Andrew Knox

HUM 125 – Disc #1 Music Journal

October 8th, 2010

Rap CD Vol. 1 – Music Journal

1. “Rapper's Delight” - The Sugarhill Gang (1979)

While it wasn't the very first rap song, it was the first popular song to emphasize rapping vocals

instead of singing. While Hip-Hop had been around for several years, the DJ (disc jockey) was the star

of the show and the MC (master of ceremonies) was more of a hype-man and advertiser. The role of

the MC eventually evolved into its current incarnation: the smooth, cool, rhythmic poet. That being

said, the Sugarhill Gang did not manifest by osmosis; they were formed by a record label executive

who wanted to cash in on her son's favorite new trend.1

Rapper's Delight features three MCs: Wonder Mike, Big Bank Hank and Master Gee. The intro

and outro are hi-hat and cowbell patterns with a smatter of bass and piano every four bars or so. There

is also a noticeable time shift between the intro and the main sampled bass line from “Good Times” by

Chic. Since this was the first explicitly commercial single from a new and controversial genre, Wonder

Mike went out of his way to state that the music wasn't just for Black people, “hello to the black, to the

white, the red, and the brown, the purple and yellow.”2

Big Bank Hank plays up his high-lifestyle, bragging about his swimming pool, color television,

credit cards, Cadillac and a wardrobe that can allegedly top the Greatest of All Time. The one problem

with that is that Hank doesn't actually live that lifestyle, and he didn't even write those rhymes; he

borrowed them from Grandmaster Caz of The Cold Crush Brothers.3 Master Gee's verse is mostly

enticing the audience/listener into dancing, but I also recognized the origin of an Ol' Dirty Bastard

lyric: “I go by the unforgettable name of the man they call the master gee / well, my name is known all

1 Gammel, “The Evolution of Rapper's Delight.”

2 Sugarhill Gang
3 Gammel, “The Evolution of Rapper's Delight.”
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over the world / by all the foxy ladies and the pretty girls / I'm goin' down in history / as the baddest

rapper there could ever be.”4

2. “Planet Rock” - Afrika Bambataa (1982)

While the Sugarhill Gang was a corporate creation, Afrika Bambataa was one of the original

DJs. In many early Hip-Hop songs, the genre is referred to as Rock. This is because the genre had yet

to stamp out its own identity, so it was best classified as a more electronic and computerized branch of

Funk, which was rooted in Rock and R&B. The instrumentals of this song are constructed from two

songs by the German Electronica band Kraftwerk: the melody is from “Trans Europe Express” and a

rhythm track is borrowed from “Numbers.” The song was also the first single to use Fairlight

synthesizers and Roland TR-808 drum machines.5 The 808 would go on to be the most popular drum

machine ever made, with most successors incorporating some sort of 808 sound palette.

While “Rapper's Delight” popularized Hip-Hop with audiences around the world, “Planet

Rock” was extremely influential to other Hip-Hop artists, and even led to Hip-Hop breaking away from

Funk and defining itself as a genre: “With the release of just one single, [“Planet Rock,”] rap music

leapt ahead from the drumbreak aesthetic of the '70s to achieve a man-machine fusion and prove -- for

what is likely the first time ever -- that computers are just as funky as the people using them.”6 The

lyrics weren't that great, but Bambaataa never claimed to be a writer or MC, he was just a DJ doing his

thing. “Party people / Party people / Can y'all get funky?”7

3. “Jam On It” - Newcleus (1984)

4 Sugarhill Gang
5 Bush
6 Bush
7 Bambaataa
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“Jam On It” is a cheesy little song with an infectious bass line. The two main MCs, Cozmo D

and Chilly B are backed up by high-pitched “chipmunks.” There are long instrumental breaks between

verses, with some ethereal singing by the MC's wives, Lady E and Monique Angevin.8 This song was

directly influenced by Planet Rock9 , it uses drum machines and synthesizers only, no samples. The

song is very long (over eight minutes) and sparse, but this gives the instrumental breaks a trance-like

quality. The lyrics are typical of Old School Hip-Hop, boastful of the group's rhythm, rhyme and

“rock” prowess, to the point where they claim to have beaten Superman: “and just when he had fooled

the crowd and swore he won the fight / We rocked his boat with a 12 inch cut called Disco Kryptonite /

