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Problem Solving Using C

Subject Code: MCA11 Credits: 3:1:1


Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT – I
Algorithms and Flowcharts
The meaning of algorithms, Flowcharts and their need, Writing algorithms and drawing
flowcharts for simple exercises like finding biggest of three numbers, to find roots of given
quadratic equation, to find the biggest and smallest of given set of numbers and such other simple
examples
UNIT – II
Data Types Operators and Expressions
Character set, C tokens, keywords & identifiers, structure of C program, executing a C program.
Constants, variables, data types, declaration of variables, declaration of storage classes, assigning
values to variables defining symbolic constants, declaring a variable as constant, declaring a
variable as volatile, overflow and underflow of data.
Arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, assignment operator, increment and
decrement operator, conditional operator, bitwise operators, comma operator, special operators,
arithmetic expressions, evaluation of expressions, precedence of arithmetic operators, type
conversions in expressions, operator precedence and associativity, mathematical functions
UNIT – III
Managing Input and Output Operations
The scanf() & printf() functions for input and output operations, reading a character, writing a
character, (the getchar() & putchar() functions) , the address operator(&), formatted input and
output using format specifiers, Writing simple complete C programs.
UNIT –IV
Control Statements
Decision making with if statement, simple if statement, the if..else statement, nesting of if..else
statements, the else..if ladder, the switch statement, the ?: operator, the goto statement, the break
statement, programming examples ,The while statement, the do..while statement, the for
statement, nested loops, jumps in loops, the continue statement, programming examples
UNIT – V
Arrays and Strings
The meaning of an array, one dimensional and two dimensional arrays, declaration and
initialization of arrays, reading , writing and manipulation of above types of arrays,
multidimensional arrays, dynamic arrays, programming examples.
Declaring and initialing string variables, reading string from terminal, writing string to screen,
arithmetic operations on characters, putting strings together, comparison of two strings, string
handling functions, table of strings, other features of strings, programming examples.
UNIT –VI
User Defined Functions
Need for user defined functions, a multi function program, elements of User defined functions,
defining functions, return values and their types, function calls, function declaration, category of
functions, no arguments and no return values, arguments but no return values, arguments with
return values, no arguments with return value, functions that return multiple values, nesting of
functions, recursion, passing arrays to functions, passing string to functions, programming
examples.
UNIT – VII
Structures and Unions, Pointers & Dynamic Memory Allocation
Defining a structure, declaring structure variables, accessing structure members, structure
initialization, copying and comparing structure variables, operations on individual members,
array of structures, structures within structures, structures and functions, Unions, size of
structures, bit fields, programming examples.
Understanding pointers, accessing the address space of a variable, declaring and initialization
pointer variables, accessing a variable through its pointer, chain of pointers, pointer expressions,
pointers and arrays, pointer and character strings, array of pointers, pointer as function arguments,
functions returning pointers, pointers to functions, pointers and structures,. Dynamic memory
allocation, allocating a block of memory: malloc, allocating multiple blocks of memory: calloc,
releasing the used space: Free, altering the size of a block: realloc, programming examples
UNIT – VIII
File Management in C and Additional features
Defining and opening a file, closing a file, input/output operations on files, error handling during
I/O operations, random access files, command line arguments, programming examples.
Macro substitution, files inclusion, compiler control directives, ANSI additions, programming
exercises

Laboratory
Simple Programs using basic datatypes, scanf, printf, format specifiers
Programs using conditional control statements if-else, Switch-case
Programs using looping constructs while, do-while, for
Programs using arrays, strings
Programs using functions, passing arguments of different types, recursion
Programs using structures, unions, passing structures to functions
Programs based on dynamic memory allocation, dynamic arrays and structures
Simple file handling programs.

