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Floating Breakwater

Preparation of Design and Implementation in Indonesia

Presented by
Andojo Wurjanto

SEMINAR FLOATING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGY


ITB Bandung, 26 June 2009
Terminology
Breakwater*) = a man-made structure protecting a shore
area, anchorage, or basin from waves. A
harbor work.

http://chl.erdc.usace.army.mil/
*) Coastal Enginering Manual 2002-2008
What is to be protected?
Harbor

http://www-svsarah.com/
What is to be protected?
Highway

Jalan Raya Pesisir Kalimantan Barat Jul 2004 Private archive


What is to be protected?
Tourist Destination

Pantai Kuta Bali Feb 2009 Private archive


What is to be protected?
Community

Pantai Kota Padang 2007 Private archive


What is to be protected?
Economic Assets

Sawah, Pipa Minyak Pertamina di Indramayu Jan 2009 Private archive


Breakwater the Protector
Conventional Breakwater
 Made of rock or concrete.
 Built on seabed.
 Strength (stability) from its heavy weight.
Breakwater the Protector
Inonventional Breakwater: Floating
 Must have buoyancy.
 Not founded on seabed.
 Wave attenuation due to its large size or energy transfer
to seabed by means of tether.
1
Types of Floating Breakwater
Box Type

http://www.fdn-engineering.nl/

Box Floating Breakwater for Port of Hercule, Monaco, shown here being constructed in Spain
2
Types of Floating Breakwater
Pontoon: Type
Example of
Application

http://www.supflex.com/

Pontoon Floating Breakwater: Example of application


2
Types of Floating Breakwater
Pontoon: Concept Type

Nece, R.E. dan Richey, E.P., 1972. Wave Transmission Tests of Floatring Breakwater for Oak Harbor. Water
Resources Series, Technical Report No. 32. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
Types of Floating Breakwater
Mat:
Example of
Application

Type 3

Simm, Jonathan; Wallis, Michael J; dan


Collins, Ken; ed, 2005. Sustainable Re-
use of Tyres in Port, Coastal and River
Engineering: Guidance for planning,
implementation and maintenance.
Report SR-669, HR Wallingford,
Wallingford, United Kingdom
4
Types of Floating Breakwater
TFB = Tethered Float Breakwater: Concept Type

Mulvihill, E.L; Fransisco, C.A.; Glad, J.B., Kaster. K.B., dan Wilson, R.E., 1980. Biological Impact of Minor
Shoreline Structures on the Coastal Environment: State of the Art Review. Volume I. Report No. FWS/OBS-
77/51, Biological Services Program US Fish and Wildlife Services, USA.
5
Types of Floating Breakwater
Manufactured Breakwater Type

Whisprwave Floating Breakwater http://www.whisprwave.com/


5
Types of Floating Breakwater
Manufactured Breakwater Type

Wavebrake Floating Breakwater http://www.wavebrakefl.com/


Floating Breakwater
Advantages

a) Biaya awal PGT untuk perairan dalam (lebih dari 4


meter).
b) PGT efektif meredam gelombang moderat (tinggi
gelombang tidak lebih dari 2 meter).
c) PGT cocok untuk perairan yang memiliki kondisi tanah
lembek.
d) Terhadap lingkungan PGT berdampak kecil dibanding PG
konvensional.
e) PGT dapat mudah dipindahkan.
f) PGT tidak menyebabkan scour.
Floating Breakwater
Disdvantages

a) Perairan tidak terlindung sepenuhnya.


b) Umur PGT pendek.
c) PGT memerlukan biaya perawatan besar.
d) PGT tidak efektif meredam gelombang besar (tinggi lebih
dari 2 meter).
e) PGT dapat rusak sewaktu-waktu tanpa indikasi dini.
f) PGT tidak efektif meredam gelombang agak panjang
(perioda lebih dari 6 detik).
g) Jika struktur PGT terlepas dari jangkarnya, komponen
terapung dapat menjadi sumber bahaya (hazard).
h) Belum ada pedoman perencanaan yang mapan.
Floating Breakwater in Indonesia
Kondisi Umum

 Kebanyakan dibangun oleh pemerintah sebagai


prasarana umum.
 Prasarana yang membutuhkan banyak perawatan tidak
sesuai sebagai prasarana umum.
 PGT (Pemecah Gelomban Terapung) tidak sesuai untuk
prasarana umum di Indonesia.
Floating Breakwater in Indonesia
Dimana PGT Sesuai?

 Organisasi yang kesehariannya beroperasi secara


sistematis dapat memanfaatkan kelebihan PGT.
o Biaya awal yang murah.
o Masa layanan pendek tidak membutuhkan bangunan
permanen.
o Dapat dipindahkan dengan mudah.
o Dampak terhadap lingkungan tidak signifikan.
 Perawatan, bagi organisasi yang baik, merupakan bagian
dari tugas keseharian yang sudah melekat.
Design of Floating Breakwater
No established design manual for design of floating
breakwater, as opposed to conventional breakwater.
 Client and consultant will chose types and shape of floating
breakwater to be explored further.
 Chosen types and shapes will be investigated in physical hydraulic
laboratory.
Design of Floating Breakwater
Elements of Design

 Type and shape.


 Materials. Floating Breakwater
 Anchor / tether system. Cost (initial + maintenance
 Installation method. + risk management) to
 Risk. performance ratio.
 Hazard mitigation.

Assisted by Will be compared to


laboratory conventional breakwater
experiment
Laboratory Testing of Floating Breakwater

Side View of Wave Flume Credit to Ajiwibowo and Yuanita


End of Presentation.
Thank you for your attention.

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