"Year of Dialogue and National Reconciliation"

LANGUAGE CENTER NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

OF SANTA.

ENGLISH FINAL EXPOSURE: “PERU”

Name: Danny Landauro Villanueva

Teacher: Betty

Cycle: VI

Nuevo Chimbote, October 2018

 PERÚ
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered
in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in
the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a representative
democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the
Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes Mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon
Basin.

Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization,
to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish
Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which
included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru
has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and
economic upswing. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and
manufacturing of products such as textiles.
The Peruvian population, estimated at 31.7 million, is multiethnic,
including Amerindians, Europeans, Africans, and Asians. The main spoken language is
Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native
languages.

La Cantuta: The sacred flower of the Incas is called cantuta. It is native to the Andes of
Peru and Bolivia. It is said that the Incas found in it sacred essences that made water stay
pure longer. You can find it in white, yellow, pink, and intense red. They promoted its
cultivation throughout Tawantinsuyo, the Inca Empire.
The vicuña and the cock of the rock:
 The vicuña lives in the high alpine areas of the Andes. The vicuña is the national
animal of Peru; its emblem is used on the Peruvian coat of arms representing the
animal kingdom. Vicuñas live exclusively in South America, primarily in the central
Andes. Peru has the largest number.

 The Cock-of-the-rock, is the national bird of Peru. They are found

in tropical and subtropical rainforests close to rocky areas. The male has a large
disk-like crest and brilliant scarlet or orange plumage.

Historic Centre of Lima: The Historic Centre of Lima is among the most important
tourist destinations in Peru. There are more than 1,600 balconies that were built in
the viceroyalty era as well as in the republic. The principal monuments are: Museum of
Italian Art, Archbishop Palace, Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, Sanctuary and
Monastery of Las Nazarenas, Basilica of San Pedro, Plaza Mayor, etc.
The Sacred Valley of the Incas or the Urubamba Valley is a valley in the Andes of Peru,
close to the Inca capital of Cusco and the ancient city of Machu Picchu. The valley is
generally understood to include everything between Calca and Lamay, Písac,
and Ollantaytambo. The valley was formed by the Urubamba River, also known as
Willkanuta River.

Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca site located 2,430 meters above sea level. It is
located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province. It is situated on a mountain ridge above
the Sacred Valley which is 80 kilometers northwest of Cusco. Most archaeologists believe
that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti.

Although known locally, it was unknown to the outside world before being brought to
international attention in 1911 by the American historian Hiram Bingham. Since then,
Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction.
Colca Canyon is a canyon of the Colca River in southern Peru, located about 160
kilometers northwest of Arequipa. It is Peru's third most-visited tourist destination with
about 120,000 visitors annually. It is more than twice as deep as the Grand Canyon in
the United States. The local people maintain their ancestral traditions and continue to
cultivate the pre-Inca stepped terraces.

Lake Titicaca: is a lake in the Andes on the border of Peru and Bolivia. By volume of
water, it is the largest lake in South America. It is often called the highest navigable lake in
the world, with a surface elevation of 3,812 m.

Peruvian cuisine: Peruvian food is considered one of the most varied and richest in the
world has the Guinness record for the biggest variety and diversity of dishes in the world
(491). The three traditional staples of Peruvian cuisine are corn, potatoes, and chili
peppers.
Ceviche: Is the flagship dish of coastal cuisine, and one of the most popular dishes
among Peruvians. It consists of Andean chili peppers, onions and acidic aromatic lime, a
variety brought by the Spaniards. A spicy dish, it consists generally of bite-size pieces of
white fish, marinated raw in lime juice mixed with chilis. Ceviche is served with raw onions,
camote, toasted corn (cancha), and sometimes a local green seaweed yuyo.

Pisco, a kind of brandy, is the national drink of Peru. It originated during the colonial
period as a then, cheaper substitute for the Spanish liquor known as Orujo. This distilled
beverage made from grapes is produced in various regions of the country. Pisco Sour is a
cocktail made from pisco combined with key lime juice, the white of an egg and sugar.
Mario Vargas Llosa is a Peruvian-Spanish writer, politician, journalist, essayist, and
recipient of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Peru, Vargas Llosa is one of Latin
America's most significant novelists and essayists, and one of the leading writers of his
generation.

Peruvian Football: The men's football has had some important actions on the world
stage. Participated in the the World Cup five times, and was present at the last soccer
world cup 'Russia 2018'. Unfortunately the team could not qualify to the round of 16, but
had a very good collective game. They have been champions of the Copa America twice.
Club Sportivo Cienciano gained worldwide recognition after defeating River Plate from
Argentina in the finals of the 2003 Copa Sudamericana and Boca Juniors in the 2004
Recopa Sudamericana. The most popular football clubs in Peru are: 'Alianza Lima' and
'University of Sports'.

Claudio Pizarro, with 12 titles in Germany, has become the most successful Peruvian in
the world and the foreign scorer in the Bundesliga. Paolo Guerrero Guerrero has two titles,
03 in Germany and 03 in Brazil, of which, the most important is the club world cup
achieved with the Brazilian football club Corinthians, after defeating Chelsea football club.
Gastón Acurio Jaramillo: He is a Peruvian chef and ambassador of Peruvian cuisine. He
is owner of restaurants in several countries and is the author of several books.

Juan Diego Flórez: He is a Peruvian operatic tenor. On June, 2007, he received his
country's highest decoration, the Gran ‘Cruz de la Orden del Sol del Perú’.

Sofía Mulánovich: She is the first Peruvian and South American surfer ever to win an
Association of Surfing Professionals World Championship Tour event.
Kina Malpartida: is a Peruvian female professional boxer. She is the current World
Boxing Association Champion in the Super Featherweight class.

Carlos Ismael Noriega: (Born 1959) is a Peruvian and U.S. citizen, NASA employee, a
former NASA astronaut and a retired U.S. Marine Corps lieutenant colonel.

CONCLUSION

I love my Peru because it is the wonderful land where I was born. I am proud to be
Peruvian and motivated to work with the development of my country and have done
successful Peruvians we already know.
Peru is a country that needs Peruvians committed to succeed, and I trust that in the future
we will have a prosperous country.