JSC ”Medical university Astana”

​Department of information and

communicating technologies

Independent work of a student

Theme: ​Prospects of development of ICT

Prepared by: ​Shakhanova Ulbossyn

Speciality: ​General medicine
Group:​131
Checked by: ​Aripbaeva A.A.

Astana, 2018
Content
​
1.Introduction...............................................................................................
2.Main body.................................................................................................
2.1. ICT in our life……………………………………………………….
2.2. ICT in our country………………………………………………...
3.Conclusion.................................................................................................
4.Works cited………………………………………………………………
1.Introduction

Information and communications technology​or (​ ICT​) is extensional term for

informational technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified​​
communications
and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals),
computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and
audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and
manipulate information
ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through
telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses
primarily on communication technologies. This includes the Internet, wireless
networks, cell phones, and other communication mediums.
In the past few decades, information and communication technologies have provided
society with a vast array of new communication capabilities. For example, people can
communicate in real-time with others in different countries using technologies such as
instant messaging, voice over IP (VoIP), and video-conferencing. Social networking
websites like Facebook allow users from all over the world to remain in contact and
communicate on a regular basis.
Modern information and communication technologies have created a "global village,"
in which people can communicate with others across the world as if they were living
next door. For this reason, ICT is often studied in the context of how modern
communication technologies affect society.
2.Main body
2.1.ICT in our life
In modern society ICT is ever-present, with over three billion people having access to
the Internet. With approximately 8 out of 10 Internet users owning a smartphone,
information and data are increasing by leaps and bounds. This rapid growth, especially
in developing countries, has led ICT to become a keystone of everyday life, in which
life without some facet of technology renders most of clerical, work and routine tasks
dysfunctional. The most recent authoritative data, released in 2014, shows "that
Internet use continues to grow steadily, at 6.6% globally in 2014 (3.3% in developed
countries, 8.7% in the developing world); the number of Internet users in developing
countries has doubled in five years (2009-2014), with two thirds of all people online
now living in the developing world."
However, hurdles are still large. "Of the 4.3 billion people not yet using the Internet,
90% live in developing countries. In the world's 42 Least Connected Countries
(LCCs), which are home to 2.5 billion people, access to ICTs remains largely out of
reach, particularly for these countries' large rural populations."ICT has yet to penetrate
the remote areas of some countries, with many developing countries dearth of any
type of Internet. This also includes the availability of telephone lines, particularly the
availability of cellular coverage, and other forms of electronic transmission of data.
The latest "Measuring the Information Society Report" cautiously stated that the
increase in the aforementioned cellular data coverage is ostensible, as "many users
have multiple subscriptions, with global growth figures sometimes translating into
little real improvement in the level of connectivity of those at the very bottom of the
pyramid; an estimated 450 million people worldwide live in places which are still out
of reach of mobile cellular service."
Favorably, the gap between the access to the Internet and mobile coverage has
decreased substantially in the last fifteen years, in which "2015 [was] the deadline for
achievements of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which global
leaders agreed upon in the year 2000, and the new data show ICT progress and
highlight remaining gaps."ICT continues to take on new form, with nanotechnology
set to usher in a new wave of ICT electronics and gadgets. ICT newest editions into
the modern electronic world include smart watches, such as the Apple Watch, smart
wristbands such as the Nike+ FuelBand, and smart TVs such as Google TV. With
desktops soon becoming part of a bygone era, and laptops becoming the preferred
method of computing, ICT continues to insinuate and alter itself in the ever-changing
globe.
The internet according to Bruce Bimber is "accelerating the process of issue group
formation and coined the term accelerated pluralism to explain this new phenomena.
ICTs are tools for "enabling social movement leaders and empowering dictators" ​in
effect promoting societal change. ICTs can be used to garner grassroots support for a
cause due to the internet allowing for political discourse and direct interventions with
state policy as well as change the way complaints from the populace are handled by
governments. Furthermore, ICTs in a household are associated with women rejecting
justifications for intimate partner violence. According to a study published in 2017,
this is likely because “access to ICTs exposes women to different ways of life and
different notions about women’s role in society and the household, especially in
culturally conservative regions where traditional gender expectations contrast
observed alternatives."
2.2.​
ICT in our country

The spread of connectivity to the Internet is giving rise to renewed expectations that
there will be good opportunities for firms in poorer countries to reap the benefits of
global networking. However, barriers to connectivity continue to be substantial as
indicated both by aggregate statistics on the spread of the Internet and on the costs of
access.
Kazakhstan is a country which developing rapidly and which always pay attention
to every way of society life.One of the important part of our life is the informational
sphere which is mean telecommunicating that can give us access to the Internet. Our
President in every message to the nation ​ emphasizes the development of this
sphere.For example,​the state program "Information Kazakhstan - 2020".
Program objectives:
1) the Development of it

2) ensure the availability of information and communication infrastructure

3) automation of the activities of state bodies and e-services

4) open government

5) the Development of domestic information space.

Target indicators:

1) the share of the ICT sector in GDP in 2020 - 4 %

2) quantity updated standard curricula of it professions in accordance with

professional standards: technical and vocational UNIVERSITY in 2020 – 6

3) the level of digital literacy in 2020 - 80 %

4) density of Internet users per 100 inhabitants in 2020 - 75 %

5) the coverage of digital terrestrial television of Kazakhstan's population in 2020 –

95%

6) the coverage of the state radio channels in the FM band "Kazakh radio" and
"Shalkar", in 2020 - 95%
7) the effectiveness ratio of use of information technologies, which developed the
target architecture (ROA-return on IT assets) to the year 2020 – 30

8) the level of Kazakhstan's development index of "e-government" in 2020 -

among the first 25 countries

9) index the e-participation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2020 - among the first
20 countries

10) the number of available local media in Kazakhstan to 2020 – 2280

11) the proportion of the population satisfying the basic information needs at the
expense of the domestic media (according to sociological research), in 2020 – 53%
3.Conclusion
ICT is the most important part of our society life and it developing continuously
and rapidly.Nowaday approximately every person has opportunity to the Internet
sphere.

The aggregate data and the selected experiences of firms reported in this paper
provide substantial evidence of the variety of ways in which the spread of the
Internet and e-commerce is influencing the international trading behaviour of firms
in the three countries and two sectors examined. This would suggest that there is no
single recipe or template for B2B e-commerce that is likely to enhance either firm or
sector performance in international trade. Nevertheless, it is apparent that firms are
relying to an increasing extent on network connectivity of one form or another to
maintain the links with upstream buyers and downstream suppliers. It is also clear
that whatever the benefits of Internet connectivity, face-to-face meetings and
negotiations continue to be very important. These appear to be complementary to the
application of new technologies and networking applications; new technologies do
not substitute for them in most instances. Despite their declining costs, ICTs and
their applications remain costly investments for most firms in developing countries
because of the need to achieve far more than simple connectivity to global networks.
Applications have to become embedded within organisations in a way that does not
21 22 result in increased costs of coordination – both within the firm and between
buyers and sellers in their supply chains.
4.Works cited

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technolo
gy#Technological_capacity
2. https://helpiks.org/9-16086.html
3. https://iktderzukunft.at/en/program-lines/ict-of-the-future.php