You try not to talk about concepts difficult for you
to express.
You describe or paraphrase the target object or
action. You use an alternative term (ship) to express the meaning of the target word (sail) as closely as possible.
You expand a general word to the context where certain
words are lacking like the overuse of the words: thing, stuff, make, do, what-do-you- call-it, what-is-it.
You create a new English word based on whatyou
know of the way English works like “vegetarianist” (which is not in the dictionary) for the “vegetarian You mime, the gesture, use facial expression, and imitate sound to express the meaning you want.
You translate a word or an idiom from your mother
tongue to English using the structure of your first language. You use the word in your native language but pronounce it like English.
You use the native word or expression for the English
term that expresses the meaning you want. You ask other students or your teacher for help when you do not know or forget some words, structures or idioms.
You use filling words (uhhmmmm) to gain time to think.