Text Books:
1. Programming in ANSI C, Balagurusamy, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
Chapters: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.1 to13.6, 14.
2. Computer Programming in C, V Rajaraman, Prentice Hall India, 2000.
Chapters: 1.1, 1.3, 2.1, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3.
Reference Books:
1. How to solve it by Computer, R G Dromey, Prentice-Hall India, 1982.
2. Mastering C, K R Venugopal, S R Prasad, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
Discrete Mathematics

Subject Code: MCA12 Credits: 4:0:0


Prerequisites: Basics of Mathematics

UNIT – I
Set Theory
Introduction, Set Representation, Subsets, Cardinality of a set, Venn diagrams, Operations on
sets, Disjoint sets, Power set, Cartesian product, Properties of sets, Proving set identities, Duality
UNIT – II
Relations
Definition, Inverse of a relation, Domain and range of a relation, Properties of Relations,
Representing Relations, Closures, Partition, Partial Ordered Relations, Lexicographic Order,
Digraphs of Posets, Topological Sorting, Lattices.
UNIT – III
Functions
Introduction, Definition, Arrow Diagram, Examples of Non-Functions, Properties of functions,
Standard Examples, one-to-one functions, onto functions, technique to prove a function as onto,
one-to-one correspondences , inverse functions, pigeonhole principle, Composition of functions
Number Theory
The Integers and Division, Primes and Greatest Common divisors, Applications of Number
theory
UNIT – IV
Mathematical Induction
Introduction, Principle of Mathematical Induction, Different techniques using Mathematical
induction, the well ordering principle
Recursive Definitions
Introduction to Sequences, solving Recurrence relations, recursive definitions for Sums, Products,
Unions and intersection, recursive functions
UNIT – V
Probability and Counting
Introduction to probability, Event, event space, Equally likely Probability, Classical definition,
Limitations, Frequency definition of probability, Conditional probability, Axioms of
Mathematical probability, Principles of counting, Possibility tree, Permutation and combinations,
binomial theorem
UNIT – VI
Fundamentals of Logic
Introduction, Divisions of Logic, statements, Truth values, Ascertaining truths of more general
compound propositions, conditional statements, Biconditional, logical equivalence, De-morgan’s
Laws, Logical Equivalences, duality, Propositional function, Quantifiers and first-order Logic,
The universal quantifier, existential quantifier, universal and existential statements
Groups
Mathematical Structure, Binary operation, properties of mathematical structures, Some Important
theorems, Composition Table
UNIT – VII
Semigroups and Subgroups
Semigroups, Integral powers of an element, Subgroups, Homomorphism
Coding Theory
Introduction, Choice of codes, Communication channel, Interference Source, Self Correcting
codes, Probabilistic model, Hamming metric, two important results, generator matrix and parity
check matrix, A decoding scheme, group codes, Decoding with coset leaders, Hamming matrices,
Binary algebra, Supplementary notes
UNIT – VIII
Graph Theory
Graphs, Special Graphs, Subgraph, Degree of a Vertex, Given a Degree Sequence how to draw
the graph, Adjacency matrices ,Incidence matrices, Isomorphism of graphs, paths and circuits,
Euler paths, Hamiltonian circuit, The traveling salesman problem, shortest path problem ,planar
graphs, Trees

Text Book:
1. Jayanth Ganguly: A Treatise on Discrete Mathematical Structures, Sanguine Technical
Publishers, 2006.
Reference Books:
1. Grassmann, Tremblay: Logic and Discrete Mathematics, Pearson Education, 2007.
2. Thomas Koshy: Discrete Mathematics with Applications, Elsevier, 2004.
3. Rosen: Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.
Fundamentals of Computer Organization