Well, Superman looked up at me, he said, 'You rock so naturally.'”10

4. “The Breaks” - Kurtis Blow (1980)

I would classify this song more as funk than as Hip-Hop, with all the cascading funky guitar

riffs, drum solos, piano solos, call and response chorus, etc., but as the music is a collage of samples

with spoken, not sung, rhymes, technically it is Hip-Hop. This song also popularized the term

“breakdown” in the general public, with Kurtis even labeling a break during the transition into it: “and

these are the breaks / Break it up, break it up, break it up! / Break down! Yo!”11

Kurtis Blow isn't very well known nowadays, but he is still touring the country. One reviewer

warns newcomers to not just discount him as some has-been: “If you're only casually familiar with the

name, just know Kurtis Blow is often credited as the first rapper to ever sign with a major label, make a

music video, sell a gold record, tour Europe, appear in a national commercial or become a millionaire,

8 Newcleus
9 Bush
10 Cenac
11 Walker
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among other things.”12

Kurtis Blow carries on throughout the song with a somewhat peculiar cadence. I like it, and see

it as an emulation/replacement for singing. It certainly spices up the depressing topics in the rhymes.

In the first verse, the male character finds out his wife is cheating, gets audited, stuck with a huge

phone bill, avoids loan sharks and loses his job. In the last verse, the female character goes on a date

with a guy who at first appears rich, but turns out to be a bum. His golden Caddy is actually just a

hooptie, he forces her to pay for dinner, then reveals he is actually married.13

5. “The Message” - Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five (1982)

“The Message” was the first “socially conscious” rap song, and was influential to the many

politically inclined rap groups that followed, like Public Enemy, NWA, Rage Against The Machine,

Wu-Tang Clan and Immortal Technique. While the song is credited to Grandmaster Flash and the

Furious Five, Flash and four of the five had nothing to do with the record. The instrumental was

composed by Ed Fletcher, a session musician and producer for Sugarhill Records.14 The entire

instrumental was prompted by a line Fletcher had stuck in his head, “it's like a jungle sometimes, it

makes me wonder / how I keep from going under.”15

When he took the instrumental to the Furious Five, “at first none of the five were able to adapt

their personal styles to the song, eventually complaining that they were doubtful that the song would be

ever be popular.”16 Fletcher eventually brought on Furious Five member Melle Mel to rap over his

music. Melle Mel recycled/adapted some lyrics he wrote for an earlier song, “Superrappin'.” Once the

12 Graves
13 Walker
14 Gammel, “The Message.”
15 Glover
16 Gammel, “The Message.”
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song was finished, the label decided to release it as a Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, even

though most of them did not contribute to the creative process, because Melle Mel was unknown at the

time and Grandmaster Flash already had a certain modicum of name recognition.17

“The Message” was a massive success and enabled the group to tour large arenas across the

country. The chorus line, “don't push me, cause I'm close to the edge, I'm trying not to lose my head”18

became a classic declaration about inner-city ghetto life, trying to stay sane in the midst of all this

madness. The instrumental is instantly recognizable as well, due to Ice Cube reusing it for his hit,

“Check Yo Self.”

6. “Sucker M.C.'s (Krush-Groove 1)” - Run-DMC (1983)

Track number five on their self-titled debut album, in “Sucker M.C.'s,” Rev Run ridicules their

contemporaries while DMC brags about his grades. Many people see the vast stylistic differences

between Run-DMC and their contemporaries and declare their arrival to be the beginning of Hip-Hop's

Golden Age, “Of course Run DMC are usually considered old school by today's terms, but in 1983

when ["Sucker M.C.'s"] was released it was as far from the sound of rap at that time. Run DMC had

sparse beats and sharp lyrics. They didn't need a band backing them in the studio or on stage. They

had the one man band- Jam Master Jay backing them all the way... [Sucker M.C.'s] broke every rule in

the book and, although it would continue a few more years, put a symbolic end to old school rap.”19

