we
run the risk of turning students into passive consumers rather
than active participants.
Examples of visual aids
1. Chalkboard - These are dark-colored surfaces on which material can be
written, printed or drawn using chalk. They are still one of the most
widely used of all visual aids.
2. Whiteboard - These are light-coloured surfaces on which material can be
written, printed or drawn using felt pens, crayons or other markers of
some sort.
3. Flipchart- These are large sheets of paper that are generally hung from
an easel of some sort so that they can be flipped forwards or backwards
in order to reveal the information on a particular sheet, or to produce a
fresh blank sheet on which impromptu information can be written or
drawn.
4. Charts and wallcharts - These are large sheets of paper, carrying pre-
prepared textual and/or graphical and/or pictorial information.
5. Flash cards- are small cards of generally 25×30 cm in size which are
shown for a few moments before the class to send across a message or
impart an idea.
D. Audio media
Audio Media facilitate audio senses and encourage the listening function.
The audio sense is more active by the use of such teaching aids.
 Advantages of using Audio Media as instructional material
 Classroom audio overcomes ambient noise levels and
distributes the teacher’s voice at the same amplified level
throughout the classroom.
 Reduce a child’s sensitivity to distractions. When a teacher’s
voice is amplified 5 to 15 decibels above ambient noise,
articulation and speech intelligibility are enhanced.
 Teachers using classroom audio report less need for repeating
of instructions, and fewer reminders are needed
 Disadvantages of using Audio Media as instructional material
o Students will not learn how to read as effectively (as they listen
instead of practice to read stories, poem, etc.
o Difficult to teachers to control device(s) use in class (affects
classroom management and especially time management).
o Teachers have to grow eyes in the back of their heads and when
mobile devices are used in class, the need for continual
monitoring and regulation increases.
o Inability to know how to extract information from text
successfully
Examples of Audio media
1. Radio broadcasts - t is an inexpensive means of reaching a mass audience or
a great numbers of learners.
It is usually taped to eliminate problems of scheduling,
timing and accuracy in the unfolding of the activities
2. Audio discs- Recordings of music, plays, etc. on compact discs or vinyl discs
constitute a relatively inexpensive and readily-available instructional
resource in certain subject areas.
3. Audio tapes - Audio material recorded on open-reel tape or tape cassette
constitutes one of the most useful resources at the disposal of the modern
teacher or trainer
E. Audio-Visual Media
These instructional materials are used to facilitate both audio and
visual senses and encourage listening and observing functions. Thus, these
aids involve more than one sense simultaneously and learner is more active.
 Advantages of using Audio-Visual Media as instructional
material
 Its helps to make learning process more effective and
conceptual.
 Its helps to grab the attention of students
  It builds interest and motivation teaching students learning
process
 It enhance the energy level of teaching and students
 It provides students a realistic approach and experience

 Disadvantages of using Audio-Visual Media as instructional

material
 Technical problems may arise regardless of your equipmen
that may derail a presentation.
 Professionally put together audiovisual aids can be
expensive.
 Audiovisual presentations can take a considerable amount of
time to prepare.
 Visuals are more of a distraction if used throughout the
entire presentation versus during key points.

Examples of Audio-Visual

1. Television broadcasts - As in the case of educational radio

broadcasts, educational television broadcasts constitute an
extremely useful free resource for teachers and trainers.
2. Video recording- Television sequences or tailored
programmes recorded on video cassette now contribute one
of the most useful and powerful instructional media at the
disposal of teachers and trainers, and can be used in a wide
range of teaching/learning situations
References:

https://edtechnonprojectedmedia.wordpress.com/2015/07/16/printed-materials/
https://www.slideshare.net/pria87/audio-visual-aids
https://www.scribd.com/doc/19423301/Instructional-Materials

Prepared by:Salansan,Surigao,Suyod,Tapar