Subject Code: MCA13 Credits: 3:0:1


Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT –I
Digital Systems and Binary Systems
Digital Systems, Binary Numbers, Number Base Conversion, Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers,
Complements, Binary Codes, Binary Storage and Registers, Binary Logic
UNIT – II
Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates
Introduction, Basic Definitions, Axiomatic Definition of Boolean Algebra, Basic Theorems and
Properties of Boolean Algebra, Boolean Functions, Canonical and Standard Forms, Other Logic
Operations, Digital Logic Gates, Integrated Circuits
UNIT –III
Gate-Level Minimization
Introduction, The Map Method, Four-Variable Map, Product of Sums Simplification, NAND and
NOR Implementation, Don’t-Care Conditions
UNIT –IV
Basic Structure of Computers
Computer Types, Functional Units, Basic Operational Concepts, Bus structures, Performance.
UNIT –V

Machine Instruction and Programmes


Memory Location and Addresses, Memory Operations, Instructions & Instruction Sequencing,
Addressing Modes, Assembly Language, Basic Input/Output Operations, Additional Instructions
UNIT –VI
Input/Output Organization
Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts, Direct Memory Accesses, Buses, Interface Circuits
UNIT –VII
Memory
Some Basics concepts, Semiconductors RAM Memories, Read-Only Memories, Speed, Size and
Cost, Cache Memories, Virtual Memories
UNIT –VIII
Arithmetic Unit
Addition & subtraction of Signed Numbers, Design of Fast adders, Multiplication of Positive
Numbers, Signed-Operand Multiplication, Fast Multiplication, Integer division Floating-Point
Numbers & Operations

Laboratory

• Problems on digitals electronics

Text Books:
1. Digital Logic and Computer Design, M. Morris Mano, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, 2008.
Chapters: 1.1-1.9, 2.1-2.9, 3.1-3.3, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 4.1– 4.5, 5.1 – 5.4
2. Computer Organization, Carl Hamacher, Z Varnesic and S Zaky, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill,
2002.
Chapters: 1.1 to 1.4, 1.6, 2.2 to 2.7, 2.10, 4.1, 4.2, 4.4 to 4.6, 5.1 to 5.5, 5.7, 6.1 to 6.7.
Introduction to UNIX

Subject Code: MCA14 Credits: 3:0:1


Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT –I
Introduction: The Operating System, The UNIX Operating Systems, The UNIX Architecture,
Features of UNIX, POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification, Locating Commands, Internal and
External Commands, Command Structure, Flexibility of Command Usage, Man Browsing the
Manual Pages On-line, Understanding the man Documentation, Further Help with man –k,
apropos and whatis, When Things Go Wrong.
UNIT –II
General Purpose Utilities: banner, cal, date, calendar, who, printf, tty, stty, uname, passwd, lock,
echo, tput, bc, script, spell and ispell.
Navigating the File System: The file, what’s in a filename? the parent-child relationship, pwd,
the Home directory, Absolute pathnames, using absolute pathnames for a command, cd, mkdir,
rmdir, Relative pathnames, The UNIX file system
Handling Ordinary Files: cat, cp, rm, mv, more, lp, file, wc, od, split, cmp, comm., diff.
UNIT –III
The vi editor: The Three Modes, Input Mode, Saving, The Repeat Factor, Command Mode,
Deletion, Navigation, Pattern Search, Joining lines, Repeating the Last command, undoing the
Last Editing Instructions, Search and Replace.
Basic File Attributes: ls –l, the –d option, File Permissions, chmod.
Security and File Permission: users and groups, security level, changing permission, user masks,
changing ownership and group
UNIT –IV
Essential Shell Programming: shell script, read, exit, the if conditional, using Tests and [] to
evaluate expression, the case conditional expr, while: looping, for: looping with a list, set and
shift, trap, debugging shell scripts with Set - X.
UNIT – V
The SHELL: The Shell’s Interpretive Cycle, Shell Offerings, Pattern Matching-The
Wild-cards, Escaping and Quoting, Redirection: The Three Standard Files, /dev/null and /dev/tty :
Two Special Files, Pipes, tee: Creating a Tee, Command Substitution, Shell Veriables.
UNIT –VI
The Process: process basics, PS, internal and external commands, running jobs in background,
nice, at and batch, cron, time commands
Customizing the Environment: System Variables, profile, sty, PWD, Aliases, Command History,
On-Line Command Editing
UNIT – VII
More file attributes: hard link, symbolic link, umask, find
Simple filters: PR, head, tail, cut, paste, sort, uniq, tr commands
UNIT – VIII
Filters using Regular Expression and the grep Family: grep, Regular Expression, egrep, fgrep, a
sed instruction, Line Addressing, Inserting and Changing Test, Context addressing, writing
selected lines to a file, The –f option, Substitution, Properties of Regular Expressions