I generally don't care for Rev Run on this track, but this line was kind of clever: “Comin' from

the wackest, part of town / Tryin' to rap up but you can't get down / You don't even know your English,

your verb or noun / You're just a sucker MC, you sad face clown.”20 My very favorite four lines in this
17 Gammel, “The Message.”
18 Glover
19 Roberts, "Run DMC Biography."
20 Simmons and McDaniels
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music volume are DMC's first few: “I'm D.M.C. in the place to be / I go to St. John's University / And

since kinde-garten I acquired the knowledge / And after 12th grade I went straight to college.”21

7. “Roxanne, Roxanne” - UTFO (1984)

UTFO (UnTouchable Force Organization) consisted of two MCs, Kangol Kid and Educated

Rapper (EMD), and one DJ, Mix Master I.C.E.. “Roxanne, Roxanne” is the story of Kangol and EMD

vying for the heart of an uninterested girl, Roxanne. I think their rhymes are good, but their attitude is

lame. At the end of a stinging flurry of rhymes, one of the rappers will remark how he wants to have

sex with Roxanne, followed by a rolling kick drum and clap fill. The chorus consists of screechy

singing and whining “I wanna be your man!” My favorite line in this song is: “You thought you had a

rose, you thought you was Cupid / But EMD, your rap was plain stupid / I know you're educated, but

when will you learn? / Not all girls want to be involved with bookworms.”22 This song inspired a

whole lot of “answer songs,” including two separate singles by female rappers, Roxanne Shanté and

The Real Roxanne, taking the role of Roxanne. For this class, we are more interested in the latter.

8. “The Real Roxanne” - The Real Roxanne/UTFO (1985)

This was the official answer song to “Roxanne, Roxanne;” it used the same instrumental, was

produced by UTFO and even features Kangol at the beginning. The lyrics are a rebuttal/alternate side

to many of the claims in the original song.23 There are references to her father being a “fairy,” standing

up EMD at the beach, and even a reworking of Educated Rapper's lengthy stanza built on one rhyme.

Roxanne categorically dismantles UTFO's masculinity to the point where I am in awe that they

21 Simmons and McDaniels

22 UTFO
23 Davis
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approved this record: “Me, the Rox? Give up the box? / So you could brag about it for the next six

blocks?... you see the truth and the fact is that I don't need you / your IQ is really one point two / I don't

like your rap cause your rap is dead / Educated Rapper, no sense in your head / so when you met me, I

paid you no mind / dictionary breath, you're one of a kind.”24

9. “Human Beat Box Part 3” - The Fat Boys (1986)

MCs Kool Rock-ski and Prince Markie D lay down some of the better rhymes on this

compilation over an amazing beatbox pattern vocalized by DJ Doc Nice/Buff Love. From I Love The

80's reruns I've seen on VH1, I had thought the Fat Boys were a novelty group mostly capitalizing on

their girth. I didn't realize they had serious flow. I prefer Kool Rock-ski over Markie D, in terms of

this track.

It was extremely difficult to find sources and lyrics for this particular song, but my favorite line

comes at the beginning when Kool Rock-ski is introducing the group: “One, two, in the place to be, as

you can see, most definitely, this be the chief rocker, Kool Rock-ski, and to my side, the prince of rap,

Prince Markie D, and on the beat box about this time, we call him DJ Doctor Nice, better known as the

original human beat box, as we get funky fresh, nevertheless, throw something like this, one for the

mid-brains, two for the bass, come on, Beat Box, let's rock the place!”

10. “Hey, DJ” - The World Famous Supreme Team (1984)

“Hey, DJ” is one of the more elaborate songs in the compilation, with ringing hi-hats, finger

snaps, slap synth bass, echo-y easy listening piano, scattered electric guitar, and an originally-recorded

chorus by a female singer. The World Famous Supreme Team was the duo of See Divine "The

24 Martinez
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Mastermind" & Just Allah "The Superstar." Besides this song, the group was most famous for their

radio show, The World Famous Supreme Team Show, and a number of collaborations with Malcolm

McLaren, former manager of the Sex Pistols. I like the chorus and the comparative complexity of the

instrumental, and the hard rock breakdown was a nice departure from the rest.25

11. “Tramp” - Salt-n-Peppa (1986)

Salt-n-Peppa were one of the first female rap groups and, to this day, are the best selling female

rap group ever. “Tramp” was a popular single off of their first album, Hot, Cool & Vicious. Another

notable song on their debut was “The Showstopper,” a response to “The Show” (by Doug E. Fresh)

recorded by an earlier version of the group. The funky ascending synth bassline and rolling shuffle

beat are aided in the choruses by a sampled funk horn revelry.26

Their lyrics are very feminist and express negative opinions of men, calling all males “tramps.”