Laboratory
Simple Shell scripts demonstrating the utility of Basic Unix commands like echo, pwd, who,
grep, sort, cut , paste, pipe, tee, cat ,more , tty , split, spell and such other commands/filters have
to be developed and executed .
Text Books:
1. UNIX Concepts and Applications, Sumitabha Das, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.

Reference Books:
1. UNIX: The Complete Reference, Kenneth Roson et al, Osborne/McGraw Hill, 2000.
2. Using UNIX , Steve Montsugu, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall India, 1999.
3. UNIX and Shell Programming, M G Venkateshmurthy, Pearson Education Asia, 2005.
4. UNIX and Shell Programming, Behrouz A Forouzan and Richard F Gilberg, 1st Edition,
Thomson Course Technology, 2005
Professional Communication and Ethics

Subject Code: MCA15 Credits: 4:0:0


Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT –I
Basics of Technical Communication
Introduction, Process of Communication, Language as a Tool, Levels of Communication,
Levels of Communication, Communication Networks, Importance of Technical
Communication.
UNIT –II
Barriers to Communication
Definition of Noise, Classification of Barriers
Technology in Communication
Impact of Technology, Software for Creating Messages, Software for Writing Documents,
Software for Presenting Documents, Transmitting Documents, Effective use of Available
Technology
UNIT –III
Active Listening
Introduction, Types of Listening , Traits of good Listener, Active versus passive listening,
implications of effective listening
UNIT – IV
Effective Presentation Strategies
Introduction, Defining purpose, Analyzing Audience and Locale, Organizing Contents, preparing
outline, Visual Aids, Understanding Nuances of Delivery, Kinesics, Proxemics ,
Paralinguistic’s, Chromatics, Sample speech.
UNIT – V
Group Communication
Introduction, Group Discussion, Organizational Group discussion, Group discussion as part of
selection process Meetings, conferences.
UNIT –VI
Interviews
Introduction, Objectives, Types of Interviews, Job Interviews
An Overview of Ethics
What are Ethics? Ethics in the Business World, Ethics in Information Technology (IT)
UNIT –VII
Ethics for IT Professionals and IT users
IT professionals, The Ethical behavior of IT professionals, IT Users, Case study.
Privacy
Privacy Protection and the Law, Key Privacy and Anonymity Issues, Case Study.
UNIT –VIII
Software Development
Strategies to Engineer Quality s/w, Key Issues, Case study.
Employer/Employee Issues
Use of Non traditional workers, Whistle Blowing, Case study.
Text Books:
1. Technical Communication - Principles and Practices, Meenakshi Raman and Sangeeta
Sharma, Oxford University Press, 2004.
Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
2. Ethics in Information Technology, George Reynolds, Thomson Course Technology, 2003.
Chapters: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8.

Reference Books:
1. Effective Technical Communication by M.Ashraf Rizivi, 1st Edition, Tata McGraw Hill,
2005.
2. Ethics in Engineering by Mike W Martin and Ronald Schinzinger, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2003.
Web Technologies-I
Subject Code: MCA16 Credits: 2:1:1
Prerequisites: Nil

UNIT – I
Computer Networks
Basics of Networks, Topologies of Networks, Layers in Networking, Switching in the Networks,
Bridges, Routers and Gateways, Types of Networks
UNIT – II
The Internet
Basics of Internet, Addresses and Names for the Internet, Web Objects, and Sites, E-mail, World
Wide Web, File Transfer, The ‘Telnet’, The ‘Usenet’, ‘Gopher’, ‘Wais’, ‘Archie’, and
‘Veronica’, Internet Chat.
UNIT –III
Web Servers, Browsers, and Security
The Web /server, The Proxy Server, The Fast Ready Connections on the Web, Web Browsers,
Netscape Communication Suite, Microsoft Internet Explorer, The Virus Menace in the Internet,
Firewalls, Data Security.
Searching and Web-Casting Techniques- Introduction, Search Engines, Search Tools, How to
Get Found or Hidden Data from Search Engines? Subscribing, Channels, Channels Push
Technology.
UNIT – IV

Web severs- Web Server Operation, General Server Characteristics, Apache, IIS, Uniform
Resource Locators- URL Formats, URL Paths, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions- Type
Specification, Experimental Document Types, The Hypertext Transfer Protocol- The Request
Phase, The Response Phase, The Web Programmer’s Toolbox- Overview of XHTML, Tools for
Creating XHTML Documents, Plug-ins and Filters
UNIT – V
Creating a Website and the Markup Languages (HTML and DHTML)
The Art of Creating a Website, Hypertext and HTML, HTML Document Features, Document
Structuring Tags in HTML, special Tags in HTML, Dynamic HTML, Microsoft FrontPage.
UNIT –VI
XHTML
Origins and Evolution of HTML and XHTML-Versions of HTML and XHTML, HTML versus
and XHTML, Basic Syntax, Standard XHTML Document Structure, Basic Text Markup-
Paragraphs, XHTML Document Validation, Line Breaks, Headings, Block Quotations, Font
Styles and Sizes, Character Entities, Horizontal Rules, The meta Element, Images- Image
formats, The <img /> Tag, Hypertext Links- Links, Targets within Documents, Using Links,
Lists- Unordered Lists, Ordered Lists, Definition Lists.
UNIT –VII
Tables-Basic Table Tags, The rowspan and colspan Attributes, The align and valign Attributes,
The cellpadding and cellspacing Attributes, Table sections, Forms- The <form> Tag, The <input>
Tag, The <select> Tag, The <textarea> Tag, The Submit and Reset Buttons, A Complete Form
Example, Frames- Framesets, Frames, Syntactic Differences between HTML and XHTML.
UNIT –VIII
Cascading Style Sheets
Introduction, Levels of Style Sheets, Style Specification Formats, Selector Forms- Simple
Selector Forms, Class Selectors, Generic Selectors, id Selectors, Pseudo classes, Property value
Forms, Font Properties- Font Families, Font Sizes, Font Styles, Font Weights, Font Shorthand,
Text Decoration, List Properties, Color- Color Groups, Color Properties, Alignment of Text, The
Box Model- Borders, Margins and Padding, Background Images, The <span> and <div> Tags.
Laboratory

1. Demonstrate the basic Internet Concepts.


2. Demonstrate different web servers and web browsers
3. Demonstrate different Search Engines
4. Programs to demonstrate Basic HTML Tags.
5. Programs to demonstrate Special HTML Tags.
6. Programs to demonstrate DHTML Tags
7. Programs to demonstrate Hypertext links.
8. Programs to demonstrate XHTML Tags
9. Programs to demonstrate Lists.
10. Programs to demonstrate Table Tags.
11. Programs to demonstrate the use of Forms.
12. Programs to demonstrate the use of Frames.
13. Programs to demonstrate the use of External Style Sheets.
14. Programs to demonstrate the use of Internal Style Sheets.

Text Books :
1. Raj Kamal : Internet and Web Technologies, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.
(Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
2. Robert W. Sebesta: Programming the World Wide Web, Third Edition, Pearson Education,
2007.
(Chapters 1, 2, 3)

Reference Books:
1. The Complete Reference HTML & XHTML , Thomas A. Powell, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-
Hill

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