This sort of shocked me at first, but it felt in context when I thought about all of the rap songs recorded

by men that express views generally disrespectful to women. Salt-n-Peppa were doing the same thing,

just backwards. My favorite four lines in “Tramp” were: “Now, what would you do if a stranger said

'Hi...'? / Would you diss him, or would you reply? / If you answer there is a chance / That you'll become

a victim of circumstance.”27

12. “Reckless” - Ice T (1984)

This was the first record to feature gangsta rap innovator Ice T. This song was originally

released as a single by West Coast DJ pioneer Chris "The Glove" Taylor featuring Ice T and was

25 Price
26 Lackey
27 Wray
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repackaged as an Ice T single when Ice T was preparing his solo debut.28 This explains the disparity in

quantity of content between verses and breaks. Ice T is the only artist on the compilation that is still a

well-known celebrity/artist today. The breaks are lengthy and experimental, including alterations to the

bass, drum and melody patterns, and effects modulations like echo, delay and phaser.

Since this was his first record appearance, and his style was not yet in its prime, Ice T's style

seems weak, his rhymes too short (four of the verses are only four lines long) and his candor off. All

five of Ice T's verses emphasize The Glove's overwhelming DJ'ing skill. For example, the first verse

illustrates how, as DJ'ing evolved and became more complex, posers fell to the wayside while true

masters, like The Glove, (allegedly) revolutionized the scene:

Once upon a time a DJ's task

Was just to play records, what more could you ask?

But then came remixes, scratching and cuts

Which was too much for many, drove some DJ's nuts

But the DJ named Glove has reigned supreme

As the turntable wizard of the hip-hop scene

So listen to him, check him out, but remember this

When The Glove's on the wheels of steel he's Reckless29

13. “Friends” - Whodini (1984)

Whodini was an R&B tinged rap group composed of MCs Jalil and Ecstasy and DJ

Grandmaster Dee. “Friends” was a hit single off of their breakthrough, platinum-selling sophomore
28 Roberts, “Chris "The Glove" Taylor.”
29 Marrow
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album, Escape.30 How unfortunate is it that this, my least favorite song on the compilation, has to

come before my two favorites, “The Show” and “Paid in Full”? I must concede that the rhymes and

instrumentals are both decent works, but on some visceral level, I just don't like this song. Maybe I just

don't like R&B. Plenty of other people have liked it though, the instrumental has been sampled in

songs by Nas, 2Pac, Lil Wayne, KRS-One, Everlast and MF DOOM among others.31

The song is all about the MC's opinion that men and women should get to know each other and

find what they have in common before they begin a romantic relationship since relationships built

solely on sex are destined to fail. I was confused at times, because some of the lyrics could be

referencing platonic friendships while others are clearly romantic gripes. This concept is codified at

the end of the second verse: “Then came the arguments and all kinds of problems / Besides making

love, we had nothing in common / It couldn't last long because it started out strong / But I guess we

went about the whole thing wrong / Cause out of nowhere it just came to an end / Because we became

lovers before we were friends.”32

14. “The Show” - Doug E. Fresh, feat. Slick Rick (1985)

Doug E. Fresh was a rapper and beat boxing innovator who formed a crew called the Get Fresh

Crew. The crew consisted of Doug E., Chill Will, Barry Bee and MC Ricky D. Ricky D, later known

as “Slick Rick,” was a British-born rapper identified by his eye-patch and clear enunciation. He is

given equal stature on “The Show” while the other two crew members only provided background

vocals. Soon after this song's release, Slick Rick embarked on his own successful solo career.33

In terms of instrumentals, this is my favorite track on the disc. There are so many elements I
30 Gammel, “Whodini Biography.”
31 "Escape (Whodini album)."
32 Hutchins
33 Roberts, “Doug E Fresh...”
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love: The phazered/flangered-out Inspector Gadget hook, the solo powerful snare fill (stylistically

similar to the one in “Roxanne, Roxanne”), Doug E.'s beat boxing and vocal tap dancing, and the echo-

y style of production to make it seem like it was recorded at a live show. I remember when I first heard

this song, in the opening credits of the Chris Rock film CB4.

In terms of lyrics, however, it's just ok, not great. For the most part, Doug E and Slick Rick

alternate lines while enacting their usual pre-show anxieties. My favorite lyrics section is the last verse

before the outro, primarily Slick Rick: “Well, here's a little somethin' that needs to be heard / Doug, I

was goin' Downtown / (Word Rick?) / Word / (Sure?) / All alone, no-one to be with / Stepped on the D-

train at 205th / I saw a pretty girl / (So?) / So I sat beside her / Then she went [fx: roar] like she was

Tony the Tiger / I said, oh no, there's been a mistake / Honey, my name's Slick Rick not Frostie Flakes /

(Oh, golly wally) / She was raisin' hell / She said, oh my name is Maggie but call me Michelle /

Michelle, ma belle / Sont les mots qui vont, tres bien ensemble / Tres bien ensemble.” 34 I didn't realize

until I looked the lyrics up on the internet that the last part of the verse was a reference to the Beatles

song, “Michelle.”

15. “Paid in Full” - Eric B. and Rakim (1987)

In terms of lyrics, “Paid in Full” is my favorite song on the disc. This song was the title track of

Eric B. and Rakim's debut album. It just feels like Rakim's rhymes and style are way above any other

rapper in his era. I connect well with his feelings, working hard and staying legit, but still being broke

all the time. I like the instrumental too, but it's not the very best. It's based on a syncopated drum

pattern, builds with one funky bass line and is occasionally peppered with essence of treble flute. In

the intro and outro, Eric B. and Rakim converse about the album's production. My favorite lines are:

34 Doug E. Fresh
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“Thinkin' of a master plan / Cuz ain’t nuthin but sweat inside my hand /So I dig into my pocket, all my

money is spent / So I dig deeper but still comin up with lint / So I start my mission- leave my

residence / Thinkin' how could I get some dead presidents.”35

35 Griffin
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• Works Cited:

• Bambaataa, Afrika. "Afrika Bambaataa & The Soul Sonic Force - Planet Rock Lyrics."
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<http://www.stlyrics.com/lyrics/aligindahouse/planetrock.htm>.

• Bush, John. "Planet Rock Song Review." Allmusic. Allmusic, 21 Mar 2009. Web. 9 Oct
2010. <http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=33:gifyxzygldke>.

• Cenac, Ben. "Newcleus - Jam On It Lyrics ." LyricZZ, 14 Aug 2010. Web. 9 Oct 2010.
<http://www.lyriczz.com/lyrics/newcleus/19566-jam-on-it/>.

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Oct 2010. <http://www.rapindustry.com/roxanne_interview.htm>.

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• "Escape (Whodini album)." Wikipedia (List of "Later Samples"). 2010. Web.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_%28Whodini_album%29>.

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• Gammel, John. "OSHH Feature: "The Message": A Classic That Almost Never Was."
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<http://www.oldschoolhiphop.com/features/message.htm>.

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2010. <http://www.oldschoolhiphop.com/artists/emcees/whodini.htm>.

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<http://www.lyricsfreak.com/g/grandmaster+flash/the+message_20062225.html>.

• Graves, Seth. "These Are the Breaks: Kurtis Blow Playing Big T's on Dickerson Pike."
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• Hutchins, Jalil. "Friends Lyrics by Whodini." Lyrics Depot, 13 Feb 2008. Web. 10 Oct 2010.
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HUM 125 – Disc #1 Music Journal
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<http://www.lyricsdepot.com/whodini/friends.html>.

• Lackey, Jeff. "About Salt-N-Pepa." N.p., 10 Oct 2010. Web. 10 Oct 2010. <http://salt-n-
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<http://www.lyricstime.com/ice-t-reckless-12-lyrics.html>.

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<http://www.jamonproductions.com/newcleus.html>.

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<http://www.oldschoolhiphop.com/artists/emcees/dougefresh.htm>.

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<http://www.lyrics007.com/Utfo%20Lyrics/Roxanne%20Roxanne%20Lyrics.html>.

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<http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/saltnpepa/tramp.